Amycolatopsis orientalis explained

Amycolatopsis orientalis is a Gram-positive bacterium in the phylum Actinomycetota.^[1] It produces several substances with antimicrobial properties, including the antibiotic drug vancomycin.^{[2] [3]}

History

A. orientalis was originally discovered by Edmund Kornfeld, an organic chemist at Eli Lilly and Company, in a soil sample gathered by a missionary from forests on the island of Borneo. The antibiotic vancomycin was first isolated from the bacteria in 1953.^{[3] [4]}

Notes and References

1. Book: Grayson. M. Lindsay. Kucers' the use of antibiotics a clinical review of antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic and antiviral drugs. 2012. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida. 9781444147520. 569. 6th.
2. Kisil OV, Efimenko TA, Efremenkova OV . Looking Back to Amycolatopsis: History of the Antibiotic Discovery and Future Prospects . Antibiotics . 10 . 10 . October 2021 . 1254 . 34680834 . 8532670 . 10.3390/antibiotics10101254 . "There are more than 100 compounds of Amycolatopsis origin with described antibacterial activity and/or proven antibiotic biosynthesis gene presence. The most productive species are A. orientalis (12 antibiotics), A. mediterranei (5 antibiotics), and A. sulphurea (3 antibiotics)." . free .
3. Book: Samanta . Indranil . Bandyopadhyay . Samiran . Antimicrobial Resistance in Agriculture: Perspective, Policy and Mitigation . Elsevier Science . 2019 . 978-0-12-816523-2 . October 9, 2022 . 205 . "Kornfield, an organic chemist at Eli Lilly, first isolated a bacterium namely Amycolatopsis orientalis (Streptomyces orientalis or Nocardia orientalis) from mud collected by a missionary from forests of Borneo island. A compound (‘Mississippi mud’ or compound 05,865) was extracted from the isolated bacteria and it was approved by FDA as vancomycin drug after clinical trials.".
4. Book: Wang . J. . Sintim . H.O. . Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences . Antibiotics That Disrupt Cell Wall and Bacterial Membrane Formation and Integrity . Elsevier . 2014 . 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.00016-7 . 7 . 9780128012383 . "Vancomycin ... was first isolated in 1953 from a soil sample containing a bacterial species named Amycolatopsis orientalis.".