Anantapur district explained

Ananthapuramu district
Settlement Type:District of Andhra Pradesh
Official Name:Ananthapuramu district
Etymology: (Big Tank)
Image Map1:
Zoom:7
Wikidata:yes
Coord:14.678°N 77.607°W
Pushpin Label Position:right
Coordinates:14.678°N 77.607°W
Subdivision Type:Country
Subdivision Type1:State
Subdivision Name1:Andhra Pradesh
Subdivision Type2:Region
Subdivision Name2:Rayalaseema
Established Title:Established
Established Date:1882
Established Title1:Reorganised
Established Date1:4 April 2022
Named For:Big Tank
Seat Type:Headquarters
Seat:Anantapur
Parts Type:Administrative Divisions
Leader Title:District collector
Leader Name:M.Gauthami
Leader Title1:Lok Sabha
Leader Title2:Assembly
Unit Pref:Metric
Area Total Km2:10205
Population As Of:2011
Population Footnotes:[1]
Population Total:22,41,105
Population Density Km2:auto
Population Blank1 Title:Households
Population Blank2 Title:Sex ratio
Population Blank2:977 (females per 1000 males)
Demographics Type1:Languages
Demographics1 Title1:Official
Demographics1 Info1:Telugu
Demographics Type2:Literacy
Demographics2 Title1:Literates
Timezone1:IST
Utc Offset1:+5:30
Postal Code Type:Postal Index Number
Postal Code:515xxx
Area Codes:+91–8554
Iso Code:IN-AP
Registration Plate Type:Vehicle registration
Registration Plate:AP-02 (former) AP–39 (from 30 January 2019)[2]

Anantapur district, officially Ananthapuramu district,[3] is one of the eight districts in the Rayalaseema region of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. The district headquarters is located in Anantapur city. It is one of the driest places in South India.[4] In the year 2022, as part of re-organisation of districts, Sri Sathya Sai district was carved out.[5]

Etymology

The name Anantapuramu was named after a reservoir called Anantasagaram. It existed during reign of Vijayanagara Empire, which was named after Ananthamma, wife of Bukkaraya, one of the founders of the empire.[6]

History

Gooty Fort, a major fort in the medieval history of the region was a stronghold of the Marathas, but was taken from them by Hyder Ali. In 1789 it was ceded by his son Tipu Sultan to the Nizam of Hyderabad. In 1800 the Nizam ceded the surrounding districts to the British in payment for a subsidiary British force. In 1882, Anantapuram district was formed by carving out from Bellary district.[7] Revenue mandals of Kadiri, Mudigubba, Nallamada, N.P.Kunta, Talupula, Nallacheruvu, O.D.Cheruvu, Tanakal, Amadagur and Gandlapenta (previous Kadiri Taluk) from erstwhile YSR Kadapa District were added in the year 1910. In the year 1956, the revenue mandals of Rayadurg, D.Hirehal, Kanekal, Bommanahal and Gummagatta of Bellary District were added, with the formation of Andhra Pradesh. census of India, it was the largest district in the state by area and had a population of 2,241,105. As per the Gazette notification No.122 dt 26 January 2022 (G.O.Rt.No.55, Revenue (Land-IV), 25 January 2022), Sri Sathya Sai district was formed from Ananthapur district.

census of India, the undivided Anantapuramu district has a population of 4,081,148 with 9,68,160 households, ranking it as the 7th most populous district in the state. It is the largest district in the state with an area of 19130km2.[8] Anantapur has a sex ratio of 977 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 64.28%. Urban population in the district is 28.9% of total population.

The Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) of the undivided district for FY 2013-14 is and it contributes 6.8% to the Gross State Domestic Product (GSDP). For the FY 2013–14, the per capita income at current prices was . The primary, secondary and tertiary sectors of the district contribute, and respectively to the GDDP.[9]

Geography

It is one of the largest districts of Andhra Pradesh spanning an area of 10205km2.[5] It is bounded on the north by Kurnool district and Nandyal district, on the east by Kadapa district, and south by Sri Sathya Sai district and on the southwest and west by Chitradurga district and Bellary district in Karnataka state. It is part of Rayalaseema region on the state.

The northern part of the district has large areas of black cotton soil, while the southern part has mainly poor red soil. There are two major hill ranges namely Mutchukota hills Nagasamudram hills, accounting for 70% of forest area.

Penna, Chithravathi, Pedda Hagari, Chinna Hagari, Thadakaleru and Pandameru are the main rivers.The average elevation is about 1300 feet above the mean sea level. The annual normal rainfall of the district is 508.2 mm. Thus it secures least rainfall when compared to other parts of Andhra Pradesh.

Demographics

Based on the 2011 census, the district had a population of 2,241,105, of which 753,354 (33.62%) lived in urban areas. The district had a sex ratio of 978 females per 1000 males. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes make up 3,34,142 (14.91%) and 70,161 (3.13%) of the population respectively.[8] Hinduism is the major religion with 88.45% followers, while Islam has 10.37%.

Based on the 2011 census, 84.59% of the population spoke Telugu, 9.64% Urdu, 3.03% Kannada and 1.42% Lambadi as their first language.[10]

Politics

There are two parliamentary constituencies in the district namely, Anantapuram Parliament constituency, Hindupuram parliament constituency(partial).

Legislative assembly constituencies in the district are given below.[11]

Constituency numberNameReserved for
(SC/ST/None)
Parliament
155RaptaduNoneHindupuram
148RayadurgamNoneAnantapuram
149UravakondaNone
150GuntakalluNone
151TadpatriNone
152SinganamalaSC
153Anantapuram UrbanNone
154KalyandurgamNone

The district is divided into 3 revenue divisions: Anantapuramu, Guntakal and Kalyandurg, which are further subdivided into a total of 32 mandals, each headed by a sub-collector.

Mandals

The list of 31 mandals in Anantapuramu district, divided into 3 revenue divisions, is given below.

  1. Anantapuramu revenue division
    1. Anantapur
    2. Atmakur
    3. Bukkaraya Samudram
    4. Garladinne
    5. Kudair
    6. Narpala
    7. Peddapappur
    8. Putlur
    9. Raptadu
    10. Singanamala
    11. Tadipatri
    12. Yellanur
  2. Guntakal revenue division
    1. Gooty
    2. Guntakal
    3. Pamidi
    4. Peddavadugur
    5. Uravakonda
    6. Vajrakarur
    7. Vidapanakal
    8. Yadiki
  3. Kalyandurg revenue division
    1. Beluguppa
    2. Bommanahal
    3. Brahmasamudram
    4. D.Hirehal
    5. Gummagatta
    6. Kalyandurg
    7. Kambadur
    8. Kanekal
    9. Kundurpi
    10. Rayadurg
    11. Settur

Cities and towns

There are one municipal corporation and five municipalities,[12] one nagar panchayat in the district.

Municipal Bodies in Anantapuramu District!Town!Civic Status of Town!Population (2011)
AnantapuramMunicipal Corporation3,40,613
GuntakalMunicipality Selection Grade1,28,142
TadipatriMunicipality Special Grade1,20,990
RayadurgMunicipality Grade - 261,749
GootyMunicipality Grade - 348,658
KalyanadurgamMunicipality Grade - 339,855
PamidiNagar Panchayat26,886

Economy

Agriculture

IndustriesIndustries like Constructions, Manufactures and Electricity are major contributors for GVA.

MineralsGold, Diamonds, Limestone, Iron ore, Quartz, Asbestos, Dolomite, Barytes, Steatite, Granite, Clay, Share are found in the district.

Power plantsSolar thermal power plant of 50 MW was commissioned at Nagalapuram village in Peddavadaguru mandal of the district occupying an area of 600 acres under Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission which was named as Megha Solar Plant. It is one of the 7 solar thermal plants in the country.[13] [14]

Tadipatri region in Anantapur is an industrialised town famous for Granite and Cement production. Ultra Tech Cements a unit of Industrial major Larsen & Toubro has a major Cement production unit near the town.

Transport

National Highway 44 (India) passes through the district via Anantapur. The major railway stations are, and .

Kempegowda International Airport, Bengaluru is the nearest international airport at 190 km from the district headquarters. Other small-scale domestic airports are there in neighbouring districts of Kurnool and Kadapa which are around 150 km and 200 km away respectively.

Education

As per the year 2019-20, there were 3085 schools, 143 junior colleges, 42 degree colleges. There is 1 medical college, 14 engineering colleges, 23 ITI, 11 polytechnic and 18 degree colleges.

Some of the institutions include Sri Krishnadevaraya University, JNTU Ananthapur, Sri Sathya Sai University, Government Medical College, Government polytechnic anantapur, Srinivasa Ramanujan Institute of Technology, Government Polytechnic Hindupur, Gates Institute of Technology, Central University of Andhra Pradesh,

Tourism

Gooty Fort is a historical fort on a hill dating to 11th century. It is at a distance of 52 kms from Anantapur. Penna Ahobilam is famous for Lakshni Narasimhaswamy temple. It is at a distance of 36 km from Anantapur.

Notable people

Neelam Sanjiva Reddy born in Illur village, Garladinne mandal, rose to became President of India after serving in other roles such as Lok sabha speaker, chief minister of Andhra Pradesh and central minister. T. Nagi Reddy born in Tarimela village of Singanamala mandal. He was a freedom fighter and popular communist leader.

References

Books

Book: CPO. District handbook of statistics - 2020, Anantapur district . 2022. 19 April 2023.

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: District Census Hand Book - Anantapur. . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  2. News: New 'AP 39' code to register vehicles in Andhra Pradesh launched . 9 June 2019 . The New Indian Express . 31 January 2019 . Vijayawada. dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20201121042200/https://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/vijayawada/2019/jan/31/new-ap-39-code-to-register-vehicles-in-state-launched-1932417.html . 21 November 2020 .
  3. Web site: Ananthapuramu district. en.
  4. News: Anantapur Assembly Constituency : Triangular contest on the cards . 14 June 2019 . thehansindia.com . 20 January 2019. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20190724152958/https://www.thehansindia.com/posts/index/Andhra-Pradesh/2019-01-20/Anantapur-Assembly-Constituency-Triangular-contest-on-the-cards/478338 . 24 July 2019 .
  5. Web site: Here's how new ap map looks after districts reorganisation . 3 April 2022 . 17 April 2023.
  6. News: There is history behind names of places . 14 June 2019 . The Hindu . 30 March 2009 . en-IN. live . https://web.archive.org/web/20210407174439/https://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-andhrapradesh/There-is-history-behind-names-of-places/article16650971.ece . 7 April 2021 .
  7. Book: Rayudu, C. S.. Rural Credit in India: A Study of Andhra Pradesh. 1 January 1991. Mittal Publications. 9788170992486. 2. en.
  8. Web site: District Census Hand Book – Anantapur . . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  9. Web site: Economy of Anantapur District. Andhra Pradesh Economic Development Board. 25 April 2017.
  10. Web site: Table C-16 Population by Mother Tongue: Andhra Pradesh . . Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India.
  11. Web site: Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly Constituencies Order, 2008. The Election Commission of India. 31.
  12. Web site: Municipal corporation and municipalities . 19 April 2023 . Ananthapuram district.
  13. Web site: Megha Solar Plant. National Renewable Energy Laboratory. 29 April 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150428074707/http://www.nrel.gov/csp/solarpaces/project_detail.cfm/projectID=264. 28 April 2015. dead.
  14. News: Anantapur Gets Solar Power Plant. 29 April 2015. The New Indian Express. 14 November 2014. Hyderabad. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20200927075349/https://www.newindianexpress.com/states/telangana/2014/nov/14/Anantapur-Gets-Solar-Power-Plant-682217.html. 27 September 2020.