Annona foetida explained

Annona foetida is a species of plant in the family Annonaceae. It is native to Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Peru and Suriname.[1] Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, the German botanist who first formally described the species, named it after its foul-smelling (Latin: fetidus in Latin) odor.[2]

Description

It is a shrub or a tree reaching 3.3-3.9 meters in height. Its dark gray-brown bark is tough and flexible. Its leaves are 10.8-21.6 by 4.1-8.1 centimeters and come to an abrupt point at their tips. Its petioles are 6.8 millimeters long. Its fruit are reddish-brown and the size of a goose egg. Its seeds are flat, yellowish, ovals, 9 millimeters in length. Its bark and unripe fruit have a remarkably foul odor.[3]

Reproductive biology

The pollen of Annona foetida is shed as permanent tetrads.[4] It is pollinated by the scarab beetle Cyciocephala undata.[5]

Habitat and distribution

It grows in forest habitats. Its fruit mature in December.[3]

Uses

Bioactive compounds extracted from leaves, bark and branches have been reported to have antimicrobial, antileishmanial and antitrypanosomal activities.[6] [7] [8]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Annona foetida Mart. . . n.d. . Plants of the World Online . The Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . January 2, 2019. .
  2. Book: Stearn, William . Botanical Latin . Timber Press David & Charles . Portland, Ore. Newton Abbot . 2004 . 9780881926279 .
  3. Book: Martius . Karl Friedrich Philipp von . Eichler . August Wilhelm . 1841 . Flora Brasiliensis, enumeratio plantarum in Brasilia hactenus detectarum . Latin . 13 . 1 . Munich & Leipzig . R. Oldenbourg . 10.5962/bhl.title.454 .
  4. Walker . James W. . 1971 . Pollen Morphology, Phytogeography, and Phylogeny of the Annonaceae . 41764703 . Contributions from the Gray Herbarium of Harvard University . 202 . 202 . 1–130. 10.5962/p.272704 . 249081277 . free .
  5. Küchmeister . Heike. Webber . Antonio C.. Silberbauer-Gottsberger. Ilse. Gottsberger. Gerhard. A polinização e sua relação com a termogênese em espécies de Arecaceae e Annonaceae da Amazônia Central . Pollination and its relation with thermogenesis in Arecaceae and Annonaceae species of Central Amazonia . Acta Amazonica . Portuguese . 28 . 3 . 1998 . 217 . 0044-5967 . 10.1590/1809-43921998283245. free .
  6. Costa. Emmanoel Vilaça. Pinheiro. Maria Lúcia Belém. Silva. Jefferson Rocha de Andrade. Maia. Beatriz Helena Lameiro de Noronha S. Duarte. Marta Cristina Teixeira. Amaral. Ana Cláudia Fernandes. Machado. Gérzia Maria de Carvalho. Leon. Leonor Laura. Antimicrobial and antileishmanial activity of essential oil from the leaves of Annona foetida (Annonaceae). Química Nova. 32. 1. 2009. 78–81. 0100-4042. 10.1590/S0100-40422009000100015. free.
  7. Costa. Emmanoel V.. Pinheiro. Maria Lúcia B.. Xavier. Clahildek M.. Silva. Jefferson R. A.. Amaral. Ana Cláudia F.. Souza. Afonso D. L.. Barison. Andersson. Campos. Francinete R.. Ferreira. Antonio G.. Machado. Gérzia M. C.. Leon. Leonor L. P.. A Pyrimidine-β-carboline and Other Alkaloids fromAnnonafoetidawith Antileishmanial Activity. Journal of Natural Products. 69. 2. 2006. 292–294. 0163-3864. 10.1021/np050422s. 16499336.
  8. Costa. Emmanoel Vilaça. Pinheiro. Maria Lúcia Belém. Souza. Afonso Duarte Leão de. Barison. Andersson. Campos. Francinete Ramos. Valdez. Rodrigo Hinojosa. Ueda-Nakamura. Tânia. Filho. Benedito Prado Dias. Nakamura. Celso Vataru. Trypanocidal Activity of Oxoaporphine and Pyrimidine-β-Carboline Alkaloids from the Branches of Annona foetida Mart. (Annonaceae). Molecules. 16. 11. 2011. 9714–9720. 1420-3049. 10.3390/molecules16119714. 22113579. 6264547 . free .

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