Bethnal Green trio explained

The Bethnal Green trio are Amira Abase, Shamima Begum, and Kadiza Sultana, three British girls who attended the Bethnal Green Academy in London before leaving home in February 2015 to join the Islamic State.[1] According to the Institute for Strategic Dialogue, they were among an estimated 550 women and girls from Western countries who had travelled to join IS[2] —part of what some[3] have called "a jihadi, girl-power subculture",[4] the so-called Brides of ISIL., one girl has been reported killed (Sultana), one girl has been stripped of her British citizenship and denied re-entry into the country (Begum) while the third's fate is unknown (Abase).

The events were adapted into the Swedish TV series Caliphate.

Background

On 17 February 2015, Abase, Begum, and Sultana flew via Turkish Airlines from Gatwick Airport in West Sussex, England, to Istanbul, Turkey.[5] Their families went to Turkey in March to investigate their disappearance, deeming the police investigation inadequate.[5] [6]

Their disappearance has been attributed to Aqsa Mahmood, a woman from Glasgow who joined ISIL in 2013. There were electronic communications between the girls and Mahmood.[5] Mahmood faces criminal charges if she returns.[7] Mahmood denies the allegations.[8]

In March 2015, footage was circulated of Abase Hussen, father of Amira Abase, at a 2012 rally led by Islamist preacher Anjem Choudary against the film Innocence of Muslims. The Metropolitan Police examined the footage but said that it was unlikely that offences had been committed.[9] Hussen said in April that he felt ashamed of his involvement in the rally, as he did not know who had organised it.[10]

The girls stole family jewellery to pay for their flights. Begum married Dutch Islamic convert and IS jihadi fighter Yago Riedijk just days after arriving in Raqqa.[11] [12] [13] They had three children who died from malnutrition and disease.[13]

At a 2015 Home Affairs Select Committee, then Metropolitan Police Commissioner Bernard Hogan-Howe stated that they would not face criminal charges if they returned to the United Kingdom.[14]

Aftermath

See also: Shamima Begum. In the UK, the disappearance resulted in the Metropolitan Police giving evidence to the Home Affairs Select Committee of the House of Commons on its circumstances in March 2015.[14] The families of the girls received an apology from Scotland Yard, who did not tell them about Sharmeena Begum (unrelated), the other girl from their school who went to Syria in 2014.[15]

British Prime Minister David Cameron said that individual institutions should not be made into "scapegoats" for the disappearance of the three girls.[16] Contrary to the stance of the Metropolitan Police, Cameron said, "Whoever has gone out to join a terrorist organisation is breaking the law and has to face the consequences of breaking the law and we have to let the law take its course in the proper way".[17]

In March 2015, a travel ban was imposed upon five girls from the Bethnal Green Academy due to concerns from social services that the girls attend the same school as the three who had already joined the group, stating that it was in the public interest.[18]

It was reported that the Bethnal Green Trio were married to foreign jihadists, and that they then moved into the homes of their new husbands in ISIL's de facto capital of Raqqa.[19]

Sultana was said to have married an American ISIL fighter with Somali heritage, but wanted to return to the UK after he was killed in battle. Shortly afterwards, she was killed in a Russian airstrike.[20] Her family said in a phone interview with ITV in August 2016 that they believed she died in an airstrike in May 2016 at the age of 17 while planning to escape.[21] [22] The lawyer who represents the family of the teenagers, Tasnime Akunjee, told ITV that she became too scared of making an escape attempt after another girl, Samra Kesinovic, was beaten to death for trying to escape.[23]

Abase married an 18-year-old Australian jihadist, Abdullah Elmir, in July 2016 who was reported by Australian intelligence agencies to have been killed in coalition airstrikes. The current fate or whereabouts of Abase are unknown.

Shamima Begum married a Dutch jihadist recruit, Yago Riedijk.[24] They had three children, all now dead.[12]

In February 2019, The Times journalist Anthony Loyd found Begum in a Syrian refugee camp. During the interview, Begum said the last time she saw her husband was when they fled the village of Baghuz, Isis' final stronghold, at the beginning of February that year. He was later reported to have surrendered to fighters allied with the Syrian Democratic Forces. She also revealed that she was pregnant and hoped to return to the UK to raise her child but did not regret her decision to join ISIL. In the debate that followed, the UK Home Office announced it would revoke her UK citizenship, while Bangladesh did not recognize her as a citizen.[25] [26]

As of 11 November 2022, Begum was being held in a detention camp in the northeastern part of Syria near her imprisoned husband.[24] Samantha Knights KC, the lawyer for Begum, stated Begum was a victim of sex trafficking lured by Islamic State propaganda. Sir James Eadie KC of the Home Office stated Begum is a threat to national security with an MI5 agent reporting it was inconceivable that Begum did not know ISIL was a terrorist organization due to the number of terror attacks and public beheadings being posted in the news at the time they left Britain.[24]

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. News: Bethnal Green trio fled Britain with help from Isis's best female recruiter. Defence Correspondent. Lucy Fisher. 2019-02-13. The Times. 2019-02-23. en. 0140-0460.
  2. Book: Saltman. Erin Marie . Smith . Melanie . 'Till Martyrdom Do Us Part' Gender and the ISIS Phenomenon . 2015 . Institute for Strategic Dialogue . 4. 25 February 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160330210121/http://www.strategicdialogue.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/Till_Martyrdom_Do_Us_Part_Gender_and_the_ISIS_Phenomenon.pdf . 2016-03-30 . dead .
  3. Thomas Hegghammer, an expert on Islamist militancy affiliated with the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (source: GILSINAN . KATHY . The ISIS Crackdown on Women, by Women . The Atlantic . 25 July 2014 . 25 February 2016.)
  4. GILSINAN . KATHY . The ISIS Crackdown on Women, by Women . The Atlantic . 25 July 2014 . 25 February 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190128194013/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/07/the-women-of-isis/375047/ . 2019-01-28 . live .
  5. News: Syria girls: Families 'cannot stop crying'. 7 April 2015. . 22 February 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181023191708/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-31575908 . 2018-10-23 . live.
  6. News: Isil defector girls' families go to Turkey to probe disappearance. 7 April 2015. . 23 March 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180703011231/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/terrorism-in-the-uk/11491142/Isil-defector-girls-families-go-to-Turkey-to-probe-disappearance.html . 2018-07-03 . live.
  7. News: Scots jihadi will be prosecuted if she comes home, say police. 7 April 2015. stv.tv. 10 March 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20180701084654/https://stv.tv/news/west-central/313329-scots-jihadi-aqsa-mahmood-will-be-prosecuted-if-she-comes-home-say-police/. 1 July 2018. dead.
  8. News: Cook. James. Glasgow 'jihadist' Aqsa Mahmood denies recruiting London girls. 7 April 2015 . . 16 March 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181029235623/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-31908202 . 2018-10-29 . live .
  9. News: Morgan. Ben. Jihadi schoolgirl's father marched at flag-burning rally. 7 April 2015 . . 27 March 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180829084333/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/london/jihadi-schoolgirl-s-father-marched-at-flag-burning-rally-anjem-choudary-10138591.html . 2018-08-29 . live .
  10. News: Father of schoolgirl feared to have joined Islamic State denies 'extremism' claim. 7 April 2015. ITV News. 7 April 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171201040641/http://www.itv.com/news/london/2015-04-07/father-of-schoolgirl-feared-to-have-joined-islamic-state-denies-extremism-claim/ . 2017-12-01 . live .
  11. Web site: UK Supreme Court Will Hear 'ISIS Bride' Case. Agence France-Presse. 31 July 2020.
  12. Web site: IS bride can return to Britain to appeal citizenship loss, court rules. Bevan. Shields. 16 July 2020. The Sydney Morning Herald.
  13. Web site: Shamima Begum: latest news and where is she now?. 29 September 2019.
  14. News: Barrett. David. Three 'Jihadi brides' from London who travelled to Syria will not face terrorism charges if they return. 7 April 2015. The Daily Telegraph. 10 March 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190215021715/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/11461693/Sisters-of-the-missing-jihadi-brides-to-face-radicalisation-tests.html . 2019-02-15 . live .
  15. News: Morris. Nigel. Police sorry for failure to warn families of Isis girls about schoolfriend's flight. 7 April 2015. The New Zealand Herald. 12 March 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171201031712/http://www.nzherald.co.nz/world/news/article.cfm?c_id=2&objectid=11415790 . 2017-12-01 . live .
  16. News: Leaders: Vigilance crucial or more will be lost to IS. 7 April 2015. The Scotsman. 10 March 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180701083223/https://www.scotsman.com/news/opinion/leaders-vigilance-crucial-or-more-will-be-lost-to-is-1-3715147 . 2018-07-01 . live .
  17. News: Beake. Nick. David Cameron concerned over Syria-bound London girls. 7 April 2015. BBC News. 31 March 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190126003311/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-london-32134575 . 2019-01-26 . live .
  18. News: Bowcott. Owen. Travel ban for five east London girls over fears they will join Isis in Syria. 7 April 2015. The Guardian. 27 March 2015 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180620232502/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2015/mar/27/five-girls-barred-from-travel-same-school-three-teenagers-syria-bethnal-green-academy . 2018-06-20 . live .
  19. News: Families fear Bethnal Green schoolgirls who travelled to join Isis are now dead. OPride.com. 4 December 2017. 1 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181230193254/https://www.opride.com/2017/12/04/3286/ . 2018-12-30 . live .
  20. News: De Peyer. Robin. Families fear Bethnal Green schoolgirls who travelled to join Isis are now dead. London. London Evening Standard. 6 August 2017. 1 July 2018 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180701032154/https://www.standard.co.uk/news/world/families-fear-bethnal-green-schoolgirls-who-travelled-to-join-isis-are-now-dead-a3605096.html . 2018-07-01 . live .
  21. News: Henley. Jon. Dodd. Vikram. Kadiza Sultana: London schoolgirl who joined Isis believed killed in Syria airstrike. 12 August 2016. The Guardian. 12 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190214140506/https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/aug/11/london-schoolgirl-kadiza-sultana-who-joined-isis-believed-killed-in-syria-airstrike . 2019-02-14 . live .
  22. News: Veselinovic. Milena. McKenzie. Sheena. Family fears British girl who went to Syria is dead. 12 August 2016. The Guardian. 14 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180701054854/https://edition.cnn.com/2016/08/11/middleeast/uk-isis-missing-girls/ . 2018-07-01 . live .
  23. News: Dearden. Lizzie. Isis jihadi bride Kadiza Sultana 'abandoned efforts to escape Syria after Austrian girl beaten to death'. 13 August 2016. The Independent. 14 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20180701043651/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/isis-latest-syria-british-bride-kadiza-sultana-killed-air-strike-death-gave-up-after-girl-beaten-a7186661.html . 2018-07-01 . live .
  24. Web site: Jihadi bride showed 'no remorse' and is still a 'national security risk' . 2022-11-22 . MSN . en-US.
  25. Web site: Shamima Begum will not be allowed here, Bangladesh says. 20 February 2019. BBC. 20 February 2019.
  26. News: Shamima Begum discovers citizenship has been revoked. 2019-02-20. News.com.au. en. 2019-02-21. Charlton. Corey.

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