Antiquarian science books explained

Antiquarian science books are original historical works (e.g., books or technical papers) concerning science, mathematics and sometimes engineering. These books are important primary references for the study of the history of science and technology, they can provide valuable insights into the historical development of the various fields of scientific inquiry (History of science, History of mathematics, etc.)

The landmark are significant first (or early) editions typically worth hundreds or thousands of dollars (prices may vary widely based on condition, etc.).^[1] Reprints of these books are often available, for example from Great Books of the Western World, Dover Publications or Google Books.

Incunabula are extremely rare and valuable, but as the "scientific revolution" is only taken to have started around the 1540s, such works of Renaissance literature (including alchemy, Renaissance magic, etc.) are not usually included under the notion of "scientific" literature. Printed originals of the beginning scientific revolution thus date to the 1540s or later, notably beginning with the original publication of Copernican heliocentrism. Nicolaus Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium of 1543 sold for more than US$2 million at auctions.^[2]

List of notable books

16th century

• Tartaglia, Niccolò. Nova Scientia (A New Science). Venice, 1537. Ballistics.
• Biringuccio, Vannoccio. De la pirotechnia. Venice, 1540. Metallurgy.
• Fuchs, Leonhart. De Historia Stirpium Commentarii Insignes. Basel, 1542. Botany.
• Copernicus, Nicolaus. De revolutionibus orbium coelestium.^[3] Wittenberg, 1543. Copernican heliocentrism.
• Vesalius, Andreas. De humani corporis fabrica (On the Structure of the Human Body).^[4] Basel, 1543. Anatomy.
• Cardano, Gerolamo. Artis magnae sive de regulis algebraicis (The Art of Solving Algebraic Equations). Nuremberg, 1545. Algebra.
• Brunfels, Otto. Kreuterbüch, 1546. Botany.
• Gessner, Conrad. Historia Animalium^[5] 1551-58. Zoology
• Bock, Hieronymus. Kreutterbuch. Strasbourg, 1552. Botany.
• Paracelsus. Theil der grossen Wundartzney.^[6] Frankfurt, 1556. Medicine.
• Agricola, Georgius. De re metallica. Basel, 1561. Mineralogy.
• Regiomontanus. De triangulis planis et sphaericis libri quinque.^[7] Basel, 1561. Trigonometry.
• Bombelli, Rafael. Algebra. 1569/1572. Imaginary numbers.
• Cesalpino, Andrea. De plantis libri XVI. 1583. Taxonomy.
• Bruno, Giordano. De l'infinito, universo e mondi.^[8] 1584 Cosmology.
• Stevin, Simon. De Thiende. 1585. Decimal numeral system.
• Stevin, Simon. De Beghinselen der Weeghconst. 1586. Statics.
• Brahe, Tycho. Astronomiae Instauratae Progymnasmata. 1588. Astronomy.
• Viète, François. In artem analyticam isagoge (Introduction to the Analytical Art).^[9] Tours, 1591. Algebra.
• Ruini, Carlo. Anatomia del Cavallo. Venice, 1598. Veterinary medicine.

17th century

• Gilbert, William. De Magnete.^[10] London, 1600 Magnetism
• Galilei, Galileo. Sidereus Nuncius (The Starry Messenger). Frankfurt, 1610. Astronomy
• Napier, John. Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio,^[11] 1614. Logarithms
• Kepler, Johannes. Harmonices Mundi.^[12] Linz, 1619. Celestial mechanics
• Bacon, Francis. Novum Organum. London, 1620. Experimentation
• Galilei, Galileo. Dialogo sopra i due massimi sistemi del mondo Tolemaico, e Coperniciano. Florence, 1632. Heliocentrism
• Descartes, René. Discours de la Methode / La Geometrie. Leiden, 1637 Analytical geometry
• Fermat, Pierre de. Methodus ad disquirendam maximam et minimam,^[13] 1638. Calculus
• Galilei, Galileo. Discorsi e dimostrazioni matematiche, intorno a due nuove scienze. Leiden, 1638. Classical dynamics
• Desargues, Gérard. Brouillon-project d'une atteinte aux evenemens des rencontres du cone avec un plan, 1639. Projective geometry.
• Harvey, William. Exercitatio Anatomica de Motu Cordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus (Anatomical Exercises, Concerning the Heart and Blood)^[14] London, 1653. Circulatory system
• Wallis, John. Arithmetica infinitorum, 1655. Calculus
• Boyle, Robert. The Sceptical Chymist.^[15] London, 1661. Chemistry
• Pascal, Blaise. Traitez de l'Equilibre des Liqueurs, et de la Pesanteur de la Masse de l'Air.^[16] Paris, 1663. Fluid statics
• Gregory, James. Optica Promota, 1663. Optics
• Hooke, Robert. Micrographia. London, 1665. Microscopy
• Steno, Nicolas. De Solido intra Solidum Naturaliter Contento Dissertationis Prodromus. Florence, 1669. Stratigraphy
• Barrow, Isaac. Lectiones geometricae,^[17] 1670. Calculus
• von Guericke, Otto. Experimenta Nova (ut vocantur) Magdeburgica de Vacuo Spatio.^[18] Magdeburger Halbkugeln, 1672. Experimental physics
• Huygens, Christiaan. Horologium Oscillatorium. Paris, 1673. Pendulus.
• Fermat, Pierre de. Ad locus planos et solidos isagoge, 1679. Analytic geometry
• Leibniz, Gottfried. Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis, 1684. Calculus
• Newton, Isaac. Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica.^[19] London, 3 Vol, 1687. Classical mechanics
• Huygens, Christiaan. Traité de la Lumière. Leiden, 1690. Optics
• Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm. Specimen Dynamicum. Vienna, 1695. Classical mechanics
• van Leeuwenhoek, Antonie. Arcana Naturae, Ope & Beneficio Exquisitissimorum Microscopiorum.^[20] Leiden, 1696. Microbiology
• l'Hôpital, Guillaume de. Analyse des infiniment petits. Paris, 1696. Calculus

18th century

• Newton, Isaac (England). Opticks.^[21] London, 1704. Optics
• Taylor, Brook (England). Methodus Incrementorum Directa et Inversa, 1715. Taylor series
• Linnaeus, Carl (Sweden). Systema Naturae. Netherlands, 1735. Linnaean taxonomy
• Bernoulli, Daniel (Netherlands). Hydrodynamica. Strasbourg, 1738, Fluid dynamics
• d'Alembert, Jean le Rond (France). Réflexions sur la cause générale des vents,^[22] 1747. Complex numbers
• Euler, Leonhard (Switzerland). Introductio in analysin infinitorum. Lausanne, 1748. Mathematical analysis
• Franklin, Benjamin (America). Experiments and Observations on Electricity.^[23] London/Philadelphia, 1751. Electricity
• Bayes, Thomas (England). An Essay Towards Solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances.^[24] London, 1763. Inverse probability
• Volta, Alessandro (Italy). De vi attractiva ignis electrici, ac phaenomenis inde pendentibus,^[25] 1769. Electricity
• Smith, Adam (Scotland). An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. London, 2 Vol, 1776. Capitalism
• Monge, Gaspard (France). Sur la théorie des déblais et des remblais,^[26] 1781. Descriptive geometry.
• Lagrange, Joseph (Italy). Mécanique analytique. Paris, 1788. Dynamics
• Hutton, James (Scotland). Theory of the Earth.^[27] Edinburgh, 1788. Geology
• Lavoisier, Antoine (France). Traité Élémentaire de Chimie (Elements of Chemistry).^[28] Paris, 2 Vol, 1789. Chemistry
• Galvani, Luigi (Italy). De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari commentarius^[29] Bologna, 1791. Electricity
• Legendre, Adrien-Marie (France). Essai sur la théorie des nombres.^[30] Paris, 1798. Number theory
• Jenner, Edward (England). An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolæ Vaccinæ.^{[31] [32]} 1798. Immunology
• Wessel, Caspar (Norway). Om directionens analytiske betegning.^[33] Copenhagen, 1799. Imaginary numbers
• Ruffini, Paolo (Italy). Teoria generale dele equazioni, in cui si dimostra impossibile. La soluzione algebraica delle equazioni generali di grado superiore al quatro. Bologna, 1799. Algebra

19th century

• Gauss, Carl Friedrich (Germany). Disquisitiones Arithmeticae.^[34] Leipzig, 1801. Number theory
• Young, Thomas (England). Experiments and Calculations Relative to Physical Optics,^[35] 1803. Light
• Argand, Jean-Robert (Switzerland). Essai sur une maniere de representer les quantities imaginaries dans les constructions geometriques,^[36] 1806. Imaginary numbers.
• Dalton, John (England). A New System of Chemical Philosophy.^[37] London, 1808. Atomic theory
• Berzelius, Jöns Jacob (Sweden). Läroboken i kemien,^[38] 1808. Chemistry
• Cayley, George (England). On Aerial Navigation.^[39] Brompton, 3 Vol, 1809. Aeronautics.
• Ørsted, Hans Christian (Denmark). Experimenta circa effectum conflictus electrici in acum magneticam.^{[40] [41]} Copenhagen, 1820. Electromagnetism.
• Fourier, Joseph (France). Théorie Analytique de la Chaleur.^[42] Paris, 1822. Fourier series.
• Fresnel, Augustin-Jean (France). Mémoire Sur Un Nouveau Système D'Éclairage Des Phares Lu À L'Académie Des Sciences. Paris, 1822. Wave optics
• Babbage, Charles (England). Mr. Babbage's invention: Application of machinery to the purpose of calculating and printing mathematical tables.^[43] London, 1823. Computing
• Lobachevsky, Nikolai (Russia). Geometriya.^[44] 1823. Non-Euclidean geometry
• Cauchy, Augustin-Louis (France). Le calcul infinitesimal.^[45] Paris, 1823. Mathematical analysis
• Carnot, Sadi (France). Réflexions sur la Puissance Motrice du Feu et sur les machines propres à déveloper cette puissance. Paris, 1824. Thermodynamics
• Ampère, André-Marie (France). Mémoire sur la théorie mathématique des phénomènes électrodynamiques,^[46] 1827. Electromagnetism
• Laplace, Pierre-Simon (France). Traité de Mécanique Céleste.^[47] Paris, 1827. Classical mechanics
• Ohm, Georg (Germany). Die Galvanische Kette mathematisch bearbeitet.^[48] Berlin, 1827. Electricity
• Lyell, Charles (Scotland). Principles of Geology.^[49] London, 1830. Geology
• Poisson, Siméon Denis (France). Théorie Mathématique de la Chaleur. Paris, 1835. Heat transfer
• Faraday, Michael (England). Experimental Researches in Electricity.^{[50] [51]} London, 1839-55. Electricity.
• Babbage, Charles & Lovelace, Ada (England). Sketch of the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage (with additional notes by Augusta Ada, Countess of Lovelace),^[52] 1843. Computing
• Joule, James P. (England). On the Calorific Effects of Magneto-Electricity, and on the Mechanical Value of Heat.^{[53] [54]} London, 1843. Conservation of energy
• Hamilton, William Rowan (Ireland). On Quaternions. London/Edinburgh/Dublin, 1844. Quaternions.
• von Helmholtz, Hermann (Germany). Über die Erhaltung der Kraft (On the Conservation of Force).^[55] 1847. Conservation of energy
• Clausius, Rudolf (Germany). Ueber die bewegende Kraft der Wärme (On the Moving Force of Heat and the Laws of Heat which may be Deduced Therefrom).^[56] Leipzig, 1850. Laws of thermodynamics
• Thomson, William (1st Baron Kelvin) (Scotland/Ireland). On the dynamical theory of heat, with numerical results deduced from Mr Joule's equivalent of a thermal unit and M. Regnault's observations on steam.^[57] Edinburgh, 1851. Thermodynamics
• Boole, George (England). An Investigation of the Laws of Thought.^[58] London, 1854. Boolean algebra
• Maury, Matthew Fontaine (America). The Physical Geography of the Sea.^[59] New York, 1855. Oceanography
• Virchow, Rudolf (Germany). Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre.^[60] 1858. Cellular pathology
• Darwin, Charles (England). On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection.^[61] London, 1859. Evolutionary biology
• Pasteur, Louis (France). Memoire sur les corpuscules organises qui existent dans l'atmosphere.^[62] Paris, 1861. Microbiology.
• Lejeune Dirichlet, P. G. (Germany). Vorlesungen über Zahlentheorie. Braunschweig, 1863, Number theory.
• Bernard, Claude (France). Introduction à l'étude de la médecine expérimentale.^[63] Paris, 1865. Physiology
• Mendel, Gregor (Czech Republic/Austria). Versuche über Pflanzen-Hybriden (Experiments on Plant Hybridization).^{[64] [65]} Brno, 1866. Genetics
• Riemann, Bernhard (Germany). Ueber die Hypothesen, welche der Geometrie zu Grunde liegen.^[66] Göttingen, 1868. Riemannian geometry
• Beltrami, Eugenio (Italy). Saggio di interpretazione della geometria non-euclidea (Essay on an interpretation of non-Euclidean geometry),^[67] 1868. Hyperbolic geometry
• Galton, Francis (England). Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into Its Laws and Consequences. London, 1869, Statistics
• Cohn, Ferdinand (Poland). Untersuchungen ueber Bacterien.^[68] Breslau, 3 Vol, 1870. Bacteriology.
• Darwin, Charles (England). The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex.^[69] London, 1871. Evolutionary biology.
• Marx, Karl (Germany). Das Kapital. St. Petersburg, 1872. Economics.
• Maxwell, James Clerk (Scotland). A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism.^[70] Oxford, 2 Vol, 1873. Classical electromagnetism.
• Koch, Robert (Germany). Untersuchungen uber die aetiologie der wundinfectionskrankheiter. Leipzig, 1878. Bacteriology.
• Gibbs, Willard (America). On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances. New Haven, 1878. Physical chemistry
• Michelson, Albert A. (America). Experimental Determination of the Velocity of Light. Annapolis, 1880. Speed of light.
• Abel, Niels Henrik (Norway). Oeuvres complètes, 1881. Mathematical analysis.
• Zhukovsky, Nikolai (Russia). O protchnosti dvizheniya (The Durability of Motion). Moscow, 1882. Aeronautics.
• Cantor, Georg (Russia/Germany). Grundlagen einer allgemeinen Mannigfaltigkeitslehre.^[71] Leipzig, 1883. Set theory.
• James, William (America). The Principles of Psychology. New York, 1890. Psychology
• Mendeleev, Dmitri (Russia). Principles of Chemistry. London, 1891. Chemistry
• Newcomb, Simon (America). Astronomical Papers Prepared for the Use of the American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac. Washington, D.C., 1891. Astronomy
• Poincare, Henri (France). Les méthodes nouvelles de la mécanique céleste.^[72] Paris, 1892. Celestial mechanics
• Tesla, Nikola (Croatia/America). Experiments with Alternate Currents of High Potential and High Frequency. New York, 1892. Electricity
• Hertz, Heinrich (Germany). Untersuchungen über die Ausbreitung der elektrischen Kraft (Electric Waves).^{[73] [74]} 1893. Electromagnetic radiation
• Röntgen, Wilhelm (Germany). Ueber eine neue Art von Strahlen (On A New Kind Of Rays).^[75] 1895. X-rays
• Bolyai, János (Hungary). The Science of Absolute Space.^[76] 1896. Non-Euclidean geometry
• Galois, Évariste (France). Oeuvres Mathematiques d'Évariste Galois. Paris, 1897. Group theory
• Curie, Marie (Poland/France) & Curie, Pierre (France). Sur une nouvelle substance fortement radio-active, contenue dans la pechblende ^[77] (Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de l'Académie des Sciences). Paris, 1898. Radioactivity
• Hilbert, David (Germany). Grundlagen der Geometrie (The Foundations of Geometry).^[78] 1899. Mathematics
• Ramón y Cajal, Santiago (Spain). Textura del sistema nervioso del hombre y los vertebrados^[79] 1899-1904. Neuroscience

20th century (pre-Cold War)

• Planck, Max (Germany). Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum.^[80] Leipzig, 1900. Quantum mechanics
• Tsiolkovsky, Konstantin Eduardovich (Russia). The Exploration of Cosmic Space by Means of Reaction Devices. Kaluga, 1903. Rockets
• Rutherford, Ernest (New Zealand). Radio-activity.^[81] Cambridge, 1904. Nuclear physics
• Lorentz, Hendrik (Netherlands). Electromagnetic phenomena in a system moving with any velocity smaller than that of light. Amsterdam, 1904. Special relativity
• Einstein, Albert^[82] (Germany). Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper ("On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies")^[83] Leipzig, 1905.^[84] Special relativity
• Einstein, Albert (Germany). Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?^[85] Leipzig, 1905. Physics
• Richardson, Lewis (England). The Approximate Arithmetical Solution by Finite Differences of Physical Problems Involving Differential Equations, with an Application to the Stresses in a Masonry Dam.^[86] London, 1910. Computational mechanics
• Boas, Franz (Germany/America). The Mind of Primitive Man.^[87] New York, 1911. Anthropology
• Bohr, Niels (Denmark). On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules.^{[88] [89] [90]} London, 1913. Quantum mechanics
• Einstein, Albert (Germany). Die Grundlage Der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie (Foundations of the General Theory of Relativity).^[91] Leipzig, 1916. Physics.
• Goddard, Robert Hutchings (America). A Method of Reaching Extreme Altitudes. Washington, D.C, 1919. Rockets
• de Broglie, Louis (France). Recherches sur la théorie des quanta (Research on Quantum Theory),^[92] 1924. Wave–particle duality
• Whitehead, Alfred North (England) and Russell, Bertrand (England). Principia Mathematica. Cambridge, 1925. Mathematics
• Heisenberg, Werner (Germany). Über quantentheorestische Umdeutung kinematischer und mechanischer Beziehungen. Berlin, 1925. Quantum mechanics
• Schrödinger, Erwin (Austria). Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem.^[93] Leipzig, 1926. Quantum mechanics
• Heisenberg, Werner (Germany). Über den anschaulichen Inhalt der quantentheoretischen Kinematik und Mechanik Berlin, 1927. Quantum mechanics
• Pavlov, Ivan (Russia). Conditioned Reflexes. New York, 1928. Classical conditioning
• Oberth, Hermann (Romania). Wege zur Raumschiffahrt (Ways to Spaceflight).^[94] Munich/Berlin, 1929. Rockets
• Hubble, Edwin (America). A Relation between Distance and Radial Velocity among Extra-Galactic Nebulae.^[95] Washington, D.C., 1929. Astrophysics
• Dirac, Paul (England). The Principles of Quantum Mechanics. Oxford, 1930. Quantum mechanics.
• Gödel, Kurt (Czech Republic/America). On formally undecidable propositions of Principia Mathematica and related systems. Leipzig, 1931. Mathematical logic.
• von Neumann, John (Hungary/America). Mathematische Grundlagen der Quantenmechanik. 1932. Quantum mechanics
• Goddard, Robert Hutchings (America). Liquid Propellant Rocket Development.^[96] Washington, D.C., 1936. Rockets
• Keynes, John Maynard (England). The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money. London, 1936. Economics
• Church, Alonzo (America). A Note on the Entscheidungsproblem.^[97] Ann Arbor, 1936. Computer science.
• Turing, Alan (England). On Computable Numbers, with an Application to the Entscheidungsproblem.^[98] Cambridge, 1937. Computing
• Dobzhansky, Theodosius (Ukraine/America). Genetics and the Origin of Species. 1937. Evolutionary biology
• Shannon, Claude E. (America). A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits (Master's thesis, MIT).^{[99] [100]} 1937. Computing
• Pauling, Linus (America). The Nature of the Chemical Bond.^[101] Ithaca, 1939. Chemistry.
• von Neumann, John (Hungary/America) & Morgenstern, Oskar (Germany/America). Theory of Games and Economic Behavior. Princeton, 1944. Game theory

External links

• Heralds of Science - Smithsonian Libraries
• Milestones of Science Books - Antiquarian booksellers

Notes and References

1. Prices quoted were collected using sources such as Web site: International League of Antiquarian Booksellers . 2018-06-07 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20080509062742/http://www.ilab.org/services/searchform.php . 2008-05-09 . Web site: ABAA . 2018-06-07 . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20090701041121/http://search.abaa.org/dbp2/searchform.php . 2009-07-01 . http://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchEntry http://www.sothebys.com http://www.christies.com
2. US$2,210,500 at a Christies auction in 2008.
3. http://ads.harvard.edu/books/1543droc.book/ De revolutionibus orbium coelestium
4. http://vesalius.northwestern.edu/ De Humani Corporis Fabrica online
5. Web site: HISTORIAE ANIMALIUM liber IIII (first edition). Rare Fish Books. 23 August 2018.
6. First edition: Web site: Theil der grossen Wundartzney . ILAB . 1 August 2018.
7. https://web.archive.org/web/20071019135140/http://www.polybiblio.com/marta/165.html Polybiblio: Regiomontanus, Johannes/Santbech, Daniel, ed. De Triangulis Planis et Sphaericis libri quinque. Basel Henrich Petri & Petrus Perna 1561
8. Giordano Bruno, De l'infinito, universo e mondi, a cura di Giovanni Aquilecchia, Sansoni, Firenze, 1985.
9. First edition: Web site: Introduction to the analytical art . 2018-08-01.
10. http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/33810 De Magnete
11. Mirifici logarithmorum canonis descriptio (Edward Wright's English translation was published in 1616). Web site: Mirifici logarithmorum canonis constructio (early edition) . Antiquariat Gerhard Gruber . 2 August 2018 . 2 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180802163644/https://www.antiquariat-gruber.de/product.php?lang=de&action=details&catalog_id=&product_id=105659-01 . dead .
12. Web site: Harmonices Mundi (first edition) . Milestones of Science Books . 2 August 2018 . (Ritterhude, Germany) . https://web.archive.org/web/20180802162711/https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/2603/johannes-kepler/prodromus-dissertationum-cosmographicarum-continens-mysterium-cosmographicum-de-admirabili . 2 August 2018 . dead .
13. First written in a letter to Mersenne in 1638, the first printed publication of the method is in the fifth volume of the "Supplementum Cursus Mathematici" (1642) written by Herigone, and only in 1679 it appears in Fermat's "Varia opera mathematica". Electronic version in latin. First edition of "Varia opera mat." at Jonathan A. Hill, Bookseller, Inc.
14. Web site: De motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus (early edition) . LIBRERIA BRIGHENTI . 3 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180803163622/http://www.libreriabrighenti.it/libri/rare-books-libri-antichi/de-motu-cordis-et-sanguinis-in-animalibus-anatomica-exercitatio-detail . 3 August 2018 . dead .
15. Web site: The Sceptical Chymist (first edition) . Sophia Rare Books . 3 August 2018 . 3 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180803163459/https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4552/robert-boyle/the-sceptical-chymist-or-chymo-physical-doubts-and-paradoxes-touching-the-experiments-whereby . dead .
16. Web site: Traitez de l'équilibre des liqueurs (first edition) . Librairie Hatchuel. 58 rue Monge 75005 Paris - France . 3 August 2018.
17. . Web site: Lectiones opticae & geometricae (first edition) . Milestones of Science Books . 3 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180803163455/https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/1989/isaac-barrow-isaac-newton/lectiones-opticae-geometricae-in-quibus-phaenomenon-opticorum-genuinae-rationes . 3 August 2018 . dead .
18. First editions of Experimenta Nova available at ILAB
19. Web site: Principia - Second edition, 1713 . James Cummins Bookseller (member ABAA/ILAB) . 3 August 2018 . New York. https://web.archive.org/web/20180803194138/https://www.jamescumminsbookseller.com/pages/books/252301/isaac-newton/philosophiae-naturalis-principia-mathematica-auctore-isaaco-newtonio-equite-aurato-editio . 3 August 2018 . dead .
20. Web site: Arcana naturae (first edition) . Milestones of Science Books . 3 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180803193958/https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/1987/anton-van-leeuwenhoek/arcana-naturae-detecta-arcana-naturae-detecta-editio-altera-continuatio-epistolarum-editio . 3 August 2018 . dead .
21. First editions at ILAB
22. Web site: Reflexions sur la Cause generale des Vents (first edition) . Jonathan A. Hill. Bookseller, Inc. . 3 August 2018.
23. Web site: Experiments and Observations on Electricity (early edition) . Joseph J. Felcone Inc. Bookseller. . 3 August 2018.
24. Web site: An Essay Towards Solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances (first edition) . Manhattan Rare Book Company . 8 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180808140114/https://www.manhattanrarebooks.com/pages/books/2090/thomas-bayes/an-essay-towards-solving-a-problem-in-the-doctrine-of-chances . 8 August 2018 . dead .
25. https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1419897 De vi attractiva ignis electrici
26. Mémoire sur la théorie des déblais et des remblais De l'Imprimerie Royale.
27. Web site: Theory of the Earth (first edition) . Milestones of Science Books . 8 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180808140323/https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/1667/james-hutton/theory-of-the-earth-with-proofs-and-illustrations . 8 August 2018 . dead .
28. Web site: Traité élémentaire de chimie (first edition) . Librairie Alain Brieu . 3 August 2018.
29. https://web.archive.org/web/20110909013601/http://137.204.24.205/cis13b/bsco3/intro_opera.asp?id_opera=23 De viribus electricitatis
30. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb30775982w Essai sur la Théorie des Nombres
31. A digitized copy of An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variola vaccine (1798), from the Posner Memorial Collection at Carnegie Mellon
32. Web site: An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variola vaccine (first edition) . Jeff Weber Rare Books . 8 August 2018 .
33. Wessel . Caspar . 1799 . Om Directionens analytiske Betegning, et Forsog, anvendt fornemmelig til plane og sphæriske Polygoners Oplosning . On the analytic representation of direction, an effort applied in particular to the determination of plane and spherical polygons . Danish . Nye Samling af det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskabs Skrifter . 5 . 469–518 . Copenhagen . Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters.
34. Web site: Disquisitiones arithmeticae (first edition) . WP Watson Antiquarian Books (in Abebooks) . 3 August 2018 . London.
35. Young. Thomas. Bakerian Lecture: Experiments and calculations relative to physical optics. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. 1804. 94. 1–16 . 1804RSPT...94....1Y. 10.1098/rstl.1804.0001. 110408369. free. . First edition at Abebooks
36. Essai sur une manière de représenter des quantités imaginaires dans les constructions géométriques, 2e édition, Gauthier Villars, Paris (1874) BNF
37. Book: Dalton, John . A new system of chemical philosophy . 1808 . 8 July 2008 . 978-1-153-05671-7 . London . . First edition at Sophia Rare Books
38. Web site: Läroboken i kemien (early edition, in swedish) . Antikvariat Röde Orm (in www.antikvariat.net) . 3 August 2018.
39. Web site: On Aerial Navigation (first edition) . Milestones of Science Books . 2 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180802162839/https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/2687/george-cayley/on-aerial-navigation . 2 August 2018 . dead .
40. https://archive.org/details/Experimentacirc00Orst Electronic version
41. Web site: Experimenta circa effectum...(H.C. Oersted; first edition) . Milestones of Science Books . 8 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180808181143/https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/1924/hans-christian-oersted/experimenta-circa-effectum-etc-experiences-sur-leffet-du-conflict-electrique-sur-laiguille . 8 August 2018 . dead .
42. Web site: Theorie analytique de la chaleur (first edition) . Milestones of Science Books . 2 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180802193000/https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/2022/jean-baptiste-joseph-fourier/theorie-analytique-de-la-chaleur . 2 August 2018 . dead .
43. First edition at Abebooks - Jeremy Norman's historyofscience Bookseller (Novato, CA, U.S.A.)
44. Web site: Géométrie imaginaire (first edition in french) . Sophia Rare Books . 3 August 2018 . 30 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200630155802/https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4453/nikolai-ivanovich-lobachevsky/geometrie-imaginaire . dead .
45. https://archive.org/details/oeuvresdaugusti01caucrich Œuvres complètes d'Augustin Cauchy
46. Early edition at Abebooks (Jeremy Norman's historyofscience, Bookseller (Novato, CA, U.S.A.))
47. Web site: Traité de Mécanique Céleste (first edition) . Jonathan A. Hill Bookseller . 3 August 2018.
48. Web site: Die galvanische Kette, mathematisch bearbeitet (first edition) . Jonathan A. Hill Bookseller . 3 August 2018.
49. Book: Principles of Geology . Roger Middleton - Bookseller (in www.biblio.com) . 3 August 2018. first .
50. https://archive.org/details/experimentalrese00faraiala Electronic version
51. Web site: Experimental Researches in Electricity (first edition, 8vo, 3 volumes) . Rulon-Miller Books. . 8 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180808171741/https://www.rulon.com/pages/books/50035/michael-faraday/experimental-researches-in-electricity . 8 August 2018 . dead .
52. Ada Lovelace's notes: Web site: Sketch of the Analytical Engine invented by Charles Babbage [by L.F. Menabrea, translated, and appended with additional notes, by Augusta Ada, Countess of Lovelace] ]. 2018-07-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180710194717/https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/2367/charles-babbage-ada-lovelace/sketch-of-the-analytical-engine-invented-by-charles-babbage-by-l-f-menabrea-translated-and/?soldItem=true . 10 July 2018 . dead .
53. Web site: On the calorific effects of magneto-electricity, and on the mechanical value of heat (first edition) . Jeremy Norman & Co., Inc. . 8 August 2018.
54. In June 1845, Joule read his paper "On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat" to the British Association meeting in Cambridge (Joule, J.P. (1845) "On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat", Brit. Assoc. Rep., trans. Chemical Sect, p.31)
55. Web site: Über die Erhaltung der Kraft (first edition) . Oak Knoll Books . 8 August 2018.
56. Web site: Ueber die bewegende Kraft der Wärme (first edition) . Bookshop Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn . 8 August 2018 . 1 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200701115417/http://www.lynge.com/item.php?bookid=53436&c_sourcepage=search.php%3Fpg%3D1%26amp%3Bs_author%3D%26amp%3Bs_title%3D%26amp%3Bs_all%3Dclausius%26amp%3Bs_currency%3D%26amp%3Bs_pmin%3D%26amp%3Bs_pmax%3D%26amp%3Bs_catalogue%3D%26amp%3Bs_year1%3D0%26amp%3Bs_year2%3D0%26amp%3Bs_addedsince%3D0%26amp%3Bs_sort%3D%26amp%3Bs_direction%3D%26amp%3Bs_bookid%3D0%23booknr53436&s_currency= . dead .
57. Web site: On the dynamical theory of heat...(first edition) . Sophia Rare Books . 8 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180808172247/https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4028/william-thomson-lord-kelvin/on-the-dynamical-theory-of-heat-with-numerical-results-deduced-from-mr-joules-equivalent-of-a . 8 August 2018 . dead .
58. Web site: An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (first edition) . Blackwell's Rare Books . 3 August 2018.
59. Book: The Physical Geography of the Sea. Harper & Brothers. 1858 . 1855. Google Books.
60. First editions of Die cellularpathologie at ILAB
61. Web site: On the Origin of Species (1859 edition, 8ov) . John Windle, Antiquarian Bookselle . 3 August 2018 . San Francisco, CA . https://web.archive.org/web/20180803163658/https://www.johnwindle.com/shop/windle/110417.html . 3 August 2018 . dead .
62. Web site: Mémoire sur Les Corpuscules organisés qui existent dans L'Atmosphère (early edition) . Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S . 6 August 2018 . 30 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200630180000/http://www.lynge.com/item.php?bookid=47021&c_sourcepage=search.php%3Fpg%3D1%26amp%3Bs_author%3D%26amp%3Bs_title%3D%26amp%3Bs_all%3DM%25E9moire%2520sur%2520Les%2520Corpuscules%2520organis%25E9s%2520qui%2520existent%2520dans%2520L%2527Atmosph%25E8re%26amp%3Bs_currency%3D%26amp%3Bs_pmin%3D%26amp%3Bs_pmax%3D%26amp%3Bs_catalogue%3D%26amp%3Bs_year1%3D0%26amp%3Bs_year2%3D0%26amp%3Bs_addedsince%3D0%26amp%3Bs_sort%3D%26amp%3Bs_direction%3D%26amp%3Bs_bookid%3D0%23booknr47021&s_currency= . dead .
63. First editions of Introduction à l'etude de la médicine at ILAB
64. Mendel, J. G. (1866). "Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden", Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn, Bd. IV für das Jahr, 1865, Abhandlungen: 3–47, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/124139#page/133/mode/1up. For the English translation, see: Druery . C. T. . William . Bateson . Experiments in plant hybridization . Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. 26. 1–32. 1901. 9 October 2009.
65. "Mendel's paper "Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden", was read at meetings of the Brunn Natural History Society on 8th February and 8th March 1865, and was published in the Verhandlungen des naturforschenden Vereines in Brünn, 4, 1865, which appeared in 1866" (Gregor Mendel, Experiments in Plant Hybridisation, Cosimo, Inc., 2008, p. 7).
66. Web site: On The Hypotheses which lie at the Bases of Geometry (first English translation) . Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S . 6 August 2018 . 2 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200702233634/http://www.lynge.com/item.php?bookid=53254&c_sourcepage=search.php%3Fpg%3D1%26amp%3Bs_author%3D%26amp%3Bs_title%3D%26amp%3Bs_all%3DRIEMANN%252C%2520BERNHARD%26amp%3Bs_currency%3D%26amp%3Bs_pmin%3D%26amp%3Bs_pmax%3D%26amp%3Bs_catalogue%3D%26amp%3Bs_year1%3D0%26amp%3Bs_year2%3D0%26amp%3Bs_addedsince%3D0%26amp%3Bs_sort%3D%26amp%3Bs_direction%3D%26amp%3Bs_bookid%3D0%23booknr53254&s_currency= . dead .
67. Study, E.. Eduard Study. Review: Opere matematiche di Eugenio Beltrami. Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.. 1909. 16. 3. 147–149. 10.1090/s0002-9904-1909-01882-8. free.
68. Web site: Untersuchungen ueber Bacterien (first edition) . Milestones of Science Books . 6 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180806181503/https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/2060/ferdinand-cohn/untersuchungen-ueber-bacterien . 6 August 2018 . dead .
69. Web site: The Descent of Man (first edition) . Milestones of Science Books . 6 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180806180752/https://www.milestone-books.de/pages/books/2676/charles-darwin/the-descent-of-man-and-selection-in-relation-to-sex-2-volumes . 6 August 2018 . dead .
70. Web site: A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism (first edition) . Sophia Rare Books . 6 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180806180346/https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4308/james-clerk-maxwell/a-treatise-on-electricity-and-magnetism . 6 August 2018 . dead .
71. Georg Cantor . Ueber unendliche, lineare Punktmannichfaltigkeiten (5) . Mathematische Annalen . 21 . 4 . 545–591 . 1883 . 10.1007/bf01446819 . 121930608 . . Published separately as: Grundlagen einer allgemeinen Mannigfaltigkeitslehre.
72. [Henri Poincaré#Poincaré's writings in English translation|List of Poincaré writings in English translation]
73. First editions at ILAB
74. Web site: Electric Waves (first edition in english) . Manhattan Rare Book Company . 8 August 2018.
75. Web site: Ueber eine neue Art von Strahlen (first edition) . Jeremy Norman & Co., Inc. . 8 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180808171942/https://www.jnorman.com/pages/books/38525/wilhelm-konrad-rontgen/eine-neue-art-von-strahlen-2-offprints . 8 August 2018 . dead .
76. http://real-eod.mtak.hu/2790/ "The science absolute of space : independent of the truth or falsity of Euclid's axiom XI (which can never be decided a priori)"
77. Web site: Sur une substance nouvelle radio-active dans la pechblende (first edition) . Bookshop Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn . 6 August 2018 . 30 June 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200630155636/http://www.lynge.com/item.php?bookid=30684&c_sourcepage=search.php%3Fpg%3D1%26amp%3Bs_author%3D%26amp%3Bs_title%3D%26amp%3Bs_all%3DSur%2520une%2520nouvelle%2520substance%2520fortement%2520radio-active%26amp%3Bs_currency%3D%26amp%3Bs_pmin%3D%26amp%3Bs_pmax%3D%26amp%3Bs_catalogue%3D%26amp%3Bs_year1%3D0%26amp%3Bs_year2%3D0%26amp%3Bs_addedsince%3D0%26amp%3Bs_sort%3D%26amp%3Bs_direction%3D%26amp%3Bs_bookid%3D0%23booknr30684&s_currency= . dead .
78. Web site: Grundlagen der Geometrie (first edition) . Argosy Book Store . 6 August 2018.
79. Web site: Textura del sistema nervioso del hombre y los vertebrados (first edition in Spanish) . 2018-06-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180612142020/https://www.rootenbergbooks.com/pages/books/14048/santiago-ramon-y-cajal/textura-del-sistema-nervioso-del-hombre-y-de-los-vertebrados-estudios-sobre-el-plan-estructural-y . 12 June 2018 . dead . Histologie du système nerveux, first edition in french, 1909
80. Planck . M. . Max Planck . 1900b . Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum . . 2 . 237 . Translated in Book: ter Haar . D. . Dirk ter Haar . 1967 . On the Theory of the Energy Distribution Law of the Normal Spectrum . http://www.ffn.ub.es/luisnavarro/nuevo_maletin/Planck%20%281900%29,%20Distribution%20Law.pdf . The Old Quantum Theory . . 82 . 66029628. First edition: Web site: Zur Theorie des Gesetzes der Energieverteilung im Normalspectrum . 2018-08-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180801124931/https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4317/max-planck/zur-theorie-des-gesetzes-der-energieverteilung-im-normalspectrum . 1 August 2018 . dead .
81. https://archive.org/details/radioactivity00ruthgoog Radio-activity (1904), 2nd ed. (1905)
82. [List of scientific publications by Albert Einstein]
83. Einstein. Albert. 1905d. Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper. On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies. de. Annalen der Physik. 322. 10. 891–921. 10.1002/andp.19053221004. free. 1905AnP...322..891E. 10915/2786. free.
84. [Albert Einstein#1905 – Annus Mirabilis papers|''Annus Mirabilis'' papers]
85. Einstein. Albert. 1905e. Ist die Trägheit eines Körpers von seinem Energieinhalt abhängig?. Does the Inertia of a Body Depend Upon Its Energy Content?. de. Annalen der Physik. 323. 13. 639–641. 10.1002/andp.19053231314. free. 1905AnP...323..639E.
86. Richardson . L.F. . 1910 . . The approximate arithmetical solution by finite differences of physical problems involving differential equations, with an application to the stresses in a masonry dam . 210 . 459–470 . 307–357 . 10.1098/rsta.1911.0009. 1911RSPTA.210..307R . free .
87. Web site: The Mind of Primitive Man (first edition) . Herman H. J. Lynge & Søn A/S . 9 August 2018 . 1 July 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200701115359/http://www.lynge.com/item.php?bookid=50084&c_sourcepage=search.php%3Fpg%3D1%26amp%3Bs_author%3D%26amp%3Bs_title%3D%26amp%3Bs_all%3Dfranz%2520boas%26amp%3Bs_currency%3D%26amp%3Bs_pmin%3D%26amp%3Bs_pmax%3D%26amp%3Bs_catalogue%3D%26amp%3Bs_year1%3D0%26amp%3Bs_year2%3D0%26amp%3Bs_addedsince%3D0%26amp%3Bs_sort%3D%26amp%3Bs_direction%3D%26amp%3Bs_bookid%3D0%23booknr50084&s_currency= . dead .
88. Niels . Bohr . On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules, Part I . . 1913 . 26 . 1–24 . 10.1080/14786441308634955. 151 . 1913PMag...26....1B.
89. Niels . Bohr . On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules, Part II Systems Containing Only a Single Nucleus . . 1913 . 26 . 476–502 . 10.1080/14786441308634993 . 153 . 1913PMag...26..476B.
90. Niels . Bohr . On the Constitution of Atoms and Molecules, Part III Systems containing several nuclei. . 1913 . 26 . 857–875. 155. 10.1080/14786441308635031. 1913PMag...26..857B .
91. http://www.physik.uni-augsburg.de/annalen/history/einstein-papers/1916_49_769-822.pdf Link "Die Grundlage Der Allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie"
92. Recherches sur la théorie des quanta (Researches on the quantum theory), Thesis, Paris, 1924, Ann. de Physique (10) 3, 22 (1925).
93. Schrodinger. Erwin. Quantisierung als Eigenwertproblem. Annalen der Physik. 1926. 384. 4. 273–376. 10.1002/andp.19263840404. 1926AnP...384..361S. free.
94. https://archive.org/details/nasa_techdoc_19720008133 Ways to Spaceflight
95. Hubble . Edwin . 1929 . A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae . . 15 . 3 . 168–173 . 10.1073/pnas.15.3.168 . 16577160 . 522427 . 1929PNAS...15..168H. free .
96. First edition: Web site: Liquid-Propellant Rocket Development . 2018-08-01.
97. First edition: Web site: A Note of the Entscheidungsproblem . 2018-08-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180801190211/https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4546/alonzo-church/a-note-of-the-entscheidungsproblem . 1 August 2018 . dead .
98. First edition: Web site: On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem . 2018-08-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180801190213/https://www.sophiararebooks.com/pages/books/4474/alan-mathison-turing/on-computable-numbers-with-an-application-to-the-entscheidungsproblem-on-computable-numbers . 1 August 2018 . dead .
99. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11173 Full text at MIT
100. Web site: A Symbolic Analysis of Relay and Switching Circuits . Manhattan Rare Book Company . First printing in: Transactions of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers 57 (1938) . 9 August 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180809122545/https://www.manhattanrarebooks.com/pages/books/2071/claude-shannon/a-symbolic-analysis-of-relay-and-switching-circuits . 9 August 2018 . dead .
101. Book: Pauling, Linus . — . 1939 . The Nature of the Chemical Bond and the Structure of Molecules and Crystals . Cornell University Press.