| Sport: | Water polo |
| Birth Date: | 5 May 1937 |
| Birth Place: | Moscow, Soviet Union |
| Death Place: | Moscow, Russia |
Anatoly Nikolaevich Kartashov (Russian: Анатолий Николаевич Карташов, May 5, 1937 - January 17, 2005) was a Russian water polo player who competed for the Soviet Union in the 1960 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Moscow.
In 1960 he was a member of the Soviet team which won the silver medal in the Olympic water polo tournament. He played all seven matches and scored five goals.