| António Ramalho Eanes | |
| Office: | President of Portugal |
| Term Start: | 14 July 1976 |
| Term End: | 9 March 1986 |
| Primeminister: | Mário Soares Alfredo Nobre da Costa Carlos Mota Pinto Maria de Lurdes Pintasilgo Francisco Sá Carneiro Francisco Pinto Balsemão Aníbal Cavaco Silva |
| Predecessor: | Francisco da Costa Gomes |
| Successor: | Mário Soares |
| Office1: | President of the Democratic Renewal Party |
| Term Start1: | 19 August 1986 |
| Term End1: | 5 August 1987[1] |
| Vicepresident1: | Hermínio Martinho |
| Predecessor1: | Hermínio Martinho |
| Successor1: | Hermínio Martinho |
| Office2: | President of the Revolutionary Council |
| Term Start2: | 14 July 1976 |
| Term End2: | 30 September 1982 |
| Predecessor2: | Francisco da Costa Gomes |
| Successor2: | Office abolished |
| Office3: | Chief of the Armed Forces General Staff |
| Term Start3: | 14 July 1976 |
| Term End3: | 16 February 1981 |
| Predecessor3: | Francisco da Costa Gomes |
| Successor3: | Nuno de Melo Egídio |
| Office4: | Chief of the Army General Staff |
| Term Start4: | 6 December 1975 |
| Term End4: | 14 July 1976 |
| Predecessor4: | Carlos Soares Fabião |
| Successor4: | Vasco Rocha Vieira |
| Office5: | Chair of Radio and Television of Portugal |
| Term Start5: | 28 October 1974 |
| Term End5: | 11 March 1975 |
| Predecessor5: | Casimiro Gomes |
| Successor5: | João António de Figueiredo |
| Birth Name: | António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes |
| Birth Date: | 25 January 1935 |
| Birth Place: | Alcains, Castelo Branco, Portugal |
| Children: | 2 |
| Party: | Independent (1974–1986; 1991–present) |
| Otherparty: | Democratic Renewal Party (1986–1991) |
| Alma Mater: | Military Academy |
| Allegiance: |  Portugal |
| Serviceyears: | 1952–1986 |
| Rank: | General |
| Battles: | Portuguese Colonial War |
| Signature: | AssinaturaRamalhoEanes.svg |
| Term Start6: | 13 August 1987 |
| Term End6: | 3 November 1991[2] [3] |
| Constituency6: | Lisbon |
António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes (pronounced as /pt-PT/; born 25 January 1935) is a Portuguese general and politician who was the 16th president of Portugal from 1976 to 1986.
Born at Alcains, Castelo Branco, he is the son of Manuel dos Santos Eanes, a general contractor, and Maria do Rosário Ramalho.[4]
After a long military career in the Portuguese Colonial Wars, Eanes was stationed in Portuguese Angola when the 25 April revolution of 1974 took place. He joined the Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA or Armed Forces Movement) and after returning to Portugal was made president of RTP (Portuguese public television). He ordered the military operations against the pro-communist radical faction of the MFA on 25 November 1975, an event known as the 25 de Novembro, ending that year's "hot summer" (Verão quente).[5] [6]
In 1976 he was elected President of Portugal. At the end of 1980 he was re-elected, serving until March 1986. After his presidency, he headed the Democratic Renewal Party (Portuguese: Partido Renovador Democrático), and continued to support the Social Democratic Party (PSD) minority government until 1987. He resigned in 1987 after being defeated by PSD in the legislative election.[7]
He is a member of the Portuguese Council of State, as a former elected president of Portugal.
He rejected any suggestion of becoming a Marshal, considering the title unnecessary.
Collar (Athir) of the National Order of Merit (29 May 2005)
Grand Cordon of the Order of Leopold (7 June 1982)
BulgariaSash of the Order of the Stara Planina (15 July 1980)
Grand Cross of the Order of Merit (16 May 1984)
Knight of the Order of the Elephant (24 January 1985)
Grand Collar of the Order of Timor-Leste (6 August 2012)
Grand Cordon of the Order of the Nile (28 March 1984)
Grand Cross of the National Order of Legion of Honour (5 March 1979)
Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (15 July 1980)
Grand Cross of the Order of Honour (7 February 1986)
Collar of the Order of Pope Pius IX (18 July 1980)
First Class with diamonds of the Order of the Flag of the People's Republic of Hungary (15 July 1980)
Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of the Falcon (24 November 1983)
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic (3 November 1980)
Knight of the Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau (2 January 1985)
First Class of the Order of Friendship and Peace (28 September 1983)
Grand Cross with Collar of the Order of St. Olav (3 July 1980)
Grand Cross of the Order of the Star of Romania (15 July 1980)
Collar with swords of the Order pro merito Melitensi (29 April 1983)
United KingdomGrand Cordon of the National Order of the Leopard (5 January 1984)
He married at the Palace of Queluz on 28 October 1970 to Maria Manuela Duarte Neto Portugal (b. 29 December 1938), who was one of Portugal's most politically active First Ladies. They had two sons, Manuel António (b. 5 May 1972) and Miguel (b. 20 October 1977).
See main article: 1976 Portuguese presidential election. |-! colspan="2" |Candidate! Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |António Ramalho Eanes || 2,967,137 || 61.6|-| style="background:#810000;"|| align=left |Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho || 792,760 || 16.5|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |José Pinheiro de Azevedo || 692,147 || 14.4|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Octávio Pato || 365,586 || 7.6|-| colspan="2" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 63,495 || – |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="2" align="left"| Turnout| 4,881,125 || 75.47|-| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[10] |}
See main article: 1980 Portuguese presidential election. |-! colspan="2" |Candidate! Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |António Ramalho Eanes || 3,262,520 || 56.4|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |António Soares Carneiro || 2,325,481 || 40.2|-| style="background:#810000;"|| align=left |Otelo Saraiva de Carvalho || 85,896 || 1.5|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |Carlos Galvão de Melo || 48,468 || 0.8|-| style="background:;"|| align=left |António Pires Veloso || 45,132 || 0.8|-| style="background:red;"|| align=left |António Aires Rodrigues || 12,745 || 0.2|-| colspan="2" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 60,090 || – |- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="2" align="left"| Turnout| 5,840,332 || 84.39|-| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[11] |}
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"! align="center" colspan=2 style="width: 60px"|Candidate! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%|-|bgcolor=|| align=left | António Ramalho Eanes| colspan="2" align=right | Voice vote|-|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan=2 style="text-align:left;" | Turnout| align=right || align=right | 100.0|-| colspan="4" align=left|Source: Results[12] |}
See main article: 1987 Portuguese legislative election. |-! colspan="2" | Party! Candidate! Votes! align="center" style="width: 50px"|%! align="center" style="width: 50px"|Seats! align="center" style="width: 50px"|+/−|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PSD| align=left |Aníbal Cavaco Silva || 2,850,784 || 50.2 || 148 || style="color:green;"| +60|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"|PS| align=left |Vítor Constâncio || 1,262,506 || 22.2 || 60 || style="color:green;"| +3|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDU| align=left |Álvaro Cunhal || 689,137 || 12.1 || 31 || style="color:red;"| –7|-| style="background:green;"|| align="left"| PRD| align=left |António Ramalho Eanes || 278,561 || 4.9 || 7 || style="color:red;"| –38|-| style="background:;"|| align="left"| CDS| align=left |Adriano Moreira || 251,987 || 4.4 || 4 || style="color:red;"| –18|-| style="background:white;"|| colspan="2" align="left"| Other parties| 219,715 || 3.9 || 0 || ±0|-| colspan="3" align="left"| Blank/Invalid ballots | 123,668 || 2.2 || – || –|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"| colspan="3" align="left"| Turnout| 5,676,358 || 71.57 || 250 || ±0|-| colspan="7" align=left|Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições[13] |}
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