The type was for centuries the most important freight vessel along the coast of Norway and Anna Karoline is typical for vessels sailing between Northern Norway and Bergen. She was purchased by the museum Nordland County Museum (now the Nordland Museum) in 1954 and placed ashore at Bodøsjøen south of the center of the city of Bodø. The Nordland Museum has plans for constructing a large building around Anna Karoline to preserve the vessel and exhibit her as a museum ship.
The was used as a freight vessel along the Norwegian coast from around the 17th century and until the early 20th century,[1] when the use steadily declined. The vessel type was built from Hardanger in the south to Beiarn in the north.[1] At most around 200 sailed from northern Norway to Bergen with stockfish.[2] The had a distinct appearance and was a sturdy freighter with a large capacity for cargo. Under good conditions the voyage could go fast, there are stories about voyages from Lofoten to Bergen in around three days, which makes a speed around 8 knots.[3] It is possible that the vessel type is based on earlier Norwegian vessels, but that foreign vessels also have been an inspiration.[4] The encyclopedia Store norske leksikon has this definition of :[5]
The were clinker built with transom stern, with a high straight bow. Most of the had only half of the deck covered, and always had a veng (Norwegian for a kind of Aftercastle) aft. The mast was without stays and was rigged with two square sails (main sail and top sail).
The was not easy to sail, but they could carry much cargo compared to the materials used for the vessel. It was thus probably due to economy that they became so popular.[4] [3] The last were built in Trøndelag. By the early 20th century the had been replaced by larger sailing vessels and steamships.[1]
For centuries were important for Northern Norway's export of stockfish.[6] Each could make two voyages a year to Bergen with this cargo,[6] the city had for many hundred years monopoly on trading with Northern Norway.[7] After the stockfish cargo had been loaded in Bergen the would return with goods that Northern Norway did not produce.[7]
Anna Karoline was built in 1876 for Arnt O. Eggen, Oluf Nøst and Ole Vandsvik. The name Anna Karoline were composed from the names of the three first owners.
Anna Karoline served as a cargo vessel and the cargo changed depending on what owners she had, time of the year and where she was stationed. When Ole Vandsvik was one of the owners Anna Karoline started the new year with a voyage to Lofoten to buy fish. The fish was salted on board the vessel and she returned in May to Kiran in Roan where the fish was dried. While the fish was drying the was transporting timber from Namsen to Northern Norway. When the fish had dried the vessel was loaded with stockfish, and sailed to Bergen. The vessel was also used for transporting herring and as sleeping quarters during fishing.
Anna Karoline is marked by various repairs and changes which makes it possible to study how the vessel has developed. She was originally clinker built and without a deck covering her cargo hold.[8] In 1890 Anna Karoline ran aground at Kirangrunnen and subsequently towed to Trondheim where the outer hull was plained and a smooth carvel skin was added. Thus one can today see that the vessel has both clinker hull and carvel hull. Anna Karoline got new owners in 1903, they installed a 16 hp engine.
After Johan Bjørvik and Ole Schiefloe bought Anna Karoline she was used during the yearly fisheries in Lofoten. She sailed north in January and had for many years station at Tinn in Lofoten. The firm sold various goods and fishing equipment. While she was used as a floating general store during the fisheries, the vessel was also used for processing fish. In the spring the vessel sailed south to Bergen or Trondheim, before returning to Lofoten for a new cargo of fish.[8]
In 1908 Anna Karolines homeport was changed to Namsos after she was bought by Julius Pedersen and manager Schiefloe.[8] She was mainly used to ship timber from Trøndelag to Northern Norway.[8] The vessel had the same trade while she was owned by Spillum Dampsag & Høvleri.[8] After a new grounding in Bodø in 1908 she was again repaired.[8] and the vessel now got a deck over the cargo hold.[8] In 1916 she got a 30 hp engine.[8] Anna Karoline kept her full rig until 1932, when it was removed.[8] The same year major repairs of her hull were carried out. The vessel got a new transom and the deck was changed both aft and at the bow.[9] In the 1950s the hull over water was changed.[9] When she was bought by Nordland Museum in 1954 brackets were placed under the vessel and needed repairs were done.[9]
Anna Karoline was bought in 1929 by the firm J. Angell & Sønner in Hopen in Lofoten.[8] The vessel was used both summer and winter. During the winter Anna Karoline was used while fish were salted and for producing cod liver oil, she had similar duties in Finnmark in the spring.[9] During summer Anna Karoline transported guano and stockfish from Nordland and Troms south to Bergen.[9]
The last port of call for Anna Karoline was Bodøsjøen outside the center of Bodø, where she arrived in 1959.[10] For some 30 years she has had a roof as cover and after some years walls were added. The facilities are viewed as far from ideal and the vessel should have a permanent building. Nordland Museum is working with a project for a building where the vessel can be both preserved and exhibited for visitors.[10]
The background for Nordland Museum buying Anna Karoline was that she was seen as a specimen of a historically important vessel type.[4] The museum first bought the in 1939 for this purpose.[4] The vessel was transferred to Rognan for some needed repairs but around Christmas 1940 she shipwrecked during a storm.[4] Due to World War II it was not possible to save the wreck, so was lost.[4]
The desire to document the as a vessel was still there and after the war the Nordland Museum was urged to buy a new . Anna Karoline was chosen because she was in a relatively original condition and she is the only in such condition that has been preserved.[11] As of 2014 there are three other in Norway. It is the newly built copy of the and the Pauline of Steinkjer, the latter is so much repaired and rebuilt that she is far from her original condition. Both are carvel built and sailing, contrary to Anna Karoline which is on land. The located at Sandane in western Norway is also ashore and as Anna Karoline she is also clinker built.[12]