Anomalisa Explained

Anomalisa
Director:
Producer:
Starring:
Music:Carter Burwell
Cinematography:Joe Passarelli
Editing:Garret Elkins
Studio:
Distributor:Paramount Pictures
Runtime:90 minutes[2]
Country:United States
Language:English
Budget:$8 million[3]
Gross:$5.7 million

Anomalisa is a 2015 American adult stop motion animated psychological comedy-drama film written and directed by Charlie Kaufman, who co-directed with Duke Johnson. It was based on Kaufman's 2005 audio play of the same name under his alias Francis Fregoli, which is considered an exploration of the Fregoli delusion.[4] Anomalisa follows British middle-aged customer service expert Michael Stone (David Thewlis), who perceives everyone (Tom Noonan) as identical except for Lisa Hesselman (Jennifer Jason Leigh), whom he meets in a Cincinnati hotel.

Kaufman's audio play premiered in Los Angeles, and featured the voices of Thewlis, Noonan, and Leigh. He opposed adapting the play into a film, fearing loss of artistic merit, but began exploring the idea in 2012 after incorporating edits to the script. Filming faced delays as Starburns Industries initially secured production funding on Kickstarter only to adapt the play as a short film, with animation beginning in late 2013. The filmmakers faced struggles with stop-motion technology, a notoriously laborious medium. This was alleviated after Paramount Animation joined production, enabling the film to be expanded to a feature.

Anomalisa premiered at the Telluride Film Festival on September 4, 2015, and was theatrically released in the U.S. on December 30 by Paramount Pictures. The film received critical acclaim, with praise for its screenplay, direction, and thematic content. It was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, the first R-rated animated film to be nominated in this category,[5] and was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Animated Feature Film. It won the Grand Jury Prize at the 72nd Venice International Film Festival, the first animated film to do so.[6]

Plot

In 2005, middle-aged English-born lonely customer service expert and motivational speaker Michael Stone travels to Cincinnati, Ohio to promote his latest book at a convention at the Fregoli Hotel. He feels distant from everyone around him, whom he perceives as having an identical face and voice, including his wife and son.

Michael practices his speech in his room but is haunted by the memory of an angry letter from a former lover, Bella, whom he abruptly left years ago without an explanation. He arranges to meet her in the hotel bar, but she is still upset and outraged by his invitation to his room, eventually storming out. Going for a walk, Michael mistakes an adult toy store for a children's toy store. Wanting to buy his son a present, he goes in and realizes his mistake, but is fascinated by a Japanese animatronic doll behind the counter.

After taking a shower, Michael hears a unique female voice and rushes from his room to find her. He meets Lisa, an insecure young woman attending the convention with her friend Emily. Enraptured by her unique appearance and voice, he invites both women for drinks at the bar. Later, to Lisa's surprise, Michael invites her to his room. Still captivated, he encourages her to sing and tell him about her life. She sings Cyndi Lauper's "Girls Just Want to Have Fun" and after she calls herself an "anomaly", he nicknames her Anomalisa. The two become intimate and eventually have sex.

Michael has a nightmare in which the lower half of his face falls off and the identical people of the world pursue him, claiming they love him and insisting he and Lisa cannot be together. The dream inspires Michael to propose he and Lisa start a new life together. She agrees, but her eating habits during breakfast annoy him, and her voice and face begin to transform into those of everyone else. During his convention talk, Michael suffers a breakdown, claiming he has no one to talk to and ranting about the American government, alienating the audience.

Michael returns to his home in Los Angeles, California. He gives the Japanese animatronic doll to his son who is nonplussed and notices a mysterious substance leaking from it. His wife notes its resemblance to semen but dismisses it nonchalantly. She has arranged a surprise party for Michael, but he does not recognize any of the attendees, angering her. Michael sits alone on the stairs as the doll, bearing facial damage in the same locations as Lisa's facial scarring, sings "Momotarō's Song", a Japanese children's song. Lisa writes Michael a letter, saying she hopes they will meet again while Emily, sitting beside her in her car, has her unique face.

Cast

Production

Development

The first version of Anomalisa was written and performed in 2005 for the Los Angeles run of "Theater of the New Ear", described as "a concert for music and text, or a set of 'sound plays'" by Carter Burwell, who commissioned and scored them.[7] It was a double bill with Kaufman's Hope Leaves the Theater, and replaced Sawbones, by the Coen Brothers, from the earlier New York run, after that play's actors were unavailable.[8] This Anomalisa was credited to the pen name Francis Fregoli, a reference to the Fregoli delusion, a disorder centered around the belief that different people are in fact a single person who changes appearance or is in disguise.[9] The 2005 performance had Thewlis and Leigh sitting on opposite sides of the stage, with Noonan in the middle; Burwell conducted the Parabola Ensemble, and there was a foley artist.[10]

Kaufman was initially opposed to turning the play into an animated film, saying that the play had "a disconnect between what's being said on stage and what the audience is seeing – there's Tom playing all these characters, there's Jennifer and David having sex while they're really just standing across the stage from each other and moaning. You'd lose that". The film was reinvented, although its script was described by The Guardian as "virtually the same" as that of the original play.[11]

The film's production company, Starburns Industries, sought funding on Kickstarter to "produce this unique and beautiful film outside of the typical Hollywood studio system," where the company believed the film would be inevitably changed from its initial conception. Initially pitched as a short film "approximately 40 minutes in length", the team set a funding goal of $200,000. By the end of the campaign, 5,770 backers had pledged $406,237 to the project.[12] After the success of the Kickstarter initiative, additional funding was secured by the film's production company, Starburns Industries, and the film was expanded to feature length.[13]

Animation

The puppets were created with 3D printers,[14] with multiple copies of each character. Eighteen Michaels and six Lisas were created.[15] Johnson recounted that the team was told that such realistic puppets would be "disturbing and off-putting", but disagreed, saying that the nature of stop-motion film, with human hands moving puppets for each frame, brought "organic life" to the medium. One goal of the film was for viewers to "forget they were looking at something animated and just get wrapped up in the scene", he said; "the challenge we felt with so much animated stuff is that you're always conscious of the animation, and we kept asking, 'What if we could escape that? What would it be like?'".

Kaufman and Johnson have described the process of stop-motion animation as "laborious" and found challenges in making the puppets look lifelike and relatable.[16] Animator Dan Driscoll said they found people on whom to model the puppets, studied human movement and facial expressions to produce a precise result, created the puppets and built the sets, and finally placed the puppets on the sets and moved them frame by frame to create the illusion of movement. Kaufman said the medium of stop-motion underpins the narrative of Anomalisa by drawing attention to small details viewers would not notice in a live-action film.[17] The film was in production for more than two years.

Music

See main article: Anomalisa (soundtrack).

Release

Anomalisa had its world premiere at the Telluride Film Festival on September 4, 2015.[18] The film went on to screen at the Venice Film Festival on September 8[19] and the Toronto International Film Festival on September 15.[20] Shortly after, Paramount Pictures acquired its worldwide distribution rights.[21] The film had a limited release on December 30, 2015 and a wider release in January.[22]

The film's DVD and Blu-ray packs were released on June 7, 2016.[23] The Blu-ray Combo Pack with Digital HD includes an in-depth look at the filmmaking process with Kaufman and Johnson and three behind-the-scenes features, including an extended look at the production process and deeper themes of the story. Looks at the sound design and the ground-breaking techniques used to create one of the film's most intricate and intimate scenes are also shown.[24] In the Blu-ray pack, thanks to the DTS-HD Master Audio 5.1 used in the film's production, ambient sound effects such as the hotel bar background can be perfectly heard and combined with the dialogue.

Critical response

On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 91% based on 278 reviews, with an average rating of . The website's critical consensus reads: "Anomalisa marks another brilliant and utterly distinctive highlight in Charlie Kaufman's filmography, and a thought-provoking treat for fans of introspective cinema."[25] The film also has a weighted average score of 88 out of 100 on Metacritic based on 46 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim".[26]

In Time Out David Calhoun awarded the film five out of five stars and wrote, "It's what you imagine might have happened if Charlie Kaufman had got his hands on Up in the Air or Lost in Translation."[27] Drew McWeeny of Hitfix called it "the most shattering experiment yet from Charlie Kaufman" and graded it an A+.[28] LA Weeklys Amy Nicholson gave the film an A and wrote, "Kaufman is taking our brains apart and showing us the gears."[29] The Guardians Peter Bradshaw gave the film five out of five, naming it his film of the week, and wrote: "It is really funny, and incidentally boasts one of the most extraordinarily real sex scenes in film history. It also scared me the way a top-notch horror or a sci-fi dystopia might ... Is there anyone else in the movies doing such unique and extraordinary work?"[30]

Observer critic Mark Kermode gave Anomalisa three out of five, writing: "Sometimes it falls apart ... But there's something magical about the malaise which raises this above mere misanthropy—a heightened sense of fragile life that perhaps only puppets could hope to achieve."[31] Stephanie Zacharek of Time wrote: "Once you start reckoning with Anomalisas obsession with self-absorption, the novelty of this one-man pity party begins to wear off."[32]

Top ten lists

Anomalisa was listed on numerous critics' top ten lists for 2015.[33] [34]

Accolades

AwardCategoryRecipientResult
Academy AwardsBest Animated Feature FilmCharlie Kaufman, Duke Johnson, and Rosa Tranrowspan="9"
Golden Globe AwardsBest Animated Feature FilmCharlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson
Golden Reel Awards[36] Best Sound Editing: Sound Effects, Foley, Dialogue & ADR in an Animation Feature FilmAaron Glacock, Christopher S. Aud, MPSE
Critics Choice AwardsBest Animated FeatureCharlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson
Annie AwardsBest Animated FeatureRosa Tran, Duke Johnson, Charlie Kaufman and Dino Stamatopoulos
Best Directing in a Feature ProductionCharlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson
Best Music in a Feature ProductionCarter Burwell
Best Voice Acting in a Feature ProductionJennifer Jason Leigh
Best Editing in a Feature ProductionGarret Elkins
Austin Fantastic FestBest DirectorDuke Johnson and Charlie Kaufmanrowspan="2"
Fantastic Features
Golden Tomato Awards[37] Best Animated Movie 2015Anomalisa
Independent Spirit AwardBest Featurerowspan="5"
Best DirectorCharlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson
Best ScreenplayCharlie Kaufman
Best Supporting FemaleJennifer Jason Leigh
American Cinema EditorsBest Edited Animated Feature FilmGarret Elkins
Mill Valley Film FestivalAudience AwardCharlie Kaufman and Duke Johnson
Toronto Film CriticsBest Animated Film
Venice Film FestivalGrand Special Jury Prizerowspan="2"
Future Film Festival Digital Award
Golden Lionrowspan="4"
Green Drop Award
Austin Film Critics Association AwardsBest Film
Best Animated Film
Top 10 Best films
Alliance of Women Film Journalists AwardsBest Depiction of Nudity, Sexuality, or SeductionDavid Thewlis and Jennifer Jason Leigh (tied with Carol)
Best Animated Film
Village Voice Film PollBest Animated FilmAnomalisa
Best Film
Best Screenplay
Satellite AwardsBest Animated or Mixed Media Filmrowspan="2"
Saturn Awards[38] Best Animated Film

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Anomalisa (2016). AFI Catalog of Feature Films. 15 February 2021.
  2. Web site: ANOMALISA (15) . . January 25, 2016 . January 25, 2016.
  3. Web site: Anomalisa. . . February 21, 2016.
  4. Web site: Anomalisa . 2020-08-08 . www.rcpsych.ac.uk . en.
  5. News: King. Melissa. Movie addict: Discover the extraordinary in 'Anomalisa'. 2021-06-17. St. Cloud Times. en-US.
  6. Web site: Official Awards of the 72nd Venice International Film Festival. February 10, 2017. Venice International Film Festival. dead. https://web.archive.org/web/20170219095924/http://www.labiennale.org/en/cinema/archive/72nd-festival/awards/. February 19, 2017.
  7. Web site: Theater of the New Ear. Carter Burwell official website. April 4, 2016.
  8. News: Lend an ear to Charlie Kaufman. Swed. Mark. September 16, 2005. Los Angeles Times. April 4, 2016.
  9. Web site: Lawless. Jill. Charlie Kaufman wows Venice critics with inventive adult animation 'Anomalisa'. U.S. News & World Report. September 9, 2015. September 17, 2015.
  10. News: Review: Theater of the New Ear. Gallo. Phil. September 15, 2005. Variety. Penske Business Media. April 4, 2016.
  11. Web site: Rommey. Jonathan. Charlie Kaufman on weirdness, failure and his new puppet noir. The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. September 15, 2015. September 17, 2015.
  12. Web site: Charlie Kaufman's Anomalisa. Kickstarter. Starburns Industries. June 11, 2018.
  13. Web site: Kickstart Update #39: Anomalisa Timeline. Kickstarter. Starburns Industries. June 11, 2018. May 22, 2014.
  14. Web site: Zeitchik. Steven. Charlie Kaufman breaks hiatus on own terms in 'Anomalisa' at Telluride. Los Angeles Times. September 4, 2015. September 17, 2015.
  15. Web site: 'Anomalisa': The Big Challenges of Re-Creating Life on a Small Scale. Gray. Tim. Variety. Penske Business Media. February 29, 2016. December 30, 2015.
  16. Web site: Masters of puppets: Charlie Kaufman and the subversive allure of stop-motion. Steve. Rose. January 7, 2016. Guardian News and Media. The Guardian. July 11, 2018.
  17. Web site: Frame-By-Frame, Filmmakers Make The Mundane Miraculous In 'Anomalisa'. NPR. Fresh Air. Terry. Gross. December 22, 2015. July 11, 2018.
  18. Web site: Telluride Review: Charlie Kaufman's Marvelously Strange 'Anomalisa' is An Animated Identity Crisis. Penske Business Media. IndieWire. Eric. Kohn. September 5, 2015. December 1, 2015.
  19. Web site: 'Anomalisa': Venice Review. Prometheus Global Media. The Hollywood Reporter. David. Rooney. September 5, 2015. December 1, 2015.
  20. Web site: Anomalisa. Toronto International Film Festival. dead. December 8, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20151208102038/https://www.tiff.net/festivals/festival15/specialpresentations/anomalisa. December 1, 2015. Special Presentations.
  21. Web site: Toronto: Paramount Buys Charlie Kaufman's 'Anomalisa'. Lang. Brent. Variety. Penske Business Media. September 17, 2015. September 16, 2015.
  22. Web site: Anomalisa . Anomalisa Official Website . . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20151223143535/http://www.anomalisa.com/ . December 23, 2015.
  23. Web site: Anomalisa (2015). DVDs Release Dates. February 17, 2017.
  24. Web site: From Academy Award®-Winner* Charlie Kaufman Comes One of the Most Critically Acclaimed Films of the Year, Anomalisa, Debuting on Digital HD March 15, 2016. BusinessWire. Brenda. Ciccone. February 17, 2017. March 7, 2016.
  25. Web site: Anomalisa (2015). Rotten Tomatoes. Fandango. .
  26. Web site: Anomalisa Reviews. Metacritic. CBS Interactive. January 22, 2016.
  27. Web site: Anomalisa. Calhoun. Dave. Time Out London. Time Out Group. September 8, 2015. September 27, 2015.
  28. Web site: Review: 'Anomalisa' is the most shattering experiment yet from Charlie Kaufman. McWeeny. Drew. HitFix. Uproxx. September 18, 2015. September 27, 2015.
  29. Web site: Charlie Kaufman Has Directed His Second Masterpiece. Nicholson. Amy. LA Weekly. September 15, 2015. September 27, 2015.
  30. News: Anomalisa review: a masterpiece about the human condition – with puppets. Bradshaw. Peter. March 10, 2016. The Guardian. Guardian News and Media. March 20, 2016.
  31. News: Anomalisa review – uncanny stop-motion. Kermode. Mark. March 13, 2016. The Observer. Guardian News and Media. March 20, 2016.
  32. Review: In Anomalisa, Puppets Have Problems Too . Zacharek . Stephanie . . December 21, 2015 . February 8, 2015.
  33. Web site: Best of 2015: Film Critic Top Ten Lists. Jason. Dietz. December 6, 2015. Metacritic. CBS Interactive. July 11, 2018.
  34. Web site: The 20 best films of 2015. bfi.org. 27 December 2015.
  35. Web site: The best movies of 2015. nytimes.com. 9 December 2015.
  36. Web site: 2016: Film Nominees. Motion Picture Sound Editors. February 10, 2017. dead. January 7, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170107020602/https://www.mpse.org/2016-film-nominees.
  37. Web site: Golden Tomato Awards - Best of 2015. Rotten Tomatoes. 12 January 2016.
  38. Web site: The 2015 Nominees. Saturn Awards. March 4, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160311002531/http://www.saturnawards.org/The-Saturn-Awards-Annual-Nominations.php. 11 March 2016. live.