| Type: | Archbishop |
| Honorific-Prefix: | His Excellency |
| André-Joseph Léonard | |
| Archbishop Emeritus of Mechelen-Brussels | |
| Church: | Catholic Church |
| Enthroned: | 27 February 2010 |
| Ended: | 6 November 2015 |
| Predecessor: | Godfried Danneels |
| Successor: | Jozef De Kesel |
| Ordination: | 19 July 1964 |
| Consecration: | 14 April 1991 |
| Consecrated By: | André-Marie Charue |
| Other Post: | Bishop of Namur (1991-2010) |
| Motto: | French: Oh, oui, viens, Seigneur Jésus! 22:17–20 NIV[1] |
| Birth Name: | André Léonard |
| Birth Date: | 6 May 1940 |
| Birth Place: | Jambes, Namur, Belgium |
| Nationality: | Belgian |
| Occupation: | Philosopher, theologian |
| Alma Mater: | Université catholique de Louvain |
| Signature: | Bishop André-Mutien Léonard signature.svg |
| Coat Of Arms: | Coat of arms of André-Joseph Léonard.svg |
André-Joseph Léonard (born 6 May 1940) is a Belgian Catholic retired prelate who served as the Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels and Primate of Belgium from 2010 to 2015.
He had previously served as Bishop of Namur from 1991 until 2010 under the name André-Mutien Léonard. Pope Francis accepted his resignation from Mechelen-Brussels on 1 June 2015.
Léonard was born André Léonard on 6 May 1940 in Jambes, Namur. His father died shortly after his birth during the first days of the German invasion of Belgium. He is one of four brothers who all became diocesan priests. After his studies at the Collège Notre-Dame de la Paix in Namur, he was sent by André-Marie Charue, the Bishop of Namur, to Pope Leo XIII Seminary in Leuven, where he earned a master's degree in Philosophy.
Léonard continued his studies in Rome at the Belgian Pontifical College, where he graduated with a degree in theology. He was ordained a priest on 19 July 1964 by Charue. He stayed in Rome, and earned a Licentiate of Sacred Theology at the Pontifical Gregorian University.
In 1974 Léonard obtained a doctorate in philosophy from the Catholic University of Louvain, with a thesis entitled "A literal commentary on the logic of Hegel". He taught in the philosophy department of Louvain until 1991. In the late 1980s he became a member of the International Theological Commission, the consultative organ of the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith.
Léonard was appointed Bishop of Namur by Pope John Paul II on 7 February 1991, for which he was consecrated on 14 April of that year by Cardinal Godfried Danneels.[2] He has been described as a man whose theological vision is in line with Pope Benedict XVI's.
As Bishop of Namur, Léonard focused in particular upon youth ministry and the promotion of vocations to the priesthood. His seminary complex, which also includes Redemptoris Mater Seminary run by the Neocatechumenate movement, is said to have the largest enrollment in Belgium (where in 2010, 35 of the 71 Belgian seminarians study). Italian Vatican writer Andrea Tornielli reports that Léonard is considered "the most traditional of the Belgian bishops".[3]
When first named a bishop, Léonard added the name "Mutien" to his first name André in honor of Mutien-Marie Wiaux, a Belgian Brother of the Christian Schools who is honored as a saint.
Léonard preached the 1999 Lenten retreat for Pope John Paul II and the Roman Curia.[4]
On 18 January 2010, Léonard was appointed Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels by Pope Benedict XVI,[5] replacing the retiring Cardinal Danneels.[6]
When named Archbishop of Mechelen-Brussels, Léonard chose to drop "Mutien" and instead appended "Joseph" to his name, in reference to Saint Joseph, patron saint of Belgium.[7]
On 5 January 2011, Léonard was appointed among the first members of the newly created Pontifical Council for the Promotion of the New Evangelisation.[8]
In response to Léonard's appointment, Deputy Prime Minister Laurette Onkelinx, who is also the country's health minister, said, "Church and State are separate in Belgium, but when there are problems in our society, all the social partners sit down around a table, including representatives of secularism and of religion. Cardinal Danneels was a man of openness, of tolerance and was able to fit in there. Léonard has already regularly challenged decisions made by our parliament." She added: "Concerning AIDS, he's against the use of condoms even while people are dying from it every day. He is against abortion and euthanasia ... The pope's choice could undermine the compromise that allows us to live together with respect for everyone."
The Socialist Party said it "insists that Archbishop Léonard respects democratic decisions taken by the institutions of our country. For the Socialist Party, the rights and duties that people take on democratically take precedence over religious traditions and commandments, without any exception.".[9]
In April 2010, the then-Bishop of Bruges, Roger Vangheluwe, retired and admitted that for years he had abused a nephew. In June 2010, police raided both the palace of the archbishop and the home of retired Cardinal Godfried Danneels. The offices of an independent commission set up by the newly installed Léonard in early 2010 to look into cases of sexual abuse were also raided. At the time, Léonard said the move showed that the Church wanted to "resolutely turn a page on a very painful" topic.[10] There was no suggestion Léonard was involved in a coverup (having been in the office for half a year), but he was criticized for saying that full prosecution of elderly abusive priests was unnecessary given their age and the effect public prosecutions would have on victims.[6]
The raids were not well received by the Catholic Church, even raising the ire of the Pope.[11] Pope Benedict XVI in a letter addressed to Archbishop Leonard said that: "I wish to express to you, dear Brother in the Episcopate, as well as to all the Bishops of Belgium, my closeness and my solidarity at this moment of sadness, in which, with certain surprising and deplorable modalities, searches have been carried out, including in the Cathedral of Mechelen and in the premises where the Belgian Episcopate was meeting in Plenary Session. During this meeting, there should have been, inter alia, aspects related to the abuse of minors by clergy. I myself have repeated many times that these serious facts should be dealt with by the civil order and by the canonical order in the mutual respect of the specificity and autonomy of each. In this sense, I hope that justice will follow its course by guaranteeing the rights of individuals and institutions, with respect for the victims."[12]
In 2007, Belgium was facing one of the longest and most intense political crises in its 178 years of existence.After the Belgian general election of 2007, Belgium entered a period of communitarian tensions and political instability, mostly caused by the different opinions about the need and the extent of a state reform.
On 9 July 2008, Bishop Léonard published an open letter on the website of the Diocese of Namur entitled The end of Belgium? (French: La fin de la Belgique?). He wrote that Belgium will not fall apart:
Léonard asked Walloons and French-speaking inhabitants of Brussels to renounce their superiority complex of the French language against Dutch-speaking Belgians. Bishop Léonard himself is a proficient speaker of Dutch.
The letter was published the same month in the Dutch Catholic magazine Katholiek Nieuwsblad.[18]
In an April 2007 interview for the weekly , Léonard was asked about his position on homosexuality and described homosexual behaviour as "abnormal".[19]
As a consequence, Léonard was charged with homophobia under Belgium's 2003 Anti-Discrimination Act, after gay activists have said he sought to "stigmatize" homosexuals. Due to the criticisms that followed his interview, Bishop Léonard quickly clarified that it is their behaviour that is abnormal, not their very person.
In April 2009, the Belgian courts ruled that Léonard's comments were not severe enough to be considered slander or discrimination.[20]
"Homosexuality is not the same as normal sex in the same way that anorexia is not a normal appetite," Léonard said in an interview for a Belgian television station. He added that he would "never call anorexia patients abnormal."[21]
In April 2013, Léonard was doused with water from bottles shaped like the Virgin Mary by four topless FEMEN activists while participating in a debate with philosophy professor Guy Haarscher on the subject of blasphemy and freedom of speech at the Université libre de Bruxelles.[22] [23] The archbishop remained in silent prayer during the incident.[24]
Upon reaching the age of 75 on 6 May 2015, Léonard submitted his resignation as archbishop to the Apostolic Nuncio of the Holy See to Belgium, as required by Church law.[25] On the following 1 June, the archdiocese announced that Pope Francis had accepted it, to be effective with the naming of his successor. While the archdiocese described it as a routine response,[26] some media speculated that this was an exceptionally quick action.[27]