Ansar Bait al-Maqdis explained

Ansar Bayt Al-Maqdis (ABM)
Native Name:	أنصار بيت المقدس
Native Name Lang:	ar
War:	the Sinai insurgency and Gaza–Israel conflict
Active:	2011–10 November 2014^[1]
Ideology:	Ideology of Islamic State (since 2014) Salafism Salafist jihadism Anti-Zionism
Leaders:	Waleed Waked^[2] Ibrahim Mohamed Freg^[3] Shadi el-Manaei^[4]
Headquarters:	Sinai Peninsula
Area:	Egypt ^[5] ^[6]
Size:	1,000–2,000^[7] (before merger with ISIL)
Successor:	Wilayat Sinai (in Sinai) Sheikh Omar Hadid Brigade (in Gaza)
Allies:	Al-Qaeda (formerly until 2014) Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (present 2014)^[8]
Opponents:	Egypt Israel Al-Qaeda (from 2014)
Battles:	Sinai insurgency

Ansar Bait al-Maqdis (ABM; Arabic: أَنْصَارُ بَيْتِ الْمَقْدِس|Anṣār Bayt al-Maqdis|lit=[[Ansar (Islam)|Supporters]] of the [[Temple in Jerusalem|Holy House]]^[9]), or Ansar Al-Quds^[10], was a jihadist, extremist terrorist group based in Sinai from 2011 to 2014.

Ansar Bait al-Maqdis was linked to al-Qaeda from 2011 to 2014. It operated in the Sinai Peninsula, focused its efforts on Egypt and the gas pipeline to Jordan, with a handful attacks directed at Israel. In mid-2013, it began a campaign of attacks on Egyptian security forces, and in November 2014 the group pledged allegiance to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL).^[1] Most of the group became a branch of ISIL, renaming itself ISIL-Sinai Province.

Overview

ABM emerged from a number of indigenous Salafi jihadist groups in the Sinai Peninsula. Some of these groups had ties to Salafi jihadis in Gaza or leaders that had previously fought abroad, including with al-Qaeda.^[11]

ABM rose from the chaos in Sinai that began with the uprising in January 2011. Its operations increased in the wake of the 2013 Egyptian coup d'état, shifting its main target from Israel to Egyptian security forces,^[12] declaring the Egyptian army and police apostates that can be killed.^[13]

ABM was believed to have been the main group behind terrorist activity in the Sinai.^[14] From September 2013 to late January 2014, ABM claimed responsibility for a rapid succession of mass scale attacks throughout Egypt, including the attempted assassination of the Egyptian interior minister Mohamed Ibrahim.^[11] ABM recruited Bedouins as well as other Egyptians and people of other nationalities.^[14] Ten leaders from the group were reported to have escaped from the Sinai to Gaza and Marsa Matrouh in late 2013.^[15]

During 2014, ABM sent emissaries to ISIL in Syria to seek financial support, weapons and tactical advice.^[16] On 10 November 2014, many members of ABM took an oath of allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the leader of ISIL.^[17] Following this pledge, ISIL supporters within ABM formed an official branch of ISIL in the region,^{[18] [19]} known as Wilayat Sinai, the Sinai Province of the Islamic State (or ISIL-SP).^[11]

Designation as a terrorist organization

ABM or ISIL-SP was designated a terrorist organization by Egypt,^[20] the UAE,^[21] the United Kingdom,^[22] and the United States.^[23]

Attacks

Attacks claimed by or attributed to ABM include:

• bombing of the gas pipelines Egypt to Israel and Jordan multiple times.^{[24] [25]}
• September 2012 southern Israel cross-border attack.^[9]
• September 2013 assassination attempt on the minister of interior Mohamed Ibrahim Moustafa.^[26]
• October 2013 attack on a military intelligence building in Ismailia.^[27]
• November 2013, assassination of Mohamed Mabrouk, a security officer involved in the trial against Mohamed Morsi, who was shot dead outside his home in Nasr City.^[28]
• 24 December 2013 bombing of a police compound in Mansoura, killing at least 16 people, including 14 police officers.^[29]
• 31 January 2014, a rocket was launched from the Sinai Peninsula aimed at Eilat, Israel. The Iron Dome system intercepted the rocket.^[30]
• 20 January 2014 attack in Eilat. No damage or injuries were reported.^[31]
• 23 January 2014 attack on a police checkpoint in Beni Suef that killed 5 people.^[32]
• January 2014 Cairo bombings that took place in late January 2014,^[33] though it later indicated that the Soldiers of Egypt group was behind one of the bombings.^[34]
• 25 January 2014 shooting down of a military helicopter in the Sinai.^[35]
• 28 January 2014 assassination of Mohamed Al-Saied (who was a member of Egypt's Interior Ministry).^[36]
• 31 January 2014 attempted attack on Eilat. The rocket was intercepted by the Iron Dome system.^[37]
• 16 February 2014 Taba bus bombing that killed four people, including three Korean tourists and an Egyptian bus driver.^[38] The group warned all tourists to leave Egypt before 20 February 2014.^[39]
• 2 May 2014 attacks that killed 3 people in the Sinai.^[40]
  • on 19 July 2014 Ansar Bait al-Maqdis ambushed Egyptian army soldiers, this event is knows as the 2014 Farafra ambush on 28 August 2014 ABM released a video showing the beheading of 4 Egyptians accused of being Mossad spies and providing Israel with intelligence.^[41]
• late September 2014 killing of 6 security personnel.^[42]
• On 8 October 2014, a faction of ABM in the Gaza Strip, calling itself the Islamic State of Gaza, launched a bomb attack on the French Cultural Center in the city of Gaza, only to issue a statement several hours later denying any responsibility for the attack.
• ABM released a graphic propaganda video claiming responsibility for the 24 October 2014 Sinai attacks that killed 28 soldiers northwest of the town of Arish. The group was also responsible for a drive-by shooting several hours later at a checkpoint in Arish that killed three soldiers.^[43]

After November 2014, attacks by the group were claimed as those of ISIL-SP.

See also

• Sinai insurgency
• Timeline of the Sinai insurgency

References

• Global Terrorism Database: List of Ansar Bait al-Maqdis attacks.

Notes and References

1. Web site: Militant Group in Egypt Vows Loyalty to ISIS. New York Times. 23 November 2014. 10 November 2014. 21 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180921154744/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/world/middleeast/egyptian-militant-group-pledges-loyalty-to-isis.html?_r=2. live.
2. News: Egypt arrests Sinai leading militant. 17 October 2014. 10 November 2014. Xinhua News Agency. 28 February 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150228160252/http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/xinhua-news-agency/141017/egypt-arrests-sinai-leading-militant. live.
3. News: Egypt kills senior leader of Ansar Beit al-Maqdis. Worldbulletin. 10 December 2013. 26 December 2013. 1 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181001130030/https://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=124650. live.
4. News: North Sinai tribal leader kills 4 Islamist militants. Mada Masr. 2 August 2014. 28 November 2014. 8 August 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140808052934/http://www.madamasr.com/content/north-sinai-tribal-leader-kills-4-islamist-militants. live.
5. Web site: ISIS Now Has Military Allies in 11 Countries -- NYMag. Daily Intelligencer. 25 November 2014. 25 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181225121432/http://nymag.com/intelligencer/2014/11/isis-now-has-military-allies-in-11-countries.html?gtm=bottom&gtm=bottom. live.
6. News: IS claims responsibility for Gaza's French Cultural Centre blast, reports. 9 October 2014. Middle East Eye. 8 October 2014. 27 January 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190127041711/https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/claims-responsibility-gaza-s-french-cultural-centre-blast-1790519098. live.
7. Web site: Interior Ministry analyzes Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis statement over assassination attempt. State Information Services. 10 September 2013. 26 December 2013. 13 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150713102624/http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/Templates/Articles/tmpArticleNews.aspx?ArtID=69939. live.
8. Web site: Will ISIS find fertile ground in Egypt's Sinai? - Al-Monitor: the Pulse of the Middle East. Al-Monitor. 3 August 2015. 11 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150611031054/http://www.al-monitor.com/pulse/originals/2014/06/egypt-sinai-isis-connection-ansar-bayt-al-maqdis.html. live.
9. Web site: Jihadist group claims responsibility for Israel attack. Daily News Egypt. 23 September 2012. 19 December 2013. 12 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150712174812/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2012/09/23/egyptian-jihadist-group-claims-responsibility-for-israel-attack/. live.
10. Web site: Egyptian tanks, helicopters push through Sinai. Times of Israel. 9 September 2012. 19 December 2013. 1 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181001163222/http://www.timesofisrael.com/egyptian-tanks-helicopters-push-through-sinai/. live.
11. Web site: Wilayat Sinai: The Islamic State's Egyptian Affiliat . https://web.archive.org/web/20170516213646/http://www.inss.org.il/uploadImages/systemFiles/Wilayat%20Sinai%20The%20Islamic%20State%E2%80%99s%20Egyptian%20Affiliate%20%20Zack%20Gold.pdf . dead . 16 May 2017 . inss . 2 April 2016 .
12. Web site: Egypt faces new threat in al-Qaida-linked group Ansar Beyt al-Maqdis. The Guardian. 31 January 2014. 25 February 2014. 23 June 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140623010238/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/jan/31/egypt-alqaida-terrorist-threat-ansar-beyt-almaqdis. live.
13. Web site: Awad. Mokhtar. Tadros. Samuel. Bay'a Remorse? Wilayat Sinai and the Nile Valley. Combating Terrorism Center. 10 October 2015. 21 August 2015. 29 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150929054059/https://www.ctc.usma.edu/posts/baya-remorse-wilayat-sinai-and-the-nile-valley. dead.
14. News: Single terror group responsible for most attacks in Sinai, intelligence sources say. Times of Israel. 3 October 2012. 19 December 2013. 15 December 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181215072744/http://www.timesofisrael.com/one-terror-network-responsible-for-most-attacks-in-south-intelligence-sources/. live.
15. Web site: Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis members escape to Gaza, Marsa Matrouh. Egypt Independent. 9 December 2013. 19 December 2013. 7 February 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170207021447/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/ansar-bayt-al-maqdis-members-escape-gaza-marsa-matrouh. live.
16. News: Islamic State Sprouting Limbs Beyond Its Base. The New York Times. 14 February 2015. 30 March 2015. 8 July 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180708020317/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/15/world/middleeast/islamic-state-sprouting-limbs-beyond-mideast.html?_r=1. live.
17. Web site: Egypt jihadists vow loyalty to IS as Iraq probes leader's fate. 10 November 2014. AFP. 14 January 2017. 3 April 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190403154135/https://news.yahoo.com/egypts-main-jihadist-group-pledges-allegiance-islamic-state-060836737.html. live.
18. Web site: The Islamic State's Archipelago of Provinces. Washington Institute for Near East Policy. 14 November 2014. 13 March 2015. 22 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141222204803/http://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/view/the-islamic-states-archipelago-of-provinces. live.
19. Web site: Sinai-based jihadist group rebranded as Islamic State's official arm. Long War Journal. 14 November 2014. 15 November 2014. 20 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141120193720/http://www.longwarjournal.org/archives/2014/11/sinai_jihadists_rebr.php. live.
20. Web site: Egyptian court says Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis a terrorist organization. 14 April 2014. Egypt Independent. 7 December 2014. 16 April 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140416175051/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/egyptian-court-says-ansar-bayt-al-maqdis-terrorist-organization. live.
21. News: 15 November 2014 . UAE cabinet endorses new list of terrorist groups . Kuwait News Agency (KUNA) وكالة الأنباء الكويتية . 6 December 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20141129034608/https://www.kuna.net.kw/ArticleDetails.aspx?id=2408700&Language=en . 29 November 2014 .
22. Web site: UK government Proscribed Terrorist Organisations. UK Home Office. 6 May 2014. 6 May 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140506234529/https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/301777/ProscribedOrganisationsApril14.pdf. live.
23. News: US declares Ansar Beit al-Maqdes a terrorist group. 9 April 2014. 9 April 2014. Mada Masr. https://archive.today/20140409173526/http://madamasr.com/content/us-declares-ansar-beit-al-maqdes-terrorist-group. 2014-04-09. dead.
24. Web site: "Supporters of Jerusalem" claim responsibility for latest pipeline bombing. Daily News Egypt. 26 July 2012. 19 December 2013. 12 July 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150712173306/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2012/07/26/supporters-of-jerusalem-claim-responsibility-for-latest-pipeline-bombing/. live.
25. News: ISIS Blows Up Egypt-Jordan Gas Pipeline. 15 November 2014. Arutz Sheva. 17 November 2014. 6 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150906124717/http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/187471. live.
26. Web site: Sources confirm ex-army officer behind minister assassination attempt. Egypt Independent. 26 October 2013. 19 December 2013. 9 June 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150609040947/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/sources-confirm-ex-army-officer-behind-minister-assassination-attempt. live.
27. Web site: Jihadists claim responsibility for Ismailia military bombing. Daily News Egypt. 21 October 2013. 19 December 2013. 16 December 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141216001938/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2013/10/21/jihadists-claim-responsibility-for-ismailia-military-bombing/. live.
28. Web site: Sinai militants claim responsibility for Cairo killing. Ahram Online. 20 November 2013. 19 December 2013. 30 September 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180930013410/http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/86996.aspx. live.
29. Web site: Mansoura death toll rises to 16, mostly policemen. Ahram Online. 25 December 2013. 25 December 2013. 29 December 2013. https://web.archive.org/web/20131229124707/http://english.ahram.org.eg/News/90009.aspx. live.
30. News: Radical Salafis claim responsibility for Eilat rocket fire. Ynetnews. 1 February 2014. 23 November 2014. Ohayon. Meir. 17 November 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151117021202/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4483361,00.html. live.
31. Web site: Salafi group takes responsibility for Eilat rockets. Times of Israel. 21 January 2014. 21 January 2014. 1 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181001155329/http://www.timesofisrael.com/salafi-group-takes-responsibility-for-eilat-rockets/. live.
32. Web site: Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis claims responsibility for Beni Suef attack. Egypt Independent. 23 January 2014. 23 January 2014. 11 September 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150911124314/http://www.egyptindependent.com//news/ansar-bayt-al-maqdis-claims-responsibility-beni-suef-attack. live.
33. Web site: Deadly explosions target police in Egypt. Al Jazeera English. 24 Jan 2014. 25 January 2014. 3 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181003000639/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/middleeast/2014/01/deadly-explosions-target-police-egypt-2014124231145815191.html. live.
34. Web site: Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis claims responsibility for military helicopter crash and attacks. Egypt Independent. 26 January 2014. 20 September 2014. 5 June 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140605132511/http://www.egyptindependent.com/news/ansar-bayt-al-maqdis-claims-responsibility-military-helicopter-crash-and-attacks. live.
35. Web site: Egyptian soldiers killed in Sinai as protest toll rises to 49. Reuters. 26 January 2014. 5 July 2021. 20 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220520143250/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-egypt-clashes-idUSBREA0P0CO20140126. live.
36. Web site: Ansar Beit Al-Maqdis takes responsibility for assassination of Al-Saied, army accuses Brotherhood. Daily News Egypt. 29 January 2014. 29 January 2014. 20 January 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220120162951/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/01/29/ansar-beit-al-maqdis-takes-responsibility-assassination-al-saied-army-accuses-brotherhood/. live.
37. Web site: Egypt jihadists claim rocket fire on Israel's Eilat. Daily News Egypt. 1 February 2014. 1 February 2014. 9 May 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210509201411/https://dailynewsegypt.com/2014/02/01/egypt-jihadists-claim-rocket-fire-israels-eilat/. live.
38. News: Gulhane. Joel. Ansar Beit Al-Maqdis claim Taba bus bombing. 18 February 2014. Daily News Egypt. 18 February 2014. 18 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140218130353/http://www.dailynewsegypt.com/2014/02/18/ansar-beit-al-maqdis-claim-taba-bus-bombing/. live.
39. News: The Associated Press. Egypt militants warn tourists to leave country or face attack. 18 February 2014. Haaretz. 18 February 2014. 18 February 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140218100752/http://www.haaretz.com/news/middle-east/1.574843. live.
40. News: Ansar Beit Al-Maqdis claim Taba bus bombing. 4 May 2014. 6 May 2014. Mada Masr. https://web.archive.org/web/20140506113940/http://madamasr.com/content/ansar-beit-al-maqdes-claims-responsibility-sinai-attacks. 2014-05-06. dead.
41. News: Sinai terror group decapitates four alleged Mossad spies. 28 August 2014. 17 September 2014. Jerusalem Post. 24 May 2022. https://web.archive.org/web/20220524015729/https://www.jpost.com//arab-israeli-conflict/sinai-terror-group-decapitates-four-alleged-mossad-spies-372616. live.
42. News: Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis claims responsibility for latest Sinai attack. 17 September 2014. 17 September 2014. Aswat Masriya. 29 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141129032830/http://en.aswatmasriya.com/news/view.aspx?id=00c3d8c1-8b35-4ae9-b17d-f698e5c02b0c. live.
43. Web site: Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis posts video of deadly attack that killed 30 in Sinai. Reuters. 15 November 2014. 17 November 2014. 16 November 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20141116234420/http://www.jpost.com/Middle-East/Ansar-Bayt-al-Maqdis-posts-video-of-deadly-attack-that-killed-30-in-Sinai-381854. live.