Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919 explained

Type:	Bilateral Treaty
Location Signed:	Rawalpindi, Punjab, British India (present-day Punjab, Pakistan)

The Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919,^{[1] [2]} also known as the Treaty of Rawalpindi, was a treaty which brought the Third Anglo-Afghan War to an end.^[3] It was signed on 8 August 1919 in Rawalpindi, Punjab, by the United Kingdom and the Emirate of Afghanistan. Britain recognised Afghanistan's independence (as per Article 5 of the treaty), agreed that British India would not extend past the Khyber Pass and stopped British subsidies to Afghanistan. Afghanistan also accepted all previously agreed border arrangements with British India as per Article 5 of the Anglo-Afghan treaty of 1919.^{[4] [5] [6] [7]} Thus, Afghanistan as an independent country agreed to recognise the Durand Line as international border between the two countries.^{[4] [5] [7] [8]}

See also

• First Anglo-Afghan War

Further reading

• • Fremont-Barnes, Gregory. The Anglo-Afghan Wars 1839–1919 (2014)
• Tripodi, Christian. "Grand Strategy and the Graveyard of Assumptions: Britain and Afghanistan, 1839–1919." Journal of Strategic Studies 33.5 (2010): 701–725. online

External links

• Treaty Between the British and Afghan Governments. Signed at Kabul, 22 November 1921.
• Original manuscript on official uk govt website

Notes and References

1. Book: Adamec, Ludwig W. . Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan . 2011 . Scarecrow Press . 978-0-8108-7957-7 . 49 . 2012-06-26.
2. Web site: Khalfin . N. A. . Anglo-Afghan Treaties and Agreements of the 19th and 20th Centuries . 26 June 2012.
3. Web site: Third Afghan War (1919) . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20120608223454/http://www.nam.ac.uk/exhibitions/online-exhibitions/road-kabul/third-afghan-war . 2012-06-08 . 2012-06-26 . National Army Museum.
4. News: Arwin Rahi . Why the Durand Line Matters . The Diplomat .
5. Book: Tom Lansford . Afghanistan at War: From the 18th-Century Durrani Dynasty to the 21st Century . 2017 . ABC CLIO . 978-1-59884-760-4 . 146.
6. Web site: Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952–1954, Africa and South Asia, Volume XI, Part 2 . 20 March 2020 . Office of the Historian.
7. News: 13 September 2017 . Naming the line . The News .
8. Book: M.D. Hamid Hadi . Afghanistan's Experiences: The History of the Most Horrifying Events Involving Politics, Religion, and Terrorism . 2016 . AuthorHouse . 978-1-5246-0006-8.