List of animation studios explained

The following lists of animation studios presents current and former organizations similar to artists studios but principally dedicated to the production and distribution of animated films. Such studios may be actual production facilities or corporate entities. The countries with the most listed, active studios, are Japan, United States, Canada, United Kingdom and South Korea, but studios are found across all continents.

Active studios

Studio	Country	Founded	Notes and sources
	Denmark	2014
	Denmark	2006
	Australia	2009
	United States	1994	Subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company
	New Zealand	2008
8-Bit	Japan	2008
A Squared Entertainment	United States	2009
A-1 Pictures	Japan	2005	^[1]
A. Film Production	Denmark	1988
A.C.G.T	Japan	2001
A.k.a. Cartoon	Canada	1994
Aardman Animations	United Kingdom	1972
Act3animation	Australia	1992
Ajia-do	Japan	1978
AKOM	South Korea	1985
Ánima Estudios	Mexico	2002
Huevocartoon	Mexico	2001
Animaccord Animation Studio	Russia	2008
Animafilm	Romania	1964
Animal Logic	Australia	1991	Subsidiary of Netflix
Animax Entertainment	United States	2001
AIC	Japan	1982
Animex Producciones	Mexico	2000
Animonsta Studios	Malaysia	2009
Animusic	United States	1995
Ankama	France	2001
	Japan	1978
	Japan	1973
	Japan	2003
	India	2013
	United Kingdom	1994
	Canada	1999
Augenblick Studios	United States	1999
	United States	2021	A division of Nickelodeon centered on developing animated series and movies based on Avatar: The Last Airbender franchise.^[2] ^[3]
Bagdasarian Productions	United States	1961
Bardel Entertainment	Canada	1987	Subsidiary of Rainbow
Base FX	China	2003
Bee Train	Japan	1997
Bent Image Lab	United States	2002
Bento Box Entertainment	United States	2009
Big Bad Boo	Canada	2005
Big Idea Entertainment	United States	1989	Formerly GRAFx Studios
	United Kingdom	2003
	United Kingdom	2009
Blur Studio	United States	1995
Blue-Zoo	United Kingdom	2000
bolexbrothers	United Kingdom	1991
BONES	Japan	1998
Boulder Media Limited	Ireland	2000
Brain's Base	Japan	1996
Brown Bag Films	Ireland	1994
	Ireland	2003
Bullwinkle Studios	United States	1948
Buzzco Associates	United States	1974	Founded as Perpetual Motion Pictures in 1968 renamed Buzzco by Buzz Potamkin in 1982
C2C	Japan	2006
	United Kingdom	2002
	United States	1994	Started as sub-division of Hanna-Barbera; Subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery
Cartoon Saloon	Ireland	1999
Cartuna	United States	2015
Charlex	United States	1979
China Film Animation	China	1999
CinéGroupe	Canada	1974	Also has offices in Los Angeles, California, United States
	Canada/United Kingdom	1991
CloverWorks	Japan	2018
Collingwood & Co.	United Kingdom	1988
Copa Studio	Brazil	2009
	United States	1989
	China	2004
Crew972	Israel	2005
	Taiwan	1978	Also known as Hong Guang (宏廣) and Wang Film Productions
Cuppa Coffee Studio	Canada	1992
The Curiosity Company	United States	1999	Formerly known as The ULULU Company
Daume	Japan	1986
David Production	Japan	2007
Def2shoot	France	2002
Digital Domain	United States	1993	Purchased by Galloping Horse Studio in China
	Japan	2000
Diomedea	Japan	2005
Dogakobo	Japan	1973
Floyd County Productions	United States	2009
Dong Woo Animation	South Korea	1991
DR Movie	South Korea	1990
DreamWorks Animation	United States	1994	Subsidiary of Comcast
Eiken	Japan	1969	Formerly known as Television Corporation of Japan
	France	1987	Formerly known as Le Studio Ellipse, Ellipse Programme and Ellipse Animation; property of Dargaud, Inc.
Estudio Haini	Mexico	2003
Exceptional Minds	United States	2011
Feel	Japan	1999
FilmCow	United States	2005
Felix the Cat Productions	United States	1953
Film Roman, Inc.	United States	1984
Floyd County Productions	United States	2009
	Australia	1967
Folimage	France	1981
Fred Wolf Films Dublin	Ireland United States	1967
Frederator Studios	United States	1997
Future Thought Productions	India	1997
	France	1996
Fuzzy Door Productions	United States	1996
G&G Entertainment	South Korea	2000
Gaumont Animation	France	1997	Formerly known as Alphanim until 2009
Glitch Productions	Australia	2017
Global Mechanic	Canada	1995
	Japan	2008
Gonzo	Japan	1992
Grand Slamm Children's Films	United Kingdom	1996
Green Gold Animation	India	2001
Guru Studios	Canada	2000
H5	France	1994
Hanho Heung-Up	South Korea	1984
Haoliners Animation League	China	2013
	United Kingdom	2007	Formerly known as Cartoon Network Studios Europe
Hong Ying Animation	Taiwan	1986
	Japan	2009
	United Kingdom	1993
Illumination	United States	2007	Subsidiary of Comcast
	Canada	1995	Partner of Cinesite
Imagin	Japan	1992
IoM Media Ventures Halifax	Canada	2004	Formerly Halifax Film Company, DHX Media Halifax and DHX Studios Halifax.
InlayFilm	Russia	2007
Industrial Light & Magic	United States	1975	Subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company
icebox Animation	United States	1999
	Canada	1985	Formerly Dan Krech Productions, DKP Studios, Starz Animation, Arc Productions
Janimation	United States	1993
J.C.Staff	Japan	1987
JibJab	United States	1999
	United States	2007
Kandor Graphics	Spain	1992
Khara	Japan	2006
	Jordan	2008
	Japan	2008
	United Kingdom	1978
Klasky Csupo	United States	1982
Koko Enterprises	South Korea	1990
WAU Animation	Malaysia	2013
	United States	1981
Kyoto Animation	Japan	1981
LAIKA	United States	2005
	Japan	2013
	United States	1960
Lerche	Japan	2011
Les Armateurs	France	1994
	Japan	2012
	China	2013
Littlenobody	United Kingdom	2004
	United Kingdom	2014
	United Kingdom	2009
	United States	2003	Subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company; Lucasfilm Animation Singapore closed in 2023
	India	2009
Mac Guff	France United States	1988
Madhouse	Japan	1972
Magic Bus	Japan	1977
	United Kingdom	2003
Makuta VFX	India	2010
MAPPA	Japan	2011
Marvel Animation	United States	2008	Subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company
	United States	2021	Division of Marvel Studios.^[4]
Marza Animation Planet	Japan	2005
Melnitsa Animation Studio	Russia	1999
	Canada	1997
Mighty Animation	Mexico	2012
Millepensee	Japan	2013
Millimages	France	1990
Misseri Studio	Italy	1961
Mondo Media	United States	1988
Mondo TV	Italy	1985
	Japan	1986
	United Kingdom	2018
	United States	1986	Subsidiary of Paramount Global
	Saudi Arabia	2014
National Film Board of Canada	Canada	1939
Nelvana	Canada	1971
	United States	2018
	United States United Kingdom	2000
Nickelodeon Animation Studio	United States	1990	Subsidiary of Paramount Global; formerly known as Games Animation.
	Canada	2003
Nippon Animation	Japan	1962
Nomad	Japan	2003
NUT	Japan	2017
nWave Pictures	Belgium	1994
	United States	1990
Oh! Production	Japan	1970
OLM, Inc.	Japan	1995
Orange	Japan	2004
Ordet	Japan	2007
P.A. Works	Japan	2000
Paramount Animation	United States	2011	Subsidiary of Paramount Global; Paramount's return to having its own animated division for the first time since 1967, when Paramount Cartoon Studio was closed.
	United States United Kingdom	1987
Passione	Japan	2013
	China	2012	Formerly Oriental DreamWorks.^[5]
Pentamedia Graphics	India	1998
Petersburg Animation Studio	Russia	2003
The People's Republic of Animation	Australia	2003
Piranha NYC	United States	2009
Pixar	United States	1986	Subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company; made the first computer-animated feature film, Toy Story
	Australia	1997
Plus One Animation	South Korea	1991
	United States	1985	Formerly known as Bill Plympton Studios
Polygon Pictures	Japan	1983
Post Amazers	Pakistan	2002
Powerhouse Animation Studios, Inc.	United States	2001
Premavision/Clokey Productions	United States	1955
Production I.G	Japan	1987
	Japan	1975	Formally known as Ashi Production
	United States	2000
	United Kingdom	1984
	Italy	1994	Co-owned by Paramount Global from 2011-2023^[6]
	Canada	1991	Formerly Mainframe Entertainment
	United Kingdom	1997
Reel FX Creative Studios	United States	1993
	United States	1992
	United Kingdom	1995
RG Animation Studios	South Korea	1999
	United States South Korea	1991
Rubicon Group Holding	Jordan	2004
Saerom Animation	South Korea	1987
Sanzigen	Japan	2006
Satelight	Japan	1995
Sav! The World Productions	France	1998
Savage Studios Ltd.	United States	1992
Screen Novelties	United States	2000
SEK Studio	North Korea	1957
Seven Arcs	Japan	2002
Silver Link	Japan	2007
Skycron	Canada	2001
	Spain	2002	Formerly known as Ilion Animation Studios
	United States	2010
	United States	1999
SHAFT	Japan	1975
	China	1957
Shin-Ei Animation	Japan	1976
	United States	2003
United States	?
	Canada	2004
	Australia	2002	^[7]
Smallfilms	United Kingdom	1959
	United States	2002	Subsidiary of Sony
	United States	1992	Subsidiary of Sony; visual effects & animation studio; provides animation for most of Sony Pictures Animation's films
South Park Studios	United States	1997	Formerly known as Braniff Productions, Parker-Stone Productions
Soyuzmultfilm	Russia	1936
Sparky Animation	Singapore	2006
Tiny Island Productions	Singapore	2002
Sparx*	China Vietnam	1995	HQ in France.
SpindleHorse Toons	United States	2018
	United Kingdom	1999
	United States	1992	Formerly Mike Young Productions (UK), and MoonScoop US.
	United States	2016	Formerly known as Spümcø, which shut down in 2005, but was later revived in 2016 as Spümtwo.^[8]
	United Kingdom	1999
Stoopid Buddy Stoodios	United States	1999
	United Kingdom	?
Stretch Films	United States	1991
Studio 4°C	Japan	1986
	United Kingdom	1989
Studio Bind	Japan	2018
	Japan	2011
Studio Comet	Japan	1986
Studio DEEN	Japan	1975
Studio Gallop	Japan	1972
Studio Ghibli	Japan	1984
	Japan	2010
	Japan	1979
	United Kingdom	1996
Studio Mir	South Korea	2010
Studio Mother	Japan	2019
Studio Pierrot	Japan	1979
Studio Ponoc	Japan	2015
	Japan	1972
	South Africa	2003
	South Korea	1974
	Japan	1998
	Japan	1962
	United States	2014
	Japan	1968
The Animation Picture Company	United States	2006
	United Kingdom	2013
	United States	1999
TMS Entertainment	Japan	1946
TNK	Japan	1999
	Japan	1948
	Philippines	1993
ToonBangla	Bangladesh	2005
	Canada	2008
Top Draw Animation	Philippines	1999
	Japan	2011
	South Africa	1996
	Japan	2013
Tumblehead Animation Studio	Denmark	2011
	Brazil	1989
	Japan	2009
	Japan	2000
	United States	1991	Formerly known as Universal Cartoon Studios; Subsidiary of Comcast
Vabihav Studios	India	2003
	United States	2002
Vasoon Animation	China	1992
	Brazil	1994
	United States	1923	Subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company; founded after Disney's earlier venture Laugh-O-Gram went bankrupt.
	United States	1985	Subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company
	Japan	2008	Subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company
	Taiwan	1978
Warnakala Studios	Malaysia	2021
	United States	1980	Subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery
	United States	2013	Subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery
	United States	1953
	New Zealand	1993
White Fox	Japan	2007
	Canada	2006	Formerly DHX Media Ltd.
	United Kingdom	2016	Formerly WildBrain Studios. Division of WildBrain Spark
	Canada	2016	Formerly DHX Studios Vancouver. Merger of former Studio B Productions and Nerd Corps Entertainment assets.
	United States	1994	Formerly Ghost Planet Industries; Subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery
	Japan	2012
	Russia	2007
	United States	2009
Xilam	France	1999
	South Africa	1991
Yeson Entertainment	South Korea	1993
	Canada	1996
	Yugoslavia	1953
	Japan	1998
	Spain	2001

Defunct studios

Studio	Country	Founded	Notes and sources
	Australia	?
	Australia	1982–2008
Adelaide Productions	United States	1993–2021	Formerly named Columbia TriStar Children's Television and Columbia TriStar Animation. Currently dormant.
Freelance Animators New Zealand	New Zealand	1989-?
	United States	1962(?)–1966(?)
	United States	2014–2020	Defunct division of Allspark, a defunct subsidiary of Hasbro. Folded alongside the main company into Entertainment One.
	United Kingdom	1989–1997	The animation production arm of Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment. Folded into DreamWorks Animation. Vacant studio became Access Self-Storage.
Animation Collective	United States	2003–2014
A.P.P.P.	Japan	1984–2021
	Japan	1996–2020
	United States	1972^[9]
	United States	1914–1923	After 1917 called Bud Fisher Films Corporation.
Belvision	Belgium	1956–2005
	United States	1962–2006
	United Kingdom	2003–?
	Germany	1999–2009	Former International division of Bohbot Entertainment which split and purchased assets from its former parent company in 2001. Filed for insolvency in 2009
	United Kingdom Spain	2000–2009	UK/Spanish animation studio/subsidiary of BKN International. Shuttered alongside its parent company.
	United States	1985–2001	Also known as BKN in its later years. Assets sold and merged with its International division in 2001.
BRB International	Spain	1972–2022
	United States	1913–1927
Blue Sky Studios	United States	1987–2021	Defunct subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company. Closed in April 2021 by Disney due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on all of its business operations.
	Australia	1981–1988
	United States	1988–2000	Folded into Walt Disney Television Animation
Cambria Productions	United States	1957-1965
	United States	2001–2015	Currently dormant
	United States	1971–1995
	Canada	1976–2004	Reincorporated as Cookie Jar Entertainment.
	United States	2004–2006	Defunct subdivision of Walt Disney company
Clockwork Zoo Animation	South Africa	2008–2010	Formerly Octagon CSI.
CMTB Animation	United Kingdom	1981-1991
	United States	1976–1999
	Canada	1976–2014	Formerly Cinar, based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
	United Kingdom	1976–2009	ITV owners wound down after purchase.
Créativité & Développement	France	1987–1996	Assets purchased by Saban Entertainment.
	India United States	1986–2013	Folded by Splash Entertainment.
	India	1990–2013	Folded by Splash Entertainment.
	United States	2018–2021	Formerly named Ellation Studios
	United States	1978–2014	Formerly Stowmar Enterprises and Broadcast Arts.
Danger Productions	United States	1990–1998
	Canada	1997–2010's	Merged with Halifax Film. Later renamed to DHX Media Toronto before closure of animation division.
	United States	1963–1981	Re-organized as Marvel Productions.
	France	1971–1987	Separated when Andy Heyward purchased DIC's operations from RTL and made their US offices the main base of operations. French offices re-incorporated into Créativité & Développement
	United States	1982–2008	Founded as DIC Enterprises and later named DIC Productions. Purchased and folded by Cookie Jar Entertainment in 2008
Dingo Pictures	Germany	1993	Founded as Media Concept, in 2019 original owner died and assets were given to friends. In 2021 a research team took over Dingo Pictures.
DisneyToon Studios	United States	1990–2018	Defunct subdivision of Walt Disney Company
	Australia	1988–2006	Also known as Walt Disney Animation Australia
	United States	1987–2006	Became Reel FX Animation Studios.
	United States	1972–2015	Folded into Noble Animation.
Dygra Films	Spain	1987–2012
Fatkat	Canada	1999–2009
	United States	1963–1989	Folded by L'Oreal, assets now owned by DreamWorks Animation through DreamWorks Classics
FilmFair	United States United Kingdom	1968–1996	US operations purchased by the Altschul Group Corporation in 1992, UK operations purchased by Cinar in 1996
Fine Arts Films	United States United Kingdom	1955–1996
Fleischer Studios (Inkwell Studios/Famous Studios/Paramount Cartoon Studios)	United States	1921–1967	Name changed in 1928, 1942, 1956.
Flicks Films	United Kingdom	1973-1991
	United States	1959
	United States	1994–2000	See also: 20th Century Fox Animation above
Gainax	Japan	1984–2024
	United States	1990
George Pal Studio	United States	1940–1948	Stop-motion animation only.
	Japan	2017–2023	Merged with its parent company, Geek Pictures.
	United States	1990–2004
	United States	1954–1967
Group TAC	Japan	1968–2010
	United Kingdom	1946–1950
Gunther-Wahl Productions	United States	1992-2001
	United States	1988–2001
Hal Film Maker	Japan	1993–2009	Merged with Yumeta Company into TYO Animations.
	United Kingdom	1940–1986
	United States	1957–2001	Folded into Cartoon Network Studios; defunct subdivision of AT&T
	United States	1930–1960
	United Kingdom United States	1982–2016	Folded into Mattel Creations; defunct subdivision of Mattel
HOT Animation	United Kingdom	1997-2012
	New Zealand	1996–2022	Defunct since December 2022
ImageMovers Digital	United States	2009–2011	Joint-venture between ImageMovers and The Walt Disney Company. Folded after Mars Needs Moms bombed at the box office
	United States / China / Japan	2000–2010
	United States	1915–1918
International Rocketship Limited	Canada	1975-2000
Jack Kinney Productions	United States	1960–1963
	United States	1958–1984
John Lemmon Films	United States	1984–2018
John Sutherland Productions	United States	1945–1991^[10] ^[11]
	United States	1958–1962
Jetix Animation Concepts	United States	2004–2009	Label of Walt Disney Television Animation
	United States Japan	1992–1996
Korty Films	United States	1964-2012
Kroyer Films	United States	1986–1994	Studio inactive as of 1994.
Kyivnaukfilm	USSR	1941–1998
Lacewood	Canada	1988-1998
	United States	1921–1923	Walt Disney's first animation venture, which didn't last long.
	United States	1999–2023
	Singapore	2003–2023
	United States	1933–1964 1967–1969	Schlesinger sold the studio to Warner Bros in 1944, in 1964 the studio closed down, and reopened briefly in 1967 to close down in 1969.
Manglobe	Japan	2002–2015
Marathon Media Group	France	1990–2016	Subsidiary of Zodiak Entertainment, folded after Zodiak Media merged with the Banijay Group
March Entertainment	Canada	1996-early 2010s
	United States	1966	Also known as MAPI
	United States	1937–1957
MGM Animation	United States	1993–1999	Dormant since 1999; defunct subdivision of MGM Holdings
	United States	1962–1970
Mirari Films	United States	1999–2022
MOM Production	Japan	1959-1969
MoonScoop Group	France	2003–2014	Filed for administration in 2013. Assets now owned by Dargaud, while US operations were separated as Splash Entertainment
Mushi Production	Japan	1961–1973	A new studio with the same name was established in 1977 and is still active.
Nerd Corps Entertainment	Canada	2002–2016	Purchased by DHX Media in 2014, folded into DHX Studios Vancouver in 2016
Omation Animation Studio	United States	2002-2013
	United States	1978–1991	Folded into Colossal Pictures.
Pacific Data Images	United States	1980–2015	Closed by DreamWorks Animation.
Pannónia Film Studio	Hungary	1951–2015
Perpetual Motion Pictures	United States	1968–1982	Renamed Buzzco Associates by Buzz Potamkin in 1982
	United States	1987–1998
	Russia	1988–?
Pixar Canada	Canada	2010-2013	Defunct subdivision of Walt Disney Company
	United States	1995–2011	defunct subdivision of PorchLight Worldwide, Inc.
Primal Screen	United States	1995-2024
The Pygos Group	Switzerland	1979–2001
	United States	2000–2021
	Japan	1995–2006
	United States	1960–1987	Founded as VideoCraft International. Folded by Telepictures Corporation. Pre-1974 library owned by DreamWorks Animation through DreamWorks Classics, Post-1974 library owned by Warner Bros.
		1949–1970	Operated in Prague by Americans.
	United States	1987–2013
	United Kingdom	1958–1992
	United States	1977–1996	Studio inactive as of 1996.
	United States	2003-2024	Defunct subsidiary of Warner Bros. Discovery. Closed in May 2024 by Warner Bros.
	United States-Israel	1983–2002	Purchased by Disney in 2001 as part of the Fox Family Worldwide purchase. Currently legally known as BVS Entertainment
Se-ma-for	Poland	1947–2018
	France	1977–2009	Founded as Saban International Paris. Separated from Saban in 2001 after Disney buyout, stake purchased by Disney in 2002 and renamed to SIP Animation in the same year. Filed for liquidation and closed in 2009
	United States	1986–1998	Renamed as Skellington in 1992.
	United States	1993–2015	Formerly named Tom Snyder Productions
Spectrum Animation	Japan	1988-1998
Spümcø	United States	1989-2005	Became Spümtwo.
	Canada	1988–2016	Purchased by DHX Media in 2007, renamed to DHX Media Vancouver in 2010, folded into DHX Studios Vancouver in 2016.
	Russia	1968–1994
	Japan	1983–2016
	Ireland United States	1979–1995
	United States	1980–2004	Purchased by Sony Wonder in 1998 and then TV-Loonland AG in 2000, folded into the latter in 2004
	United States	1928–1968
	Japan	1971–1985	Became Studio Ghibli
	United States	1960–1968
	United States	2009–2012	Absorbed into Digital Domain
	United States	1991–1996	Folded into Warner Bros. Feature Animation
	Germany	1989–2009	First known as TMO-Film and later TMO-Loonland. Filed for insolvency in 2009, majority of former assets now owned by M4E AG
	Canada UK	1961–1979 1988–1997
Ub Iwerks Studio/Cartoons Films Inc	United States	1930–1936	Iwerks sold the studio in 1936, but the studio continued to produce animation commercials into the mid-1940s.
	United States	1943–2000	Also known as UPA
	United States	1928–1936
Varga Studio	Hungary	1988–2005
	Canada	1996–2000	Defunct subdivision of Walt Disney Television Animation
	France	1986–2003	Founded as Brizzi Films, Defunct subdivision of Walt Disney Television Animation
	Japan	1984–2004	Founded as Pacific Animation. Defunct subdivision of Walt Disney Television Animation
	United States	1989–2004	Became a general satellite studio of Walt Disney Animation Studios, founded after earlier venture Disney's Hollywood Studios went bankrupt and for additional output.
	United States	1929–1948 1950–1972	Universal now owns the library.
	United States	1994–2004	Folded into Warner Bros. Animation
	United States	1994–2015	Folded into DHX's other operations, name reused for a streaming service and eventually the rebranding of DHX
	United States	1979–2005	Became LAIKA.
Winkler Pictures /Charles Mintz Studios**/Screen Gems Studio***	United States	1921–1946	Also known as M.J. Winkler Productions and Robert Winkler Productions **Re-organization in 1929 ***Re-organization in 1940
	Japan	1995-2019	Absorbed into Sunrise
	United States	1989-1994

See also

• List of animation studios owned by Comcast NBCUniversal
• List of animation studios owned by Paramount Global
• List of animation studios owned by the Walt Disney Company
• List of animation studios owned by Warner Bros. Discovery
• List of animation studios owned by Sony
• List of Japanese animation studios
• List of animation distribution companies
• Film genre
• Motion graphic design

Notes and References

1. Web site: ABOUT. 2014-08-31. a1p.jp. A-1 Pictures Inc.. ja.
2. Web site: White . Peter . 'Avatar: The Last Airbender' Franchise To Expand With Launch Of Nickelodeon's Avatar Studios, Animated Theatrical Film In The Works . Deadline . March 10, 2021 . February 24, 2021.
3. Yang . Rachel . Nickelodeon to expand Avatar: The Last Airbender with creators — first up is an animated film . Entertainment Weekly . March 10, 2021 . February 24, 2021.
4. Web site: Shanfeld . Ethan . July 20, 2021 . Marvel's Victoria Alonso Teases 'Mini Studio' for Animation and Discusses Representation in Superhero Stories at NALIP Summit . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210720195617/https://variety.com/2021/tv/news/marvel-victoria-alonso-new-series-representation-1235023739/ . July 20, 2021 . December 13, 2021 . Variety.
5. Web site: Oriental Dreamworks Relaunches As 100% Chinese-Owned Pearl Studio. Amidi. Amid. Cartoon Brew. February 2, 2018. February 2, 2018.
6. Web site: Viacom takes stake in Rainbow. Variety. 4 February 2011. Vivarelli. Nick.
7. Web site: SLR Productions — Creative, adventurous, imaginative and exciting programmes for kids. SLR Productions.
8. News: Del Valle, Gabe. John K. and I Are in the Process of Opening a Company. Tumblr. 2016-04-17. 19 August 2016.
9. Web site: BAKSHI PRODUCTIONS, INC. . 2023-03-17 . opencorporates.com.
10. https://books.google.no/books?id=IGNjEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA20&dq=1945+John+Sutherland+Productions&hl=no&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7t5GWzb-FAxVZKRAIHcaMAu4Q6AF6BAgGEAI#v=onepage&q=1945%20John%20Sutherland%20Productions&f=false Animation Behind the Iron Curtain
11. https://www.hoganmag.com/blog/animating-ideas-the-john-sutherland-story Animating Ideas: The John Sutherland Story