Anti-neurofascin demyelinating diseases explained

Anti-neurofascin demyelinating diseases (anti-NF diseases) refers to health conditions engendered by auto-antibodies against neurofascins, which can produce both central and peripheral demyelination. Some cases of combined central and peripheral demyelination (CCPD) could be produced by them.^[1]

• Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: Some cases of CIDP are reported to be produced by auto-antibodies against several neurofascin proteins. These proteins are present in the neurons and four of them have been reported to produce disease: NF186, NF180, NF166 and NF155.^[2]
• Neuromyelitis optica: NF auto antibodies can also appear in NMO cases. These antibodies are more related to the peripheral nervous demyelination, but they were also found in NMO.^[3]
• Multiple sclerosis: Also antibodies against Neurofascins NF-155 can also appear in atypical multiple sclerosis^[4] and NF-186 could be involved in subtypes of MS^[5] yielding an intersection between both conditions. Around 10% of MS cases are now thought to be anti-NF cases.^{[6] [7]}

Current status

Whether ANFAs are part of a unique and emerging disease entity, disease modifiers, or inconsequential remains to be elucidated with time.^{[8] [9]} Anti-neurofascin antibodies are found in multiple sclerosis, and chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.^[10]

History

The first report about a subgroup of MS patients with anti-NF and contactin 2 auto-antibodies was published in 2011^[11]

Notes and References

1. Ciron . Jonathan . Carra-Dallière . Clarisse . Ayrignac . Xavier . Neau . Jean-Philippe . Maubeuge . Nicolas . Labauge . Pierre . 3 November 2018 . The coexistence of recurrent cerebral tumefactive demyelinating lesions with longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis and demyelinating neuropathy . Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders . 27 . 223–225 . 10.1016/j.msard.2018.11.002 . 30414563 . 53292167 . 2211-0348.
2. Kira . Jun-ichi . Yamasaki . Ryo . Ogata . Hidenori . 2019-11-01 . Anti-neurofascin autoantibody and demyelination . Neurochemistry International . Emerging focus areas in Neuroimmunology . en . 130 . 104360 . 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.011 . 30582947 . 56595020 . 0197-0186. free .
3. Jia . Kun . Zhang . Xu . Zhang . Lin-Jie . Li . Li-Min . Qi . Yuan . Yi . Ming . Zhang . Chao . Yang . Chun-Sheng . Yang . Li . 16 January 2019 . Anti-neurofascin-155 antibody-positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders . Journal of the Neurological Sciences . 398 . 16–18 . 10.1016/j.jns.2019.01.024 . 30665067 . 58636411 . 0022-510X.
4. Stich O, Perera S, Berger B, Jarius S, Wildemann B, Baumgartner A, Rauer S . Prevalence of neurofascin-155 antibodies in patients with multiple sclerosis . Journal of the Neurological Sciences . March 2016 . 10.1016/j.jns.2016.03.004 . 27084211 . 364 . 29–32. 29204735 .
5. Web site: 2007-06-21 . Multiple Sclerosis Society Website - Welcome to the MS Society - lini… . 2022-06-29 . archive.ph.
6. Goncalves . Marcus Vinicius Magno . Fragoso . Yara Dadalti . 2019-04-08 . The involvement of anti-neurofascin 155 antibodies in central and peripheral demyelinating diseases . Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation . en . 6 . 6 . 10.20517/2347-8659.2019.08 . 146038130 . 2347-8659. free .
7. Kawamura . Nobutoshi . Yamasaki . Ryo . Yonekawa . Tomomi . Matsushita . Takuya . Kusunoki . Susumu . Nagayama . Shigemi . Fukuda . Yasuo . Ogata . Hidenori . Matsuse . Dai . Murai . Hiroyuki . Kira . Jun-ichi . 2013-08-20 . Anti-neurofascin antibody in patients with combined central and peripheral demyelination . Neurology . en . 81 . 8 . 714–722 . 10.1212/WNL.0b013e3182a1aa9c . 0028-3878 . 23884033. 20359260 .
8. 9497231 . 2022 . Gupta . N. . Shirani . A. . Arcot Jayagopal . L. . Piccione . E. . Hartman . E. . Zabad . R. K. . Anti-Neurofascin Antibodies Associated with White Matter Diseases of the Central Nervous System: A Red Flag or a Red Herring? . Brain Sciences . 12 . 9 . 1124 . 10.3390/brainsci12091124 . free . 36138860 .
9. Anti-Neurofascin 155 Antibody-Positive Chronic Inflammatory Demyelinating Polyneuropathy/Combined Central and Peripheral Demyelination: Strategies for Diagnosis and Treatment Based on the Disease Mechanism. Jun-ichi. Kira. January 22, 2021. Frontiers in Neurology. 12. 10.3389/fneur.2021.665136. free . 34177770 . 8222570 .
10. Anti-neurofascin autoantibody and demyelination. Jun-ichi. Kira. Ryo. Yamasaki. Hidenori. Ogata. November 1, 2019. Neurochemistry International. 130. 104360. 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.011. 30582947 . free.
11. Meinl . Edgar . Derfuss . Tobias . Krumbholz . Markus . Pröbstel . Anne-Katrin . Hohlfeld . Reinhard . 6 September 2010 . Humoral autoimmunity in multiple sclerosis . Journal of the Neurological Sciences . 306 . 1–2 . 180–182 . 10.1016/j.jns.2010.08.009 . 20817206 . 22349060 . 0022-510X.