| Ants Piip | |
| Nationality: | Estonian |
| Order: | 1st State Elder of Estonia |
| Term Start: | 20 December 1920 |
| Term End: | 25 January 1921 |
| Predecessor: | himself as Prime Minister |
| Successor: | Konstantin Päts |
| Order1: | 5th Prime Minister of Estonia |
| Term Start1: | 26 October 1920 |
| Term End1: | 20 December 1920 |
| Predecessor1: | Jaan Tõnisson |
| Successor1: | himself as State Elder |
| Birth Date: | 1884 2, df=yes |
| Birth Place: | Tuhalaane, Kreis Fellin, Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire |
| Death Place: | Nyrobsky camp, Molotov Oblast, Soviet Union |
| Party: | Estonian Labour Party, later none |
| Profession: | lawyer, diplomat, politician |
Ants Piip VR III/1 (also Anton or Hans Piip; in Tuhalaane, Kreis Fellin[1] – 1 October 1942 in Nyrobsky camp, Perm Oblast, Russian SFSR) was an Estonian lawyer, diplomat and politician.[2] Piip was the 1st Head of State of Estonia and the 5th Prime Minister of Estonia. Piip played a key role in internationalising the independence aspirations of Estonia during the Paris Peace Conference following World War I.
Son of a small independent farmer, Piip took his high school exams at the Kuressaare State High School and studied at Teachers' Seminar in Kuldīga (formerly Goldingen), now in Latvia. In 1903–1905, he was a parish clerk and schoolteacher at Alūksne, also a teacher in the Emperor Nikolai Eastern Orthodox Parish School in Kuressaare in 1905–1906, in the Kuressaare Marine School in 1906–1912, and in the Janson Merchant School in Saint Petersburg in 1913–1915. He studied at the law department of the Saint Petersburg University in 1908–1913 and received a scientific scholarship from the Saint Petersburg University in 1913–1916, during that time he worked in the Russian Justice and Interior Ministries. Piip took additional courses in the Berlin University in 1912.
Piip was a member of the Estonian Province Assembly (Estonian: Maapäev), and later a member of the Constituent Assembly (Asutav Kogu), and after that, of the Riigikogu. In 1917–1919, Piip was a member of the Estonian Foreign Mission in Saint Petersburg and in London, he participated in the Paris Peace Conference. In 1919 he was Deputy to the Minister of Foreign Affairs, 1919–1920 Member of the Estonian delegation in the Tartu peace negotiations between Estonia and the Russian SFSR. In 1919–1940 he was Professor of International Law in Tartu University. In 1920, he was the diplomatic representative the Republic of Estonia in Great Britain. 1920–1921, while Head of State, Piip was also the Minister of War. He held position of Minister of Foreign Affairs five times, also he was in 1923–1925 the Envoy of Estonia to the United States of America. During 1938–1940, Piip was also member of the Riigivolikogu (first chamber of the Riigikogu).
Piip was arrested by the NKVD on 30 June 1941 and he died in a Soviet prison camp NyrobLag the next year.
Ants Piip, in 1934 in Riga, emphasised the importance of regional co-operation in preserving Baltic independence: