Anaxyelidae Explained

Anaxyelidae is a family of incense cedar wood wasps in the order Hymenoptera. It contains only one living genus, Syntexis, which has only a single species, native to Western North America. Fossils of the family extend back to the Middle Jurassic, belonging to over a dozen extinct genera, with a particularly high diversity during the Early Cretaceous. Syntexis lay eggs in the sapwood of conifers, preferring recently burnt wood.

Genera

These genera belong to the family Anaxyelidae:

Taxonomy after^[1]

• Subfamily Syntexinae
  • Syntexis Rohwer, 1915 Western North America, Recent
  • † Cretosyntexis Rasnitsyn & Martinez-Delclos, 2000 La Pedrera de Rubies Formation, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Barremian)
  • † Curiosyntexis Kopylov, 2019^[2] Ola Formation Russia, Late Cretaceous (Campanian)
  • † Daosyntexis Kopylov, Rasnitsyn, Zhang & Zhang, 2020 Daohugou, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian)^[3]
  • † Dolichosyntexis Kopylov, 2019^[2] Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • † Eosyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1990 Purbeck Group, United Kingdom, Early Cretaceous (Berriasian) La Pedrera de Rubies Formation, Spain, Early Cretaceous (Barremian), Turga Formation, Russia, Aptian, Spanish amber, Early Cretaceous (Albian)
  • † Orthosyntexis J. Gao, Engel, Shih, & T. Gao, 2021 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)
  • † Parasyntexis Kopylov, 2019^[2] Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • † Sclerosyntexis Wang, Ren, Kopylov & Gao, 2020 Burmese amber, Myanmar, Late Cretaceous (Cenomanian)^[4]
• Subfamily Anaxyelinae
  • † Anasyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
  • † Anaxyela Martynov, 1925 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
  • † Brachysyntexis Rasnitsyn, 1969 Daohugou, China, Middle Jurassic (Callovian), Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Yixian Formation, China, Aptian, Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • † Dolichostigma Rasnitsyn, 1968 Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • † Kempendaja Rasnitsyn, 1968 Khaya Formation, Russia, Late Jurassic (Tithonian)
  • † Kulbastavia Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
  • † Mangus Kopylov, 2019^[2] Dzun-Bain Formation, Mongolia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)
  • † Sphenosyntexis Rasnitzyn, 1969 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian)
  • † Syntexyela Rasnitsyn, 1968 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Yixian Formation, China, Aptian
  • † Urosyntexis Rasnitzyn, 1969 Karabastau Formation, Middle/Late Jurassic (Callovian-Oxfordian), Khasurty, Zaza Formation, Russia, Early Cretaceous (Aptian)

Further reading

• Book: Hymenoptera of the world: an identification guide to families. 1993. Goulet . H.. Huber . J.. Research Branch, Agriculture Canada. Agriculture Canada Publication. 1894/E.
• Phylogenetic relationships among superfamilies of Hymenoptera. 2012. Sharkey . M. J.. Carpenter . J. M.. Vilhelmsen . L.. Cladistics. 28. 1. 80–112. 0748-3007. 10.1111/j.1096-0031.2011.00366.x. 34861753. 33628659.

Notes and References

1. Gao. Jia. Engel. Michael S.. Shih. Chungkun. Ren. Dong. Gao. Taiping. 2021-10-29. A new genus of anaxyelid wood wasps from the mid-Cretaceous and the phylogeny of Anaxyelidae (Hymenoptera). Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 86. 151–169. 10.3897/jhr.86.73161. 240258376 . 1314-2607. free.
2. KOPYLOV. DMITRY S.. 2019-05-09. New anaxyelids (Hymenoptera: Anaxyelidae) from the Cretaceous of Asia. Zootaxa. 4603. 2. 341. 10.11646/zootaxa.4603.2.7. 31717231 . 164717860 . 1175-5334.
3. Kopylov. Dmitry S.. Rasnitsyn. Alexander P.. Zhang. Haichun. Zhang. Qi. 2020-01-02. Anaxyelidae of Daohugou: oldest occurrences of the relict family in the fossil record. Part 1: Daosyntexis and Brachysyntexis. Alcheringa: An Australasian Journal of Palaeontology. en. 44. 1. 104–114. 10.1080/03115518.2019.1697753. 2020Alch...44..104K . 213022739 . 0311-5518.
4. Wang. Yimo. Wang. Mei. Rasnitsyn. A.P.. Shih. Chungkun. Ren. Dong. Kopylov. Dmitry S.. Gao. Taiping. May 2020. A new anaxyelid sawfly (Insecta, Hymenoptera, Siricoidea) in mid-Cretaceous Myanmar amber. Cretaceous Research. 109. 104372. 10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104372. 2020CrRes.10904372W . 213923812 . 0195-6671.