| Anshun | |
| Settlement Type: | Prefecture-level city |
| Native Name: | 安顺市 |
| Native Name Lang: | zh-Hans |
| Pushpin Map: | Guizhou#Southwest China#China |
| Pushpin Map Caption: | Location of the city center in Guizhou |
| Subdivision Type: | Country |
| Subdivision Name: | People's Republic of China |
| Subdivision Type1: | Province |
| Subdivision Name1: | Guizhou |
| Seat Type: | Municipal seat |
| Seat: | Xixiu District |
| Area Footnotes: | [1] |
| Area Total Km2: | 9269 |
| Area Urban Km2: | 1724.24 |
| Area Metro Km2: | 1724.24 |
| Population As Of: | 2010 census |
| Population Footnotes: | [2] |
| Population Total: | 2,297,339 |
| Population Density Km2: | auto |
| Population Metro: | 765,313 |
| Population Density Metro Km2: | auto |
| Population Urban: | 765,313 |
| Population Density Urban Km2: | auto |
| Demographics Type2: | GDP[3] |
| Demographics2 Title1: | Prefecture-level city |
| Demographics2 Info1: | CN¥ 96.7 billion US$ 14.0 billion |
| Demographics2 Title2: | Per capita |
| Demographics2 Info2: | CN¥ 39,160 US$ 5,678 |
| Timezone: | China Standard |
| Utc Offset: | +8 |
| Coor Pinpoint: | Anshun municipal government |
| Coordinates: | 26.2531°N 105.9476°W |
| Elevation M: | 1380 |
| Postal Code: | 561000 |
| Area Code: | 0851 |
| Iso Code: | CN-GZ-04 |
Anshun is a prefecture-level city located in southwestern Guizhou province, southwest China, near the Huangguoshu Waterfall, the tallest in China. As of the 2010 census, it had a population of 2,297,339. The city proper had a population of 765,313. Within the prefecture are attractions such as The Long Gong Dragon Caves and the Getu River.
During the Warring States period, the area belonged to the independent kingdom of Yelang.[4] The Records of the Grand Historian states that of all the independent kingdoms in the area, Yelang was the largest. The kingdom was located along Zangke River (now called Beipan River), and Nanpan River. Bamboo Worship, Cow Totems, bullfights and dogfights were the culture traditions of the Yelang Empire. In 111 BCE, Yelang was conquered by the Han dynasty, and incorporated as . From 28 BCE to 25 BCE, an insurrection against Emperor Cheng called for the reinstatement of the Yelang Kingdom, but was crushed by Han forces.
In the Three Kingdoms period, the area was split between the county of Yelang and the county of within Yi Province.
Under the Jin dynasty, the area of present-day Anshun would fall under the jurisdiction of Guangtan County within Yi Province.
During the Sui dynasty, the area belonged to Binhua County, located within Zangke Commandery, .
This organization of the region remained intact until the latter portion of the Tang dynasty, when it was re-organized under the . The area would remain under the Puning Commandery until 1292, when, under the Yuan dynasty, the area would fall under, which it would remain under until 1372.
was established during the early Ming dynasty to govern the region, and would remain until 1602, when it was replaced by the Anshun Military and Civil Administration . The area was incorporated into the Qing dynasty in 1658, and a new was established. In April 1638, Xu Xiake, the greatest travel writer and geographer of ancient China, traveled to Anshun.[5]
In 1673, the area became engulfed under the Revolt of the Three Feudatories, during which, significant fighting took place in Anshun.
The Anshun Prefecture would remain until January 15, 1913, when the Republic of China revoked the prefecture system. After a short-lived implementation of a county to govern Anshun, the city was placed under, until reverting to the county system.
In 1950, was established, governing 6 county-level divisions.[6] In 1958, Anshun County was upgraded to serve as a county-level city. In 1970, Anshun Prefecture was re-organized as Anshun Area, which it would remain until June 23, 2000, when it was re-organized as a prefecture-level city.
Anshun's administrative area spans latitude 25° 21′−26° 38′ N and longitude 105° 13′−106° 34′ E and contains sizeable areas of karst formation. It borders Guiyang, the provincial capital, and Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture to the east, Liupanshui to the west, Qianxinan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture to the south, and Bijie to the north. Within the prefecture, the elevation ranges from 1102mto1694mm (3,615feetto5,558feetm).
Anshun has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) bordering on a subtropical highland climate (Köppen Cwb), tempered by its rather high altitude and having frequent rain (falling on just over half of the days of the year) and high humidity year-round. Winters are short, cool and damp, while summers are very warm. The monthly 24-hour mean temperature ranges from 4.5°C in January to 22°C in July, and the annual mean is 14.22°C. Over two-thirds of the annual rainfall occurs from May to August.
Anshun administers one district, two counties, and three autonomous counties. In addition, there are two other administrative areas:the Anshun Economic Development Zone (Chinese: 安顺经济开发区)and the national-level Huangguoshu Scenic Area (Chinese: 黄果树风景名胜区).
| Map | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Division code[7] | English name | Simp. Chinese | Trad. Chinese | Pinyin | Area in km2[8] | Seat | Postal code | Divisions[9] | ||||||
| Subdistricts | Towns | Townships | Ethnic townships | Residential communities | Villages | |||||||||
| 520400 | Anshun | 9253.06 | 561000 | 7 | 44 | 36 | 11 | 106 | 1837 | |||||
| 520402 | Xixiu District | Chinese: 西秀区 | Chinese: 西秀區 | 1724.24 | Dongguan Subdistrict (Chinese: 东关街道) | 561000 | 7 | 10 | 7 | 5 | 57 | 498 | ||
| 520403 | Pingba District | Chinese: 平坝区 | Chinese: 平壩區 | 985.49 | Anping Subdistrict (Chinese: 安平街道) | 561100 | 2 | 7 | 2 | 17 | 193 | |||
| 520422 | Puding County | Chinese: 普定县 | Chinese: 普定縣 | 1090.49 | Chengguan (Chinese: 城关镇) | 562100 | 5 | 6 | 4 | 10 | 317 | |||
| 520423 | Zhenning Buyei and Miao Autonomous County | Chinese: 镇宁布依族苗族自治县 | Chinese: 鎮寧布依族苗族自治縣 | 1709.42 | Chengguan (Chinese: 城关镇) | 561200 | 8 | 8 | 6 | 365 | ||||
| 520424 | Guanling Buyei and Miao Autonomous County | Chinese: 关岭布依族苗族自治县 | Chinese: 關嶺布依族苗族自治縣 | 1470.49 | Guansuo Subdistrict (Chinese: 关索街道) | 561300 | 8 | 5 | 8 | 241 | ||||
| 520425 | Ziyun Miao and Buyei Autonomous County | Chinese: 紫云苗族布依族自治县 | Chinese: 紫雲苗族布依族自治縣 | 2272.94 | Songshan (Chinese: 松山镇) | 550800 | 5 | 7 | 6 | 223 | ||||
| Note: Xixiu District includes one subdistrict and two towns of the Anshun Economic Development Zone, while the two towns of Huangguoshu Scenic Area, Huangguoshu (Chinese: 黄果树镇) and Baishui (Chinese: 白水镇), are administered by Zhenning and Guanling Counties, respectively. | ||||||||||||||
As of 2019, the city's GDP totaled 92.394 billion Yuan, an increase of 8.1% from 2018.[10] 17.0% of the city's GDP came from the primary sector, 31.7% from the secondary sector, and 51.3% from the tertiary sector.
Major agricultural products grown in Anshun include rice, yams, maize, rapeseed, watermelons, and various vegetables. The city is also home to a sizable animal husbandry industry, which produces mostly pork, but also significant amounts of beef, poultry, and mutton.
Anshun's industry produces both consumer goods and intermediate goods. Major consumer goods produced in the city include detergent, various paper products, liquors, Chinese traditional medicine, and mobile phones. Major intermediate goods produced in the city include construction materials such as stone and cement, raw aluminium, barium salt, and rolling bearings.
In recent years, the city has played an important role in the development of military aircraft, with significant production taking place in the city, and with Anshun Huangguoshu Airport serving as a testing ground for new military aircraft.[11] [12] In 2019, the city government announced an initiative to further increase the city's aerospace industry over the next few years.[13]
| Name | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Residence population[14] (Nov. 2010) | Hukou population [15] (end of 2010) | ||||
| Total | % | Population density (persons/km2) | |||
| Anshun | 2297339 | 100 | 247.91 | 2797871 | |
| Xixiu District | 765313 | 33.31 | 449.13 | 868669 | |
| Pingba County | 298034 | 12.97 | 298.33 | 353777 | |
| Puding County | 378288 | 16.47 | 346.42 | 459605 | |
| Zhenning Buyei and Miao Autonomous County | 283880 | 12.36 | 165.05 | 381192 | |
| Guanling Buyei and Miao Autonomous County | 301562 | 13.13 | 205.42 | 366814 | |
| Ziyun Miao and Buyei Autonomous County | 270262 | 11.76 | 118.33 | 367814 |
According to the Sixth National Population Census of the People's Republic of China conducted in 2010, the residence population was 2,297,339, a reduction of 34,402 (1.48%) from the Fifth Census in 2000. The male-female ratio was 107.34 males per 100 females. Persons aged 0 - 14 numbered 580,910 (25.29%), 15–64 numbered 1,516,977 (66.03%), and 65+ numbered at 199,452 (8.68%). The urban population was 690,138 (only 30.04%).
Among the residence population, there were 1,466,833 people of Han ethnicity (63.85%), with members of various other ethnic groups taking up the other 36.15%.
The city is home to a significant number of Tunpo People, many of whom live in Tianlong Tunbao town.
The city sits on the, a section on the Shanghai-Kunming railway.[16] Anshun West railway station serves as a stop on the Shanghai–Kunming high-speed railway, as well as one of two terminals on the Anshun–Liupanshui intercity railway.[17]
Anshun Huangguoshu Airport is located in the city. The airport is a dual-use facilities, offering civilian as well as military air services.[18] The airport's destinations include Chongqing, Guangzhou and Beijing's Daxing Airport. Most travelers choose to use Guiyang Longdongbao International Airport and take a coach between there and Anshun.
The G60 Shanghai–Kunming Expressway and National Highway 320 both run through Anshun.
Anshun Normal University is the largest local institution of higher education, hosting Peace Corps Volunteer TEFL teachers since 2005.
Tourist attractions and landmarks in Anshun include:
The mountain lies in Tunbao tourist site. It has a history of approximately 421 years. It is the only one ancient architectural complex in Guizhou Province which is the imitation of Song-dynasty-style. The architectural complex is called The Epic of Stone Architectural. Ming general Wu Sangui once resided here.
Anshun Batiks are a traditional folk Chinese handicraft art of Buyi Minority. People use wax pen to draw various patterns on white cloth such as flowers, birds and some strange shapes. Then, the cloth will be dipped dyeing in the indigotin. Finally, the patterns will be white shapes on a blue ground. Baktis can be used to make dresses and some other daily used things.
Dixi Opera is called the "living fossil of Chinese Opera". The acting style is singing and dancing. The main feature is that all actors wear the xylographic masks and sing the opera which are the ancient style.