The 180th meridian or antimeridian[1] is the meridian 180° both east and west of the prime meridian in a geographical coordinate system. The longitude at this line can be given as either east or west.
On Earth, the prime and 180th meridians form a great circle that divides the planet into the Western and Eastern Hemispheres. The antimeridian passes mostly through the open waters of the Pacific Ocean but also runs across land in Russia, Fiji, and Antarctica. An important function of this meridian is its use as the basis for the International Date Line, which snakes around national borders to maintain date consistency within the territories of Russia, the United States, Kiribati, Fiji and New Zealand.
Starting at the North Pole of the Earth and heading south to the South Pole, the 180th meridian passes through:
| Co-ordinates (approximate) | Country, territory or sea | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Arctic Ocean | North Pole | ||
| Chukotka Autonomous Okrug — Wrangel Island | |||
| Chukchi Sea | |||
| Chukotka Autonomous Okrug | |||
| Bering Sea | |||
| Amchitka Pass | Passing just east of Semisopochnoi Island, Alaska, (at) | ||
| Pacific Ocean | Passing just east of Nukulaelae atoll, (at) Passing just west of the island of Cikobia-i-Lau, (at) | ||
| Islands of Vanua Levu, Rabi, and Taveuni | |||
| Pacific Ocean | Passing just east of the island of Moala, (at) Passing just west of the island of Totoya, (at) Passing just east of the island of Matuku, (at) | ||
| Southern Ocean | |||
| Antarctica | Ross Dependency, claimed by | ||
| Antarctica | Amundsen–Scott South Pole Station, South Pole |
The meridian also passes between (but not particularly close to):
The only places where roads cross this meridian are in Fiji and Russia. Fiji has several such roads and some buildings very close to it. Russia has three roads in the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug.
Many geographic software libraries or data formats project the world to a rectangle; very often this rectangle is split exactly at the 180th meridian. This often makes it non-trivial to do simple tasks (like representing an area, or a line) over the 180th meridian. Some examples: