Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr. Explained

Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr.
Order:14th
Ambassador From:United States
Country:Spain
Term Start:May 25, 1961
Term End:October 12, 1961
Predecessor:John Davis Lodge
Successor:Robert F. Woodward
President:John F. Kennedy
Order1:1st
Ambassador From1:United States
Country1:Czechoslovakia
Term Start1:July 12, 1943
Term End1:December 1, 1943
President1:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Predecessor1:Himself (as Minister)
Successor1:Laurence A. Steinhardt
Order2:1st
Ambassador From2:United States
Country2:Yugoslavia
Term Start2:November 3, 1942
Term End2:September 28, 1943
President2:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Predecessor2:Himself (as Minister)
Successor2:Lincoln MacVeagh
Order3:1st
Ambassador From3:United States
Country3:Greece
Term Start3:October 30, 1942
Term End3:March 16, 1943
Predecessor3:Himself (as Minister)
Successor3:Alexander Comstock Kirk
Order4:1st
President3:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Ambassador From4:United States
Country4:Norway
Term Start4:May 13, 1942
Term End4:December 1, 1943
Predecessor4:Himself (as Minister)
Successor4:Lithgow Osborne
President4:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Order5:1st
Ambassador From5:United States
Country5:Netherlands
Term Start5:May 8, 1942
Term End5:December 1, 1943
Predecessor5:Himself (as Minister)
Successor5:Stanley Hornbeck
President5:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Order6:22nd
Minister From6:United States
Country6:Greece
Term Start6:November 28, 1941
Term End6:October 30, 1942
Predecessor6:Lincoln MacVeagh
Successor6:Himself (as Ambassador)
President6:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Order7:7th
Minister From7:United States
Country7:Czechoslovakia
Term Start7:October 28, 1941
Term End7:July 12, 1943
Predecessor7:Wilbur J. Carr
Successor7:Himself (as Ambassador)
President7:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Order8:5th
Minister From8:United States
Country8:Yugoslavia
Term Start8:October 3, 1941
Term End8:October 3, 1942
Predecessor8:Arthur Bliss Lane
Successor8:Himself (as Ambassador)
President8:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Order9:30th
Minister From9:United States
Country9:Netherlands
Term Start9:March 27, 1941
Term End9:May 8, 1942
Predecessor9:George A. Gordon
Successor9:Himself (as Ambassador)
President9:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Order10:9th
Ambassador From10:United States
Country10:Belgium
Term Start10:March 24, 1941
Term End10:December 1, 1943
Predecessor10:John Cudahy
Successor10:Charles W. Sawyer
President10:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Order11:7th and 9th
Minister From11:United States
Country11:Norway
Term Start11:March 20, 1941
Term End11:May 13, 1942
Predecessor11:Florence Harriman
Successor11:Himself (as Ambassador)
President11:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Term Start12:September 7, 1935
Term End12:May 21, 1937
Predecessor12:Hoffman Philip
Successor12:Florence Harriman
Order13:5th
Ambassador From13:United States
Country13:Poland
Term Start13:June 2, 1937
Term End13:December 1, 1943
Predecessor13:John Cudahy
Successor13:Arthur Bliss Lane
President13:Franklin D. Roosevelt
Birth Date:17 December 1897
Birth Place:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, US
Death Place:Washington, D.C., US
Resting Place:Arlington National Cemetery
Occupation:Soldier, diplomat
Spouse:
    Children:4, including Mary Duke Biddle
    Father:Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Sr.
    Serviceyears:1917–1919; 1944–1955
    Awards:is not set -->

    Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr. (December 17, 1897 – November 13, 1961) was an American diplomat who served as ambassador to several countries between the 1930s and 1961. He served in the United States Army during World War I and after World War II, reaching the rank of major general.[1]

    Early life

    Biddle was the son of millionaire Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Sr. (1874–1948), and Cordelia Rundell Bradley (1873–1947). A member of the Biddle family, he was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on December 17, 1897.His father, grandson of banker Anthony Joseph Drexel and great-grandson of banker Nicholas Biddle, was an eccentric boxing fan. When he was ten years old, the younger Biddle was in an exhibition match with Bob Fitzsimmons, who knocked him into a wall with a punch traveling about two inches.[2]

    He graduated from St. Paul's School in Concord, New Hampshire, but never attended college.[3]

    Career

    In World War I, he first enlisted as a private, and was promoted to rank of captain. In the 1920s he engaged in several business ventures, which were known as social successes but financial failures. For example, he managed Belgian boxer René deVos, and invested in the St. Regis Hotel. A party he held for the boxer at the hotel was marked by the loss of many bottles of fine champagne (at great expense due to prohibition in the United States). "Guests" even tried to wheel out the piano before it was retrieved.[3]

    Biddle also made a deal to rent part of Central Park in New York City and open an expensive nightclub called Central Park Casino. After the Wall Street Crash of 1929 many of his investments failed. The Casino was raided and shut down.[4]

    In 1931 he and other directors of the bankrupt Sonora Products Corporation of America (formerly Acoustic Products Company, in the phonograph and radio business) were sued by the Irving Trust Company. The directors were accused of diverting profits from stock sales into their own accounts. A district court dismissed the claims against the defendants, but the dismissal of Biddle and several others was reversed on appeal.[5] [6]

    Diplomatic career

    After Biddle was appointed Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to Norway on July 22, 1935, he settled the Irving case out of court to avoid a bond required before leaving the country to assume the post.[7] He presented his credentials on September 7, 1935. It was widely suspected he was a political appointee resulting from his support of the Democratic Party and George Howard Earle III, its 1934 successful candidate for Governor of Pennsylvania. However, his social skills made him and his wife ideally suited to being a diplomat.[3] [8]

    On May 4, 1937, he was promoted to Ambassador to Poland and presented his credentials in Warsaw, Poland on June 2, 1937.[9] In September 1939 Germany invaded Poland, which was a major cause of World War II. After Biddle's house was hit with bomb fragments, his family and embassy staff fled to various temporary quarters. After the escape, he joined the Polish government in exile in France until June 1940, when he and his wife Margaret received transit visas from the Portuguese consul Aristides de Sousa Mendes, in Bordeaux, and crossed into Portugal. They stayed in Estoril, at the Hotel Palácio, between 19 July and 31 July 1940.[10] On 1 August 1940, they boarded the S.S. Excalibur headed for New York City, arriving on 10 August.[11]

    On February 11, 1941, he also commissioned to the governments-in-exile of Belgium, Czechoslovakia, Greece, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, and Yugoslavia. Biddle arrived in London on March 14, 1941, and continued as ambassador through 1943.[9] During the period, he owned Saint Hill Manor in West Sussex, a country estate which was later sold to Church of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard.

    Later career

    In January 1944, Biddle resigned from the State Department and joined the Army as lieutenant colonel to serve on the staff of Dwight Eisenhower. His contacts with "underground" movements and free military units in occupied nations provided intelligence for the planning of Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of France.[12] He continued on Eisenhower's staff supervising European reconstruction after the war ended. In March 1951 he was promoted to brigadier general. At his promotion ceremony, Eisenhower pinned on one of Biddle's stars.

    In April 1955, he resigned from the Army to become Adjutant General of the Pennsylvania National Guard.[13] Nevertheless, as a member of the Army Reserve, he was promoted to major general in August.[14]

    In 1961, Biddle became the United States Ambassador to Spain, though he did not speak Spanish fluently;[15] in which he served until shortly before his death.[1]

    Personal life

    On June 16, 1915, Biddle married Mary Lillian Duke (1887–1960), a tobacco heiress who was the daughter of Benjamin Newton Duke.[16] They divorced in 1931 after having two children:

    His second wife, whom he married in 1931, was Margaret Thompson Schulze (d. 1956), the only child of mining magnate William Boyce Thompson and recent divorcee of Theodore M. Schulze, a New York banker. Through this marriage he had two stepchildren, (Margaret) Boyce Schulze and Theodore Schulze Jr, as well as a son before their divorce in 1945:[19]

    He married as his third wife, in 1946, Margaret Atkinson Loughborough (1915–2013), the former wife of William Ellery Loughborough[21] and had two more children:

    He died November 13, 1961, in Washington, D.C., at the Walter Reed Army Hospital.[1] He was interred at Arlington National Cemetery.[23] His cenotaph is at The Woodlands Cemetery in Philadelphia. After Biddle's death, she married, as her third husband, Colonel Edwinston Robbins.[24]

    Personal style

    A wealthy socialite, Biddle was known for being elegantly dressed. On October 4, 1943, he appeared on the cover of Life magazine.[25] The one published picture of Biddle without his impeccable suit was when he had to pack in a hurry to escape German bombers in Poland via Romania.[26] He was recognized in 1960 by George Frazier as one of the best dressed men in the US, on a short list with such stars as Fred Astaire. He was noted for his small number of fine custom-made suits[27] and his starched, horizontally-striped Charvet shirts.[28]

    Legacy

    His sister Cordelia Drexel Biddle wrote a book with Kyle Crichton about the family, focusing on her marriage with Angier Buchanan Duke who was the brother of Anthony's first wife. It was made into a play and the 1967 musical film The Happiest Millionaire.He was portrayed by Paul Petersen in the film.His nephew Angier Biddle Duke (1915–1995) also became a diplomat.[29] [30]

    Diplomatic posts

    His multiple appointments from 1941 to 1943 were to governments-in-exile in London.

    Orders, decorations and medals

    Note – Ambassador Drexel also received numerous foreign orders and decorations.

    Lawsuit

    External links

    Notes and References

    1. News: Anthony J. Drexel Biddle Dead; Ambassador to Spain Was 64; Envoy and Officer in World War II – Tributes Paid by Kennedy and Eisenhower . November 14, 1961 . The New York Times . July 8, 2018 . en.
    2. Letters to the editor . . October 25, 1943 . 2 . March 21, 2011 .
    3. Ambassador Biddle: As multiple envoy to governments-in-exile, he is foremost U.S. expert on postwar plans and problems of Europe's courageous little nations . Noel F. Busch . . October 4, 1943 . 106–114, 117–120 . March 21, 2011 .
    4. 398–399.
    5. Business & Finance: Suits . . July 20, 1931 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121107020626/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,742073-1,00.html . dead . November 7, 2012 . March 21, 2011 .
    6. Web site: Irving Trust Co. v. Deutsch: Circuit Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, 1934 73 F.2d 121 . March 21, 2011 .
    7. Foreign Service: Athletic Christian . . August 5, 1935 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101119105939/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,711672,00.html . dead . November 19, 2010 . March 20, 2011 .
    8. Do you know these U.S. Ambassadors? . . November 28, 1938 . 25 . March 21, 2011 .
    9. Web site: Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle (1897–1961) . Biography by office of the Historian . US Department of State . March 20, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110319205320/http://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/biddle-anthony-joseph-drexel-jr. 19 March 2011 . live.
    10. [Exiles Memorial Center]
    11. Ellis Island Passenger Registration Records.
    12. News: Biddle Resigns as Envoy to Exiles To Take Post With Invasion Army . New York Times . January 23, 1944 . March 20, 2011 .
    13. News: Biddle to Retire as Ridgway Aide: General, Former Ambassador, Slated to Head National Guard in Pennsylvania . New York Times . April 14, 1955 . Tony Leviero . March 20, 2011 .
    14. News: Reserve Officers Approved by Senate . August 2, 1955 . The New York Times . July 8, 2018 . en.
    15. News: Energetic Envoy; Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr. . February 25, 1961 . The New York Times . July 8, 2018 . en.
    16. News: Miss Duke's bridal party: Plans for Her Marriage to A. J. Drexel Biddle Jr. on June 16 . Plans have been completed for the wedding of Miss Mary Lillian Duke, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin N. Duke, and A. J. Dexter Biddle, Jr., son of Mr. and Mrs. A. J. Dester Biddle of Philadelphia, which is to take place on Wednesday afternoon, June 16 at 3 o'clock. . . May 13, 1915 . March 20, 2011 .
    17. News: Duke descendant dies at 91 :: WRAL.com . January 25, 2012 . WRAL.com . July 8, 2018 . en.
    18. News: Douglas Martin . Nicholas Duke Biddle, 83, Scion of Wealth Who Helped the Poor, Dies . . October 14, 2004 . March 16, 2011 .
    19. News: Margaret Biddle is Dead in Paris; American Heiress Wrote for U.S., French Publications – Shared in $85,000,000 Opened Home to Notables Honored in Yonkers Special to The New York Times. . 4 June 2018 . . 9 June 1956.
    20. News: Mrs. J. Borden Harriman, Ex-Envoy, Dies at 97 . New York Times . August 31, 1967 .
    21. News: Col. A.D. Biddle Jr. to Wed in Germany; Ex-Envoy Will Marry Today in Frankfort Mrs. Margaret A. Loughborough, UNRRA Aide . 4 June 2018 . . 11 July 1946.
    22. News: Family reunion article . The Philadelphia Inquirer . 20 October 1981 . 11 .
    23. https://ancexplorer.army.mil/publicwmv/#/arlington-national/search/results/1/CgZiaWRkbGUSB2FudGhvbnk-/ Burial Detail: Biddle, Anthony J
    24. News: Col. Edwinston Robbins Weds Mrs. Biddle in Philadelphia . 4 June 2018 . . January 2, 1969.
    25. Tony Biddle . Hans Wild . October 4, 1943 . . Front cover photo.
    26. U.S. Ambassador Bidle flees Poland after a 250-mile race against death from low-flying German warplanes . . November 28, 1938 . 29 . March 21, 2011 .
    27. News: The Art of Wearing Clothes . . George Frazier . George Frazier (journalist). September 1960 . March 20, 2011 .
    28. Web site: Icon, Icon A.J. . Easy and Elegant Life. June 22, 2009. September 30, 2011.
    29. News: Richard Severo . Angier Biddle Duke, 79, an Ambassador And Scion of Tobacco Family, Has Died . . May 1, 1995 . March 22, 2011 .
    30. Web site: A Washington Duke genealogy as it pertains to Duke University . March 22, 2011. https://web.archive.org/web/20110305122212/http://library.duke.edu/uarchives/history/duke_wash-genea.html. 5 March 2011 . live.