| Juan Gabriel | |||||||||
| Birth Name: | Alberto Aguilera Valadez | ||||||||
| Birth Date: | 7 January 1950 | ||||||||
| Birth Place: | Parácuaro, Michoacan, Mexico | ||||||||
| Death Place: | Santa Monica, California, United States | ||||||||
| Signature: | Firma de Juan Gabriel.svg | ||||||||
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Alberto Aguilera Valadez (pronounced as /es/; 7 January 1950 – 28 August 2016),[1] known professionally as Juan Gabriel (pronounced as /es/), was a Mexican singer-songwriter and actor.[1] [2] Colloquially nicknamed Juanga[3] (pronounced as /es/) and El Divo de Juárez, Juan Gabriel was known for his flamboyant style, which broke norms and standards within the Latin music industry.[4] [5] Widely regarded as one of the best and most prolific Mexican composers and singers of all time, he is regarded as a pop icon.[6]
Having sold an estimated of 40 million records worldwide, Juan Gabriel is among Latin America's best selling music artists.[7] His nineteenth studio album, Recuerdos, Vol. II, is reportedly the best-selling album of all time in Mexico, with over eight million copies sold.[8] During his career, Juan Gabriel wrote around 1,800 songs.[5]
Some of his most popular, signature songs include titles such as "Amor eterno", "Querida", "Yo no nací para amar", "Hasta que te conocí", "El Noa Noa", "No tengo dinero", "Abrázame muy fuerte", "Te lo pido por favor", "En esta primavera", "Pero qué necesidad", "La Farsante", "Te sigo amando", "Con Todo y Mi Tristeza", "Siempre en mi mente", "De mí enamórate" and "Lo pasado, pasado"; amongst perhaps his most acclaimed songs are "Se me olvidó otra vez" and the heartbreaking ballad "Así Fue", popularized by and sung with Isabel Pantoja of Spain. Many of his compositions have been performed by and with other artists..[9]
Alberto Aguilera Valadez was born on 7 January 1950, in Parácuaro, Michoacán, Mexico. The son of Gabriel Aguilera Rodríguez and Victoria Valadez Rojas, of the influential Macias-Valadéz of Jalisco, he was the youngest of ten children.[10] During his childhood, his father was interned into a psychiatric hospital.[11] Because of this, his mother moved the family to Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, and he was put in the El Tribunal boarding school where he remained for eight years. There, he met school director Micaela Alvarado and teacher Juan Contreras,[10] becoming very close with Contreras, He ran-away from the El Tribunal school and lived with Contreras for a year at the age of 13.[11] In the same year, Aguilera composed his first song.[12] At age 14, Aguilera returned to live with his mother in the center of the city.[11] He became interested in a local Methodist Church, and met the sisters Leonor and Beatriz Berúmen, who took him in.[10] There, he sang in the choir and helped by cleaning the church.[11] Nonetheless, Aguilera still identified as a Roman Catholic.
In 1965, at age 15, Aguilera debuted on the Notivisa (now Gala TV Ciudad Juárez) television show Noches Rancheras.[10] [11] Host Raúl Loya gave him the pseudonym "Adán Luna"; on the program, he sang the song "María la Bandida" by José Alfredo Jiménez.[10] [11] From 1966 to 1968, until roughly his eighteenth birthday, he would work as a singer at the Noa-Noa bar.[10] [11] During this period, he also wrote the song "El Noa Noa".[10] He also worked as a singer in other bars around town.[11] Later, Aguilera traveled to Mexico City looking for opportunities at record companies, but he found none.[10] [11] He returned to Juárez, where he continued working as a local singer.[11] The next year, he attempted again to be find a recording contract. At RCA Víctor, he was hired by Eduardo Magallanes to work as a backing vocalist, primarily for Roberto Jordan, Angélica María and Estela Núñez.[11] In 1970, he resigned as he had received insufficient payment, and returned to work the bars in Juárez.[11]
With many telling him he would have success if he simply tried again, Aguilera returned to Mexico City a third time in 1971. Not having any money, Aguilera often slept in bus and train stations.[11] At a certain point, he was incorrectly accused of robbery,[13] and was imprisoned in the Palacio de Lecumberri prison for a year and a half.[10] During this time, he wrote several songs, including "Tres Claveles y Un Rosal" and "Me He Quedado Solo"; these compositions attracted the attention of Andrés Puentes Vargas,[10] Lecumberri's prison warden, who later introduced him to Mexican singer and actress Enriqueta Jiménez Chabolla, better known as La Prieta Linda,[11] as well as to his wife, Ofelia Urtuzuastegui Ruiz. The latter and her husband greatly helped Aguilera, and with their assistance and a clear lack of any wrongdoing, he was released from prison,[11] living at their home for about two years. Aguilera's newfound "parents" provided him shelter, protection and support, and the perfect environment to compose more music with which to launch his professional career, as Juan Gabriel.
La Prieta Linda helped Aguilera at RCA Víctor, where he signed a recording contract.[14] He started to use the pseudonym Juan Gabriel (Juan, in honor of Juan Contreras; and Gabriel, in honor of his own father).[11] [15] In 1971, Juan Gabriel released his first studio album El Alma Joven..., which included the song "No Tengo Dinero", which became his debut single and his first hit.[16] [17] El Alma Joven... was certified as gold by the Asociación Mexicana de Productores de Fonogramas y Videogramas (AMPROFON).[16] In 1972, Juan Gabriel participated at the OTI Festival, where he sang the songs "Será Mañana" and "Uno, Dos y Tres (Y Me Dás un Beso)". The songs were not qualified to represent Mexico, but they were acclaimed, and later recorded for his second album El Alma Joven II.[18] After releasing El Alma Joven III (1973), Juan Gabriel released his first mariachi album featuring the group Vargas de Tecalitlán.[11] [18] The album, titled Juan Gabriel con el Mariachi Vargas de Tecalitlán (1974), includes songs like "Se Me Olvidó Otra Vez" and "Lágrimas y Lluvia".[18] In 1975, he made his acting debut in the film Nobleza ranchera, acting with Sara García and Verónica Castro.[18] [19]
Over fifteen years, Juan Gabriel's fame grew as he recorded 15 albums and sold 20 million records. He wrote and recorded over 1000 songs in a variety of music genre.[2] Juan Gabriel established himself as Mexico's leading commercial singer-songwriter, penning in many diverse styles such as rancheras with mariachi, ballads, pop, rock, disco, with an incredible string of hits for himself and for leading Latin singers including among many others Lucha Villa, Daniela Romo and Ana Gabriel and international stars Luis Miguel, Rocío Dúrcal and José José who in 1978 achieved international recognition thanks to Aguilera's ballad "Lo Pasado, Pasado".[20] His lyrics dealt with heartbreak and romantic relationships that became hymns throughout Latin America, Spain, and the United States.[4] In 1984, his song "Querida" (Darling) remained at number one for the entire year on the Mexican charts. He also received a Grammy nomination for "Best Latin Pop Album" for Recuerdos, Vol. II, which includes the single.
His work as an arranger, producer and songwriter throughout the subsequent decades brought him into contact with the leading Latin artists of the day, including Rocío Dúrcal and Isabel Pantoja. In addition to recording numerous hits on his own, Juan Gabriel has produced albums for Dúrcal, Lucha Villa, Lola Beltrán and Paul Anka.[20] [21] In 1984, he released Recuerdos, Vol. II which one source says is the best-selling album of all time in Mexico with sales of over eight million copies.[22] In 1990 Juan Gabriel became the first non-classical act to perform at the Palacio de Bellas Artes.[23] The proceeds from the three sold-out concerts were given to the National Symphony Orchestra.[23] On 31 July 2000, a telenovela titled Abrázame Muy Fuerte began broadcasting in Mexico. Salvador Mejía, the producer, choose to use the song of the same name as its main theme.[24] "Abrázame Muy Fuerte" ended 2001 as the most successful Latin single of the year.[25] For the song, Juan Gabriel won two Billboard Latin Music Awards in 2002 for Hot Latin Track of the Year and Latin Pop Airplay Track of the Year; and also received the Songwriter of the Year award. The song ranked seventh at the Hot Latin Songs 25th Anniversary chart.[26] "Abrázame Muy Fuerte" also was awarded for Pop Song of the Year at the 2002 Lo Nuestro Awards.[27] At the time of his death, Juan Gabriel was touring the United States and was scheduled to perform at a concert in El Paso, Texas, that same day.[28] He also had four albums which reached number one on the Top Latin Albums from 2015 and 2016, including Vestido de Etiqueta por Eduardo Magallanes, which reached number one a week before he died. He holds the record for most albums peaking at number one on the Top Latin Albums chart in a short period time.[29]
In addition, he had 31 songs that charted on the Hot Latin Songs chart, seven of which reached number one.[30]
Between 1986 and 1994, Juan Gabriel refused to record any material because of a dispute with BMG over copyrights to his songs. He continued his career in live stage performances, setting attendance records throughout Latin America. By 1994 the copyright dispute reached a resolution under an agreement whereby ownership of the songs reverted to Juan Gabriel over a specified time period.[15] After this dispute, which lasted 8 years, he released an album titled, "Gracias Por Esperar," which in English, translates to, "Thank You For Waiting". The record label then selected eleven previously released tracks from Juan Gabriel's catalog in order to release "Debo Hacerlo", the last new song recorded by the artist.[20]
Juan Gabriel was never married. He had six children, four of them having a version in different languages of the name John. The mother of four of his children (Iván Gabriel, Joan Gabriel, Hans Gabriel and Jean Gabriel) is Laura Salas. Juan Gabriel stated that Salas was "the best friend of my life" ("la mejor amiga de mi vida" in Spanish).[31] Nearly a month after his death, the news program Primer Impacto discovered that Juan Gabriel had a fifth child, a son named Luis Alberto Aguilera, living in Las Vegas. The two maintained a long-distance relationship, primarily communicating via e-mail. The mother of his fifth child is Guadalupe Gonzalez, who worked as Juan Gabriel's domestic employee.[32] On 26 October 2016, Primer Impacto found the sixth child of Juan Gabriel, named Joao Gabriel, living in Los Angeles, California. Joao's mother is Consuelo Rosales, who also worked as Juan Gabriel's domestic employee.[33] Genetic testing was conducted to assess Juan Gabriel's parentage of Luis Alberto and Joao, with genetic material provided by Juan Gabriel's brother Pablo Aguilera.[34]
Although widely assumed to be gay, Juan Gabriel never explicitly talked about his sexuality.[35] [36] However, as he got older he began to give implicit responses towards questions about his sexuality, saying to interviewers "Lo que se ve no se pregunta" ("what one sees doesn't have to be asked about").[37] Some may interpret this to be an implicit affirmation of homosexuality,[38] while others have interpreted this to be an affirmation of heterosexuality, due to the female romantic partners he had.[39] On 14 November 2005, Juan Gabriel was injured when he fell from the stage at the Toyota Center in Houston, Texas, and was hospitalized at Texas Medical Center.[40] [41] He sustained a fractured neck. He was forced to stay off tour and bedridden for eight months.
Juan Gabriel was a lifelong supporter of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), which governed Mexico from 1929 to 2000 and again from 2012 to 2018. In 1994 he stated that "his best friends [were] from the PRI" and campaigned in support of then-presidential PRI candidate Ernesto Zedillo.[42] In the 2000 election he again campaigned for the PRI candidate, Francisco Labastida (who eventually lost the election). In 2015, he wrote a letter to the then-President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto (a member of the PRI), expressing his support for his administration and for the PRI, which he stated, "will never go away".[43] [44]
On 28 August 2016, Juan Gabriel died in Santa Monica, California, reportedly from a heart attack.[45] Gabriel's body was cremated; his ashes were returned to a house he owned in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, after receiving tributes from the city and Palacio de Bellas Artes in Mexico City. An autopsy was not performed to determine the cause of death.[46] [47]
Juan Gabriel continued to do 10 to 12 performances per year as benefit concerts for his favorite children's homes, usually posing for pictures with his fans and forwarding the proceeds from the photo ops to support Mexican orphans.[15] In 1987, he founded Semjase,[48] a house for orphaned and underserved children located in Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua. It serves school children between the ages of 6 and 12.[2]
In 2015, Billboard listed Juan Gabriel among their list of the 30 most influential Latino artists in history, citing his "dramatic performance style" and his redefined concept of romantic Latin pop music. The publication noted Gabriel's appeal among several generations of Latino Americans and artists.[49] In his list of the most influential Latin music artists in history, Carlos Quintana of About.com, ranked Juan Gabriel number six for shaping "the sounds of Mexican music" and exploring genres from ranchera to Latin pop.[50] In 1986, Los Angeles Mayor Tom Bradley declared 5 October Juan Gabriel day.[2] He received the Lo Nuestro Excellence Award in 1991.[51] In 1996, he was inducted into the Billboard Latin Music Hall of Fame,[2] [20] while in 2003 he was inducted into the International Latin Music Hall of Fame,[52] and posthumously inducted into the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in October 2016.[53] In 2023, Rolling Stone ranked Juan Gabriel at number 172 on its list of the 200 Greatest Singers of All Time.[54]
The American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) honored Juan Gabriel the Latin Songwriter of the Year Award in 1995, 1996, and 1998.[55] [56] [57] In 1999, Gabriel received the People's Choice Awards for Best Regional Artist.[15] That same year, he received the La Opinión Tributo Nacional for Lifetime Achievement Award.[15] A statue was erected by Billboard at Mexico City's Plaza Garibaldi in 2001, and remains a popular destination for mariachi performances.[15] In 2009, the singer was honored as the Latin Recording Academy's Person of the Year.[58] He also received his own star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in May 2002.[59]
His death became a worldwide trending topic on Twitter after news reports were confirmed.[28] President of Mexico Enrique Peña Nieto, called him one of Mexico's "greatest musical icons".[5] United States President Barack Obama also commented on Juan Gabriel's death and complimented his music for "transcending borders and generations" and that "his spirit will live on in his enduring songs, and in the hearts of the fans who love him".[60] Gabriel Abaroa, the CEO of the Latin Recording Academy, said his legacy was "much more than one or hundreds of songs; he composed philosophy" and that Juan Gabriel "broke taboos, devoured stages and conquered diverse audiences".[61] Leila Cobo of Billboard proclaimed Juan Gabriel as a "prodigal performer" and noted that his songs were "romantic, colloquial, emotional compositions that sometimes rambled but managed to strike a universal chord with lyrics that could apply to many people and many situations."[62]
Gabriel's songs have been covered by artists such as Rocío Dúrcal, Gloria Trevi, La India, and Marc Anthony, the latter of whom credits his song "Hasta Que Te Conocí" as the inspiration to launch his career in Latin music.[62] Tribute albums to Gabriel have been recorded by several artists including Cristian Castro, Pedro Fernández,[63] Lorenzo Antonio,[64] Álvaro Torres,[65] Los Tri-O,[66] Nydia Rojas,[67] and La India.[68] A television series based on Gabriel's life titled Hasta que te conocí, began airing on 18 April 2016, and the series ended on 28 August, coincidentally the same day Gabriel died.[69] He was portrayed by Colombian actor Julián Román and Juan Gabriel served as the executive producer.[70]