Andrew McMichael explained

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Sir Andrew James McMichael, (born 8 November 1943) is an immunologist, Professor of Molecular Medicine, and previously Director of the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine at the University of Oxford. He is particularly known for his work on T cell responses to viral infections such as influenza and HIV.

Early life and education

McMichael was born in London on 8 November 1943 to Sir John McMichael and Joan Catherine.[1] He went to school at St Pauls and then to the University of Cambridge at Gonville and Caius College to study medicine (1962 - 1968).[2] He went on to complete a PhD at the National Institute for Medical Research supervised by 'Ita' Brigitte Askonas and Alan Williamson. His thesis, published in 1975, is entitled The clonal expression of antibody-forming cells.[3]

Career and research

After his PhD McMichael completed his postdoctoral research supervised by Hugh McDevitt at Stanford University.[4] In 1977 he returned to the UK to study the T cell response to HIV infection. His research group have created two HIV vaccines which were tested in phase I clinical trials.[5] McMichael became director of the Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine in 2000, and remained so until 2012.[6] He founded the MRC Human Immunology Unit in 1998 as honorary director until 2010.

McMichael has supervised over 55 DPhil students over his career, many of whom have gone on to become leading immunologists themselves:

In addition McMichael supervised postdoctoral researchers, including Tomáš Hanke (Professor of Vaccine Immunology), and Sarah Rowland-Jones (Professor of Immunology).[30] [31] [32] [33]

Awards and honours

Personal life

In 1968 McMichael married Kathryn 'Kate' Elizabeth Cross, they have two sons and one daughter. McMichael enjoys walking and skiing at his house in La Salle les Alpes, France.

Notable works

McMichael. A. J.. Ting. A.. Zweerink. H. J.. Askonas. Brigitte A.. 1977. HLA restriction of cell-mediated lysis of influenza virus-infected human cells. Nature. En. 270. 5637. 524–526. 10.1038/270524a0. 593371. 1476-4687. 1977Natur.270..524M. 4173925.

McMichael. A. J.. Gotch. F. M.. Noble. G. R.. Beare. P. A.. 1983-07-07. Cytotoxic T-cell immunity to influenza. The New England Journal of Medicine. 309. 1. 13–17. 10.1056/NEJM198307073090103. 0028-4793. 6602294.

Townsend. A. R.. Rothbard. J.. Gotch. F. M.. Bahadur. G.. Wraith. D.. McMichael. A. J.. 1986-03-28. The epitopes of influenza nucleoprotein recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes can be defined with short synthetic peptides. Cell. 44. 6. 959–968. 0092-8674. 2420472. 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90019-x. 23606100.

Phillips. R. E.. Rowland-Jones. S.. Nixon. D. F.. Gotch. F. M.. Edwards. J. P.. Ogunlesi. A. O.. Elvin. J. G.. Rothbard. J. A.. Bangham. C. R.. 1991-12-12. Human immunodeficiency virus genetic variation that can escape cytotoxic T cell recognition. Nature. 354. 6353. 453–459. 10.1038/354453a0. 0028-0836. 1721107. 1991Natur.354..453P. 4257933. free.

Altman. J. D.. Moss. P. A.. Goulder. P. J.. Barouch. D. H.. McHeyzer-Williams. M. G.. Bell. J. I.. McMichael. A. J.. Davis. M. M.. 1996-10-04. Phenotypic analysis of antigen-specific T lymphocytes. Science. 274. 5284. 94–96. 0036-8075. 8810254. 10.1126/science.274.5284.94. 1996Sci...274...94A. 12667633.

Goonetilleke. Nilu. Liu. Michael K. P.. Salazar-Gonzalez. Jesus F.. Ferrari. Guido. Giorgi. Elena. Ganusov. Vitaly V.. Keele. Brandon F.. Learn. Gerald H.. Turnbull. Emma L.. 2009-06-08. The first T cell response to transmitted/founder virus contributes to the control of acute viremia in HIV-1 infection. The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 206. 6. 1253–1272. 10.1084/jem.20090365. 1540-9538. 2715063. 19487423.

Liu. Michael K. P.. Hawkins. Natalie. Ritchie. Adam J.. Ganusov. Vitaly V.. Whale. Victoria. Brackenridge. Simon. Li. Hui. Pavlicek. Jeffrey W.. Cai. Fangping. January 2013. Vertical T cell immunodominance and epitope entropy determine HIV-1 escape. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 123. 1. 380–393. 10.1172/JCI65330. 1558-8238. 3533301. 23221345.

Fellay. Jacques. Shianna. Kevin V.. Ge. Dongliang. Colombo. Sara. Ledergerber. Bruno. Weale. Mike. Zhang. Kunlin. Gumbs. Curtis. Castagna. Antonella. 2007-08-17. A Whole-Genome Association Study of Major Determinants for Host Control of HIV-1. Science. en. 317. 5840. 944–947. 10.1126/science.1143767. 0036-8075. 17641165. 1991296. 2007Sci...317..944F.

Hill. Adrian V. S.. Allsopp. Catherine E. M.. Kwiatkowski. Dominic. Anstey. Nicholas M.. Twumasi. Patrick. Rowe. Pamela A.. Bennett. Stephen. Brewster. David. McMichael. Andrew J.. 1991. Common West African HLA antigens are associated with protection from severe malaria. Nature. En. 352. 6336. 595–600. 10.1038/352595a0. 1865923. 1476-4687. 1991Natur.352..595H. free.

Braud. Veronique M.. Allan. David S. J.. O'Callaghan. Christopher A.. Söderström. Kalle. D'Andrea. Annalisa. Ogg. Graham S.. Lazetic. Sasha. Young. Neil T.. Bell. John I.. 1998. HLA-E binds to natural killer cell receptors CD94/NKG2A, B and C. Nature. En. 391. 6669. 795–799. 10.1038/35869. 9486650. 1476-4687. 1998Natur.391..795B. 4379457.

McMichael. Andrew J.. Rowland-Jones. Sarah L.. 2001-04-19. Cellular immune responses to HIV. Nature. En. 410. 6831. 980–987. 10.1038/35073658. 11309628. 2001Natur.410..980M. free.

Appay. Victor. Dunbar. P. Rod. Callan. Margaret. Klenerman. Paul. Gillespie. Geraldine M.A.. Papagno. Laura. Ogg. Graham S.. King. Abigail. Lechner. Franziska. 2002. Memory CD8+ T cells vary in differentiation phenotype in different persistent virus infections. Nature Medicine. En. 8. 4. 379–385. 10.1038/nm0402-379. 11927944. 22346636. 1546-170X.

McMichael. Andrew J.. Borrow. Persephone. Tomaras. Georgia D.. Goonetilleke. Nilu. Haynes. Barton F.. 2010. The immune response during acute HIV-1 infection: clues for vaccine development. Nature Reviews Immunology. En. 10. 1. 11–23. 10.1038/nri2674. 20010788. 1474-1741. 3119211.

Notes and References

  1. Web site: December 2007. McMichael, Sir Andrew (James). Who's Who. Oxford University Press. en. 10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.U26104. 978-0-19-954088-4.
  2. Web site: Sylvia Vetta meets Professor Sir Andrew McMichael, Oxford University Professor of Molecular Medicine. Vetta. Sylvia. June 2014. 11 February 2018.
  3. McMichael. A. J.. The clonal expression of antibody-forming cells. 1975. Ph.D.. Council for National Academic Awards (United Kingdom). England. en. .
  4. News: Interview with leading HIV vaccine researcher - Prof. Sir Andrew McMichael - 80,000 Hours. 2014-01-28. 80,000 Hours. 2018-02-11. en-US.
  5. Web site: Andrew McMichael: Some final words - Nuffield Department of Medicine. www.ndm.ox.ac.uk. 2018-02-11.
  6. News: Jenner Institute News. May 2013. 11 February 2018.
  7. Nixon. Douglas F.. Cytotoxic T cell immunity in HIV infection. 1990. Thesis DPhil--University of Oxford.
  8. Web site: Nixon, Douglas.
  9. Makgoba. M. W.. Studies on the polymorphism of HLA class II antigens. 1983. Thesis DPhil--University of Oxford.
  10. Mwau. Matilu. Clinical evaluation of a candidate HIV-1 Clade A DNA/MVA vaccine designed for Kenya. 2004. Thesis DPhil--University of Oxford.
  11. Web site: Prof. Matilu Mwau – Consortium for National Health Research. www.keshop.co.ke. en-US. 2018-02-11. https://web.archive.org/web/20180212090254/http://www.keshop.co.ke/cnhrsite/team/prof-matilu-mwau/. 12 February 2018. dead.
  12. Bowness. Paul. Recognition of antigen and superantigen by cytotoxic lymphocytes. 1993. Thesis DPhil--University of Oxford.
  13. Web site: Paul Bowness — University of Oxford, Medical Sciences Division. www.medsci.ox.ac.uk. en. 2018-02-11.
  14. Gallimore. Awen M.. Simian immunodeficiency virus: specific cytotoxic T cell responses in cynomolgus macaques. 1994. Thesis DPhil--University of Oxford.
  15. Web site: The Team. cancerimmunology.co.uk. 2018-02-11.
  16. News: Professor Awen Gallimore - People - Cardiff University. Cardiff University. 2018-02-11. en.
  17. Klenerman. Paul. Cytotoxic T cell antagonism in HIV infection. 1995. Thesis DPhil--University of Oxford.
  18. Web site: Professor Paul Klenerman - Nuffield Department of Medicine. www.ndm.ox.ac.uk. 2018-02-12.
  19. Web site: paul Klenerman. Loop. en. 2018-02-12.
  20. Barouch. Dan H.. Peptide binding and presentation by HLA-A2. 1995. Thesis DPhil--University of Oxford.
  21. Web site: Immunology Faculty Member - Dan Barouch, MD, PhD. 2014-07-14. Harvard Medical School.
  22. Hambleton. Sophie. Notch and immunodominance in CD8+ T cell responses. 2001. Thesis DPhil--University of Oxford.
  23. Web site: Staff Profile - Institute of Cellular Medicine - Newcastle University. www.ncl.ac.uk. 2018-02-12.
  24. Web site: Newcastle Hospitals - Hambleton, Dr Sophie . www.newcastle-hospitals.org.uk. en. 2018-02-12.
  25. Seneviratne. Suranjith Luke. Investigation of T cells in atopic disease. 2003. Thesis DPhil--University of Oxford.
  26. Web site: Professor Suranjith Seneviratne, Allergy Medicine Nuffield Health. www.nuffieldhealth.com. en-GB. 2018-02-12.
  27. News: Suranjith Seneviratne, MBBS, MD, FRCP, FRCPath, DPhil, FCCP The Ehlers Danlos Society. The Ehlers Danlos Society. 2018-02-12. en-US.
  28. Ho. Ling-Pei. The role of CD1d restricted NKT cells in the immunopathology of sarcoidosis. 2004. Thesis DPhil--University of Oxford.
  29. Web site: Professor Ling-Pei Ho - Nuffield Department of Medicine. www.ndm.ox.ac.uk. 2018-02-12.
  30. Web site: Professor Tomas Hanke - Nuffield Department of Medicine. www.ndm.ox.ac.uk. 2018-02-12.
  31. News: Outsmarting HIV. INTERNATIONAL INNOVATION.
  32. Web site: Professor Sarah L Rowland-Jones - Nuffield Department of Medicine. www.ndm.ox.ac.uk. 2018-02-12.
  33. Web site: WiLS Database - Expert Women in Life Sciences. wils-database.embo.org. 2018-02-12.
  34. Web site: Andrew McMichael. royalsociety.org. en-gb. 2018-02-11.
  35. News: You will shape the future, Imperial College London's Rector tells new graduates. Jones. J-P. 5 May 2010. Imperial College London. 11 February 2018.
  36. Web site: Awards - American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. www.ashi-hla.org. 2018-02-11.
  37. Web site: Sir Andrew McMichael The Academy of Medical Sciences. acmedsci.ac.uk. 2018-02-11.
  38. Web site: Professor Andrew McMichael - Sheikh Hamdan Bin Rashid Al Maktoum Award for Medical Sciences - HMA. hmaward.org.ae. en-gb. 2018-02-11.
  39. Web site: Imperial College London - Ernst Chain prize for HIV vaccines researcher. www.imperial.ac.uk. en. 2018-02-11.
  40. Dennis. Carina. 2006-12-13. Model Mentors. Nature. en. 444. 7121. 966–968. 10.1038/nj7121-966a. 17203554. 5316736.
  41. 2006-09-06. News in brief. Nature. En. 443. 7107. 14–15. 10.1038/443014a. 2006Natur.443...14.. 4380243.
  42. News: Dame honour for Oxfam executive. 2008-06-14. 2018-02-11. en-GB.
  43. McMichael. Andrew J.. 2013-05-21. In pursuit of an HIV vaccine: an interview with Andrew McMichael. BMC Biology. 11. 60. 10.1186/1741-7007-11-60. 23692824. 3660203. 1741-7007 . free .

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