Andira clade explained

The Andira clade is a predominantly Neotropical, monophyletic clade of the flowering plant subfamily Faboideae (or Papilionaceae). The members of this clade were formerly included in tribe Dalbergieae,^[1] but this placement was questioned due to differences in wood anatomy and fruit, seed, seedling, floral, and vegetative characters.^{[2] [3] [4] [5]} Recent molecular phylogenetic evidence has shown that they belong to a unique evolutionary lineage.^{[6] [7] [8] [9]} It is predicted to have diverged from the other legume lineages in the late Eocene).^[10]

Description

The name of this clade is informal and is not assumed to have any particular taxonomic rank like the names authorized by the ICBN or the ICPN.^[11] The clade does not currently have a node-based definition, but several morphological synapomorphies have been identified: "mostly fascicled leaves and densely flowered paniculate inflorescences at distal branch ends, [...] truly papilionate flowers involving petal differentiation and stamen connation", and "divergent fruit morphologies" (drupaceous in Andira and laterally compressed samaras in Hymenolobium).

Notes and References

1. Book: Polhill RM . 1981 . Dalbergieae . Polhill RM, Raven PH . Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 1 . http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=318 . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . 233–242 . 9780855212247 .
2. Book: Baretta-Kuipers T. . 1981 . Wood anatomy of Leguminosae: its relevance to taxonomy . Polhill RM, Raven PH . Advances in Legume Systematics, Part 2 . http://www.kewbooks.com/asps/ShowDetails.asp?id=318 . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . 677–705 . 9780855212247 .
3. de Lima HC. . 1990 . Tribo Dalbergieae (Leguminosae Papilionoideae)—morfologia do frutos, sementes e plântulas e sua aplicação na sistemática . Tribe Dalbergieae (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae)—fruit, seed, and seedling morphology and its application to systematics . . 304 . 1–42 .
4. Pennington RT . 1995 . Cladistic analysis of chloroplast DNA restriction site characters in Andira (Leguminosae: Dalbergieae) . . 82 . 4 . 526–534 . 10.2307/2445701 . 2445701 .
5. Pennington RT . 2003 . A monograph of Andira (Leguminosae: Papilionoideae) . . 64 . 1–145 . 10.2307/25027903 . 25027903 . 2014-02-14 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140222211322/http://herbarium.lsa.umich.edu/SBMweb/sbmcat.html#v64 . 2014-02-22 . dead .
6. Wojciechowski MF, Lavin M, Sanderson MJ . 2004 . A phylogeny of legumes (Leguminosae) based on analysis of the plastid matK gene resolves many well-supported subclades within the family . . 91 . 1846–1862 . 10.3732/ajb.91.11.1846 . 21652332 . 11. free .
7. Lavin M, Pennington RT, Klitgaard BB, Sprent JI, de Lima HC, Gasson PE . 2001 . The dalbergioid legumes (Fabaceae): delimitation of a pantropical monophyletic clade . . 88 . 3 . 503–33 . 11250829 . 10.2307/2657116 . 2657116 .
8. Pennington RT, Lavin M, Ireland H, Klitgaard B, Preston J, ((Hu J-M)) . 2001 . Phylogenetic relationships of basal papilionoid legumes based upon sequences of the chloroplast trnL intron . . 55 . 5 . 818–836 . 10.1043/0363-6445-26.3.537 . 31 January 2024 .
9. LPWG [Legume Phylogeny Working Group] . 2013 . Legume phylogeny and classification in the 21st century: progress, prospects and lessons for other species-rich clades . . 62 . 2 . 217–248 . 10.12705/622.8. 10566/3455 .
10. Lavin M, Herendeen PS, Wojciechowski MF . 2005 . Evolutionary rates analysis of Leguminosae implicates a rapid diversification of lineages during the tertiary . . 54 . 4 . 575–94 . 10.1080/10635150590947131 . 16085576 . free .
11. Wojciechowski MF . 2013 . Towards a new classification of Leguminosae: Naming clades using non-Linnaean phylogenetic nomenclature . . 89 . 85–93 . 10.1016/j.sajb.2013.06.017 . free .