List of parties to the Kyoto Protocol explained

As of June 2013, there are 192 parties to the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, which aims to combat global warming. This total includes 191 states (189 United Nations member states as well as the Cook Islands and Niue) and one supranational union (the European Union).[1] [2] Canada renounced the protocol effective 15 December 2012 and ceased to be a member from that date.

With the Protocol's 2008-2012 commitment period expiring, the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol was agreed to, which establishes new commitments for the period 2013–2020. As of October 2020, 147 states have accepted this amendment.

Parties

Signing is optional, indicating an intention to ratify the Protocol. Ratification means that a state is legally bound by the provisions of the treaty. For Annex I parties (e.g. a developed state or one with an 'economy in transition') this means that it has agreed to cap emissions in accordance with the Protocol.

Iceland was the 55th state to ratify, fulfilling the first condition for coming-into-force. With Russia's ratification the "55 percent of 1990 carbon dioxide emissions of the Parties included in Annex I" clause was satisfied and the treaty was brought into force, effective 16 February 2005. As of October 2020, 147 states have accepted the Doha amendment. It will enter into force as of 31 December 2020.

Party[3] [4] Annex[5] % for ratification[6] emissions
limit
(2012)[7] [8] 		emissions
limit
(2020)[9] 		SignedRatification / AcceptanceAmendment acceptanceNotes
25 March 2013 [10]
1 April 2005 22 October 2020
16 February 2005 28 September 2015
8 May 2007 22 September 2020
16 March 1998 3 November 1998 23 September 2016
16 March 1998 1 December 2015
25 April 2003 31 March 2017
I, II 2.1% +8% −0.5% 29 April 19983 December 2007 9 November 2016
I, II 0.4% −8% (−13%)−20% (−16%) 24 September 1998 31 May 2002 21 December 2017
28 September 2000 1 July 2015
9 April 1999 4 November 2015
31 January 2006
22 October 2001 13 November 2013
7 August 2000 14 August 2013
I - none −12% 26 August 2005
I, II 0.8% −8% (−7.5%)−20% (−15%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 14 November 2017
26 September 2003 24 July 2018
25 February 2002 29 August 2018
26 August 2002 29 September 2015
9 July 1998 30 November 1999 17 September 2020
16 April 2007
8 August 2003 7 March 2016
29 April 1998 23 August 2002 13 February 2018
20 August 2009 14 November 2014
I 0.6% −8% −20% (+20%) 18 September 1998 15 August 2002 21 December 2017
31 March 2005 29 November 2016
18 October 2001
22 August 2002 17 November 2015
28 August 2002
10 February 2006
18 March 2008
18 August 2009
17 June 1998 26 August 2002 10 November 2015
29 May 1998 30 August 2002 2 June 2014

applied since 8 April 2003
: applied since 14 January 2008

30 November 2001
10 April 2008 7 September 2014
23 March 2005
12 February 2007 14 May 2015
16 September 1998 27 August 2001 5 November 2018
27 April 1998 9 August 2002 21 September 2016
23 April 2007
I - −5% −20% (+11%) 11 March 1999 27 April 2007 21 December 2017
15 March 1999 30 April 2002 28 December 2016
I - none −20% (−5%) 16 July 1999 10 December 2015
I 1.2% −8% −20% (+9%) 15 November 2001 21 December 2017
I, II 0.4% −8% (−21%) −20% (−20%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 21 December 2017

applied
: not applied

12 March 2002 23 September 2014
25 January 2005 15 July 2019
12 February 2002 21 September 2016
15 January 1999 13 January 2000 20 April 2015
15 March 1999 12 January 2005 3 February 2020
8 June 1998 13 January 2000 18 September 2019
16 August 2000
28 July 2005 3 May 2018
I 0.3% −8% −20% (+11%) 3 December 1998 14 October 2002 21 December 2017
14 April 2005 26 June 2015
I, II −8% −20% 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 21 December 2017 All ratifications of the 15 then-EU-members and the EU itself were deposited simultaneously. For the purpose of satisfying the entry-into-force conditions, the EU's ratification was not counted.
17 September 1998 17 September 1998 19 September 2017
I, II 0.4% −8% (0%) −20% (−16%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 16 November 2017
I, II 2.7% −8% (0%) −20% (−14%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 30 November 2017 ,,, : applied
,,,,, : not applied
12 December 2006 1 December 2017
1 June 2001 7 November 2016
16 June 1999 16 June 2020
I, II 7.4% −8% (−21%) −20% (−14%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 14 November 2017
30 May 2003 24 September 2020
I, II 0.6% −8% (+25%) −20% (−4%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 21 December 2017
6 August 2002 1 April 2015
10 July 1998 5 October 1999 15 October 2019
7 September 2000 6 April 2016
18 November 2005 22 October 2018
5 August 2003 23 December 2014
6 July 2005
25 February 1999 19 July 2000 11 April 2014
I 0.5% −6% −20% (+10%) 21 August 2002 1 October 2015
I, II 0.0% +10% −20% 23 May 2002 7 October 2015
26 August 2002 8 August 2017
13 July 1998 3 December 2004 30 September 2014
22 August 2005
28 July 2009
I, II 0.2% −8% (+13%) −20% (−20%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 21 December 2017
16 December 1998 15 March 2004
I, II 3.1% −8% (−6.5%) −20% (−13%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 18 July 2016
28 June 1999 1 October 2020
I, II 8.5% −6% none 28 April 1998 4 June 2002
17 January 2003 3 January 2020
I (dec.) - none −5% 12 March 1999 19 June 2009
25 February 2005 7 April 2014
7 September 2000 11 February 2016
27 April 2005
25 September 1998 8 November 2002 27 May 2015
11 March 2005 8 May 2019
13 May 2003
6 February 2003 23 April 2019
I 0.2% −8% −20% (+17%) 14 December 1998 5 July 2002 21 December 2017
13 November 2006
6 September 2000 18 January 2019
5 November 2002 17 August 2015
24 August 2006
I 0.0% −8% −16% 29 June 1998 3 December 2004 23 February 2015
I - −8% −20% (+15%) 21 September 1998 3 January 2003 22 November 2017
I, II 0.1% −8% (−28%) −20% (−20%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 21 September 2017
24 September 2003 1 October 2015
26 October 2001 29 June 2017
12 March 1999 4 September 2002 12 April 2017
16 March 1998 30 December 1998 1 July 2015
27 January 1999 28 March 2002 7 December 2015
I - none −20% (+5%) 17 April 1998 11 November 2001 21 December 2017
17 March 1998 11 August 2003 7 May 2015
22 July 2005
9 May 2001 5 September 2013
9 June 1998 7 September 2000 23 September 2014
17 March 1998 21 June 1999 19 February 2014
22 April 2003
I 0.0% −8% −22% 29 April 1998 27 February 2006 27 December 2013
15 December 1999 20 February 2019
4 June 2007 26 December 2018
25 January 2002 5 September 2014
18 January 2005
13 August 2003 19 September 2017
4 September 2003 17 February 2015
16 August 2001 1 December 2014
16 September 2005
I, II 1.2% −8% (−6%) −20% (−16%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 22 November 2017

not applied
: not applied
: not applied
: not applied

I, II 0.2% 0% none 22 May 1998 19 December 2002 30 November 2015

not applied

7 July 1998 18 November 1999 3 July 2019
23 October 1998 30 September 2004 1 August 2018
10 December 2004 2 October 2020
8 December 1998 6 May 1999 10 December 2019
18 November 2004 18 October 2019
I, II 0.3% +1% −16%29 April 1998 30 May 2002 12 June 2014
19 January 2005
11 January 2005 31 October 2017
10 December 1999 10 March 2015
8 June 1998 5 March 1999 29 September 2015
2 March 1999 28 March 2002
25 August 1998 27 August 1999 21 February 2019
13 November 1998 12 September 2002 24 September 2014
15 April 1998 20 November 2003 13 April 2016
I 3.0% −6% −20% (+14%) 15 July 1998 13 December 2002 28 September 2018
I, II 0.3% −8% (+27%) −20% (+1%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 22 November 2017
11 January 2005 28 October 2020
I 1.2% −8% −20% (+19%) 5 January 1999 19 March 2001 3 May 2016
I 17.4% 0% none 11 March 1999 18 November 2004
22 July 2004 20 November 2015
8 April 2008 25 October 2016
16 March 1998 20 August 2003 20 November 2018
19 March 1998 31 December 2004
16 March 1998 27 November 2000 18 September 2015
28 April 2010 4 August 2015
24 July 2008
31 January 2005
20 July 2001 27 May 2020
24 September 2007 30 June 2017
20 March 1998 22 July 2002 15 July 2015
10 November 2006 15 June 2020
12 April 2006 23 September 2014
I 0.4% −8% −20% (+13%) 26 February 1999 31 May 2002 16 November 2017
I - −8% −20% (+4%) 21 October 1998 2 August 2002 21 December 2017
13 March 2003 5 September 2014
26 July 2010
31 July 2002 7 May 2015
I, II 1.9% −8% (+15%) −20% (−10%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 14 November 2017
3 September 2002 2 December 2015
2 November 2004 3 February 2014
25 September 2006
13 January 2006 21 September 2016
I, II 0.4% −8% (+4%) −20% (−17%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 14 November 2017
I, II 0.3% −8% −15.8% 16 March 1998 9 July 2003 28 August 2015
27 January 2006
5 January 2009
26 August 2002
2 February 1999 28 August 2002 1 September 2015
14 October 2008
2 July 2004 5 November 2018
14 January 2008 5 November 2018
7 January 1999 28 January 1999 6 August 2015
22 January 2003
I - none none 28 May 2009 [11] [12] [13]
28 September 1998 11 January 1999
16 November 1998 16 November 1998 4 December 2014
25 March 2002 8 July 2015
I - 0% −24% 15 March 1999 12 April 2004
26 January 2005 26 April 2013
I, II 4.3% −8% (−12.5%) −20% (−16%) 29 April 1998 31 May 2002 17 November 2017 Guernsey and Isle of Man, applied since 4 April 2005; Gibraltar, since 2 January 2007; Bermuda, Cayman Islands, Falkland Islands, Jersey, since 7 March 2007. Anguilla, British Virgin Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Islands, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Turks and Caicos Islands or the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia: not applied
29 July 1998 5 February 2001 12 September 2018
20 November 1998 12 October 1999
17 July 2001 15 March 2018
18 February 2005 1 March 2018
3 December 1998 25 September 2002 22 June 2015
15 September 2004
5 August 1998 7 July 2006 22 August 2019
30 June 2009 20 April 2016
Totals I: 38 + EU
II: 21+EU 		33 (63.9%) -%: 31 (24)
0%: 3 (5)
+%: 3 (8) 		192 (incl. EU) 147

Not signatories or parties

As of 2022 there are four UN member states or observers which are not party to the protocol, all of which are members of the UNFCCC: Andorra, Holy See, Palestine, South Sudan.[15]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Kyoto Protocol Status of Ratification (pdf). 12 October 2006.
  2. Web site: Status of Ratification. UNFCCC's Kyoto Protocol Background. 28 October 2010.
  3. Web site: Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change . 2013-07-23. 2013-07-24. United Nations Treaty Series.
  4. Web site: Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol. 2015-04-01. 2015-04-01. United Nations Treaty Series.
  5. Web site: United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2016-04-28. United Nations.
  6. REPORT OF THE CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES ON ITS THIRD SESSION, HELD AT KYOTO FROM 1 TO 11 DECEMBER 1997 – Annex Table: Total carbon dioxide emissions of Annex I Parties in 1990, for the purposes of Article 25 of the Kyoto Protocol. 1998-03-25. 2016-04-26. United Nations. FCCC/CP/1997/7Add.1.
  7. Web site: Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. 2016-04-28. United Nations.
  8. 2002/358/EC: Council Decision of 25 April 2002 concerning the approval, on behalf of the European Community, of the Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the joint fulfilment of commitments thereunder. 2002-05-15. 2016-04-28. Official Journal of the European Communities. L. 130.
  9. Web site: Doha amendment to the Kyoto Protocol. 2016-04-28. United Nations.
  10. News: Afghanistan ratifies Kyoto Protocol . . 3 April 2013 . 2013-04-04.
  11. Ntvmsnbc.com "Kyoto’dan sonra Türkiye’yi neler bekliyor? (English translation:What's after Kyoto protocol for Turkey?)" Ntvmsnbc.com "Türkiye, Kyoto protokolüne katılıyor (English translation:Turkey joins to Kyoto protocol)" Ntvmsnbc.com "Şimdi KYOTO zamanı (English translation:It's time for Kyoto)"
  12. http://www.bianet.org/english/kategori/english/107396/turkey-will-sign-the-kyoto-protocol Bianet
  13. http://www.turkishweekly.net/news/64683/turkey-39-s-participation-in-kyoto-protocol-published-in-official-gazette.html Turkish Weekly
  14. News: KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE – KYOTO, 11 DECEMBER 1997 CANADA: WITHDRAWAL. 16 December 2011 . 2015-04-02. United Nations.
  15. Web site: Parties to the Convention and Observer States. 27 January 2013. UNFCC.

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