America's Most Endangered Rivers Explained

America's Most Endangered Rivers is a list of threatened rivers in the United States compiled by the nonprofit group American Rivers. First published in 1984, the annual list spotlights ten threatened rivers–rivers that are facing environmental degradation due to existing or proposed development projects. The list is intended to build public awareness and spur action toward addressing specific environmental issues.[1] [2]

Most-listed rivers

A number of rivers have been listed on America's Most Endangered Rivers multiple times, either in whole or in part. This list includes items that have appeared three or more times.

Times listed River
14Snake River
12Colorado River
Mississippi River
Missouri River
9Columbia River
8Penobscot River
6American River
Big Sunflower River
Klamath River
5Animas River
Chattahoochee River
Platte River
Rio Grande
San Joaquin River
Susquehanna River
4Alsek River
Coosa River
Flint River
Hudson River
Kansas River
Rogue River
Tatshenshini River
3Apalachicola River
Black River
Boundary Waters
Rivers of Bristol Bay
Catawba River
Clarks Fork Yellowstone River
Coal River
Pearl River
Flint River
Gila River
Kern River
Little Bighorn River
Merrimack River
Niobrara River
Passaic River
Pinto Creek
Potomac River
Skykomish River
Smith River (Montana)
South Fork Salmon River
Tallapoosa River
White Salmon River

Lists

2024 rivers

On April 16, 2024,[3] American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2023.[4]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Loss of federal protections
2 Big Sunflower and Yazoo Rivers Pumping project
3 Over-withdrawal
4 Scarcity, climate change
5 Development, road construction
6 Dam
7 Mismanagement
8 Road construction, mining
9 Pollution
10 Highway development

2023 rivers

On April 18, 2023,[5] American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2023.[6]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Climate change, mismanagement
2 Pollution, climate change
3 Dredging, dams
4 Dams
5 Pollution
6 Dams
7 Development
8 Chilkat and Klehini Rivers Mining
9 Climate change, mismanagement
10 Mining

2022 rivers

On April 19, 2022,[7] American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2022.[8]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Climate change, mismanagement
2 Dams
3 Pollution
4 Maine's Atlantic salmon rivers Dams
5 Pollution
6 Pollution, habitat loss
7 Over-withdrawal
8 Over-withdrawal
9 Development, pollution
10 Pollution

2021 rivers

On April 13, 2021,[9] American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2021.[10]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Dams
2 Mismanagement, climate change
3 Mining
4 Pollution
5 Mining
6 Pollution
7 Dams
8 Over-withdrawal
9 Pollution
10 Development

2020 rivers

On April 14, 2020,[11] American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2020.[12]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Climate change, mismanagement
2 Climate change, mismanagement
3 Habitat loss
4 Dams
5 Mining
6 Mining
7 Mining
8 Mining
9 Dams
10 Natural gas

2019 rivers

On April 16, 2019,[13] American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2019.[14]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Over-withdrawal
2 Storm-surge barrier
3 Levees
4 Habitat loss
5 Dams
6 Mining
7 Mining
8 Pollution
9 Development
10 Mining

2018 rivers

On April 11, 2018,[15] American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2018.[16]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Pumping project
2 Mining
3 Mining
4 Habitat loss
5 Mining
6 Dams
7 Mining
8 Development
9 Pollution
10 Dams

2017 rivers

On April 11, 2017,[17] American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2017.[18]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Climate change, over-withdrawal
2 Dams
3 Hydropower
4 Mismanagement
5 Fracking
6 Mining
7 Neuse and Cape Fear Rivers Livestock pollution
8 Oil transport
9 Livestock pollution
10 Mining

2016 rivers

In April 2016, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2016.[19]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Mismanagement
2 Mismanagement
3 Dams
4 Mining
5 Dams, pollution
6 Dams
7 Mining
8 Pollution
9 Dams
10 Dams

2015 rivers

On April 7, 2015,[20] American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2015.[21]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Development, mining, groundwater depletion
2 Dams
3 Pollution
4 Mining
5 Over-withdrawal
6 Mining
7 Rogue and Smith Rivers Mining
8 Mining
9 Pollution, over-withdrawal
10 Dams

2014 rivers

On April 9, 2014,[22] American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2014.[23]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Mismanagement
2 Water diversions
3 Mismanagement
4 Water diversions
5 Dams
6 Over-withdrawal
7 Petroleum development
8 Dams
9 Pollution
10 Clearwater and Lochsa Rivers Industrializaton

2013 rivers

In April 2013, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2013.[24]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Mismanagement
2 Mismanagement
3 Mismanagement
4 Mismanagement
5 Coal ash pollution
6 Mining
7 Mining
8 Rough & Ready and Baldface Creeks Mining
9 Mining
10 Sedimentation

2012 rivers

In May 2012, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2012.[25]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Pollution
2 Pumping project
3 Dams
4 Mismanagement
5 Natural gas
6 Natural gas
7 Dams
8 Dams
9 Mining
10 Dredging

2011 rivers

In May 2011, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2011.[26]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Natural gas
2 Mining
3 Mining
4 Sewage pollution
5 Dams
6 Mining
7 Natural gas
8 Mining
9 Bridge project
10 Overuse, mismanagement

2010 rivers

On June 2, 2010, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2010.[27]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Natural gas
2 Mismanagement
3 Mining
4 Dams
5 Mismanagement
6 Water diversions
7 Mining
8 Teton Dam reconstruction proposal
9 Natural gas
10 Dams

2009 rivers

On April 7, 2009, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2009.[28]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Sacramento and San Joaquin Rivers Mismanagement
2 Dams
3 Dams
4 Development
5 Proposed mines
6 Sewage pollution
7 Over-withdrawal
8 Proposed petroleum development
9 Proposed petroleum storage project
10 Development

2008 rivers

In May 2008, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2008.[29]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Mismanagement
2 Logging, road construction
3 Water diversion, dams
4 Dams
5 Proposed power plant
6 Over-withdrawal
7 Proposed water diversion
8 Proposed removal of legal protection
9 Floodplain development
10 Irrigation diversions

2007 rivers

In April 2007, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2007.[30] [31]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Mismanagement
2 Proposed highway
3 Pollution
4 Proposed power line
5 Condit Dam
6 Proposed dams
7 Toxic sediments
8 Development
9 Proposed dam
10 Proposed coal mine

2006 rivers

In April 2006, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2006.[32] [33]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Flood control project
2 Floodplain development
3 Pollution
4 Proposed mine
5 Overdevelopment
6 Proposed mine
7 Toxic water discharge from Lake Okeechobee
8 Proposed mining district
9 Unregulated sand mining
10 Proposed groundwater pumping

2005 rivers

In April 2005, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2005.[34] [35]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Sewage pollution, proposed dam
2 Proposed methane drilling
3 Proposed increase in water withdrawal
4 Overdevelopment
5 Proposed factory dairy farm
6 Over-withdrawal
7 Pollution
8 Proposed increase in water withdrawal
9 Proposed dam and dewatering
10 Overdevelopment

2004 rivers

In April 2004, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2004.[36] [37]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Pollution
2 Proposed drainage and dredging project
3 Dams
4 Sewage pollution
5 Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers Coal mine pollution
6 Over-withdrawal, pollution
7 Polychlorinated biphenyl pollution
8 Phosphate mine pollution
9 Overdevelopment
10 Dams, levees, pollution

2003 rivers

In April 2003, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 2003.[38] [39]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Proposed drainage and dredging project
2 Irrigation withdrawals, dams, pollution
3 Groundwater pumping, over-withdrawal
4 Over-withdrawal
5 Diversion and over-withdrawal
6 Proposed dam
7 Proposed water supply development
8 Dams
9 Dams, overallocation
10 Proposed flood control project, floodplain development

2002 rivers

On April 4, 2002, American Rivers announced its eleven most endangered rivers of 2002.[40] [41]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Habitat loss from unnatural dam operations
2 Proposed drainage and dredging project
3 Irrigation withdrawals, dams, pollution
4 Agricultural pollution
5 Irrigation project, proposed navigation project
6 Coal bed methane pollution
7 Over-withdrawal
8 Proposed loss of legal protections
9 Proposed petroleum development
10 Proposed over-withdrawal
11 Dredging

2001 rivers

On April 11, 2001, American Rivers announced its thirteen most endangered rivers of 2001.[42] [43] [44]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Habitat loss from unnatural dam operations
2 Proposed petroleum development
3 Dams
4 Polychlorinated biphenyl pollution
5 Coal bed methane pollution
6 Proposed flood control project, wetlands destruction, pollution
7 Coal sludge spill
8 Overdevelopment
9 Proposed water project
10 Proposed gravel mine expansion
11 Acid rain pollution
12 Overdevelopment
13 Overdevelopment

2000 rivers

On April 10, 2000, American Rivers announced its thirteen most endangered rivers of 2000.[45] [46] [47]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Dams
2 Flood control works
3 Matilija Dam
4 Proposed logging road
5 Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint and Alabama-Coosa-Tallapoosa River Basins Tri-state water dispute, over-withdrawal, dams, urban sprawl, pollution
6 Mining
7 Pollution, dams, water demand
8 Overdevelopment
9 Mississippi and White Rivers Dredging proposal
10 Proposed flood control project
11 Flaming Gorge Dam
12 Dams impeding American shad and Atlantic salmon migration
13 Proposed silver and copper mine

1999 rivers

Rank River[48] [49] State(s) Threats
1 Dams
2 Flood control works
3 Overdevelopment over-withdrawal, pollution
4 Overdevelopment, groundwater pumping
5 Channelization
6 Overdevelopment, over-withdrawal
7 Overdevelopment, pollution
8 Overdevelopment, over-withdrawal, dams
9 Mining
10 Overdevelopment, over-withdrawal

1998 rivers

On April 6, 1998, American Rivers announced its twenty most endangered rivers of 1998.[50] [51]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Public land transfer, irrigation, nuclear waste
2 Channelization, dams
3 Agricultural pollution
4 Dams
5 Proposed gold mine
6 Over-allocation
7 Overdevelopment, pollution
8 Dams
9 Factory hog farm pollution
10 Proposed copper mine
11 Proposed mine
12 Livestock pollution, overdevelopment
13 Rogue and Illinois Rivers, Elk and Rough & Ready Creeks Dams, proposed mine
14 Proposed mine
15 In-stream gravel mining
16 Contaminated sediments
17 Proposed water development project
18 Flow depletion, agricultural pollution, channelization
19 Proposed diversion dam
20 Pollution

1997 rivers

On April 16, 1997, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 1997.[52]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Navigation
2 Polychlorinated biphenyl pollution
3 Condit Dam
4 Floodplain development, agricultural pollution
5 Proposed mine
6 Proposed copper mine
7 Livestock pollution, development
8 Industrialization, development, channelization
9 Over-allocation
10 Proposed elimination of the TVA's environmental protection programs

1996 rivers

On April 17, 1996, American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 1996.[53]

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Proposed New World Mine
2 Proposed Auburn Dam
3 Upper Chattahoochee and Etowah Rivers Sewage, development, sedimentation
4 Dams, pollution
5 Pollution, development, dams
6 Columbia, John Day, and White Salmon Rivers Grazing, irrigation diversions, logging, dams
7 Timber sales
8 Mining
9 Basin Mills Dam
10 Water development project

1995 rivers

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Mine
2 Flood control, neglect
3 Columbia and Snake Rivers Dams, irrigation
4 Water development project
5 Dams, channelization
6 Agricultural runoff, sand dredging
7 Flood control, runoff
8 Acid mine drainage, proposed dam
9 Dams
10 Logging

1994 rivers

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Mine
2 Urban runoff
3 Dams
4 Columbia and Snake Rivers Dams, logging
5 Flood control, runoff
6 Dams, channelization
7 Proposed dam
8 Pollution, mine waste
9 Logging
10 Diversions, development

1993 rivers

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Pollution
2 Columbia, Snake, and Yakima Rivers Dams
3 Diversion, agricultural pollution
4 Sewage, development, sedimentation, dumping
5 Dams
6 Logging
7 Proposed dam
8 Hydroelectric project
9 Alsek and Tatshenshini Rivers Proposed mine
10 Dam

1992 rivers

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Columbia and Snake Rivers Dams
2 Alsek and Tatshenshini Rivers Proposed mine
3 Hydroelectric project
4 Flood control project
5 Proposed dam
6 Glen Canyon Dam
7 Hydroelectric, barge spills, agriculture, industrial discharge
8 Proposed dam
9 Logging, development
10 Logging, grazing, agriculture, mining

1991 rivers

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Glen Canyon Dam
2 Alsek and Tatshenshini Rivers Proposed mine
3 Proposed dam
4 Proposed dam
5 Proposed dam
6 Oil spills, hazardous cargo transport
7 Columbia and Snake Rivers Dams
8 Dam project
9 Proposed flood-control tunnel
10 Development

1990 rivers

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Proposed hydroelectric project
2 Proposed dam
3 Proposed dam
4 Proposed dam
5 Bruneau and Jarbidge Rivers Air Force missile range
6 Alsek and Tatshenshini Rivers Proposed mine
7 Proposed flood-control tunnel
8 Proposed methane project
9 Proposed pumice mine
10 Proposed dam

1989 rivers

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Dams
2 Proposed dam
3 Proposed dam
4 Proposed dam
5 Proposed dams
6 Proposed hydroelectric project
7 Hydroelectric project
8 Proposed dam
9 Development
10 Irrigation project

1988 rivers

Rank River State(s) Threats
1 Proposed dam
2 Proposed dam
3 Proposed dam
4 Proposed dam
5 Dams
6 Proposed dredging
7 Proposed dam
8 Proposed dam
9 Proposed irrigation project
10 Proposed hydroelectric projects

1987 rivers

American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 1987 via press release, with no accompanying report. All ten rivers faced dam proposals. The rivers were not ranked.

River State(s) Threats
Proposed dam
Proposed dam
Proposed dam
Proposed dam
Proposed dam
Proposed dam
Proposed dam
Proposed dam
Proposed dam
Proposed dam

1986 rivers

American Rivers announced its ten most endangered rivers of 1986 via press release, with no accompanying report. The rivers were not ranked.[54]

River State(s) Threats
Proposed hydroelectric project
Proposed hydroelectric project
Proposed dam
Proposed toxic waste incinerator site
Proposed toxic waste incinerator site
Proposed toxic waste incinerator site
Proposed dam
Proposed hydroelectric project
Proposed raising of reservoir level
Dam project at Sewalls Falls

Notes and References

  1. News: Kober . Amy Souers . A History of Success for America’s Most Endangered Rivers® . 8 August 2023 . www.americanrivers.org . American Rivers . 21 March 2023.
  2. News: Gibbens . Sarah . 2019's Endangered River report features Gila River . https://web.archive.org/web/20210518105817/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/article/most-endagnered-rivers-united-states . dead . May 18, 2021 . 8 August 2023 . nationalgeographic.com . National Geographic . 16 April 2019 . en.
  3. Web site: American Rivers Announces America’s Most Endangered Rivers® of 2024 . www.americanrivers.org . American Rivers . 16 April 2024 . 16 April 2024.
  4. News: Evans . Hayleigh . Arizona's Santa Cruz River is the fourth-most endangered waterway . 16 April 2024 . The Arizona Republic . 16 April 2024.
  5. Web site: American Rivers Announces America’s Most Endangered Rivers® of 2023 . www.americanrivers.org . American Rivers . 8 August 2023 . 18 April 2023.
  6. News: Childs . Jan . Colorado River Tops List Of Most Endangered Rivers . 8 August 2023 . The Weather Channel . 19 April 2023.
  7. News: Thomas-Blate . Jessie . America’s Most Endangered Rivers of 2022 Spotlights Rivers in Crisis Mode . 8 August 2023 . www.americanrivers.org . American Rivers . 19 April 2022.
  8. News: Ramirez . Rachel . The top 10 most endangered rivers in America . 8 August 2023 . CNN . 18 April 2022 . en.
  9. News: Kiernan . Tom . 2021 Most Endangered Rivers list highlights need for environmental justice . 8 August 2023 . www.americanrivers.org . American Rivers . 13 April 2021.
  10. News: Brasuell . James . 2021 Most Endangered Rivers List Highlights Environmental Justice . 8 August 2023 . www.planetizen.com . 19 April 2021 . en.
  11. News: Williams . Christopher . A Most Endangered Year . 8 August 2023 . www.americanrivers.org . American Rivers . 14 April 2020.
  12. News: Rice . Doyle . Upper Mississippi River is the nation's 'most endangered river' of 2020 . 8 August 2023 . USA TODAY . 14 April 2020.
  13. News: AMERICAN RIVERS ANNOUNCES AMERICA’S MOST ENDANGERED RIVERS® OF 2019 . 8 August 2023 . www.americanrivers.org . American Rivers . 19 April 2019.
  14. News: Newman . Katelyn . The 10 Most Endangered Rivers in America . 8 August 2023 . U.S. News & World Report . 16 April 2019.
  15. News: Thomas-Blate . Jessie . Announcing America’s Most Endangered Rivers® of 2018 . 8 August 2023 . www.americanrivers.org . American Rivers . 10 April 2018.
  16. News: Newman . Katelyn . The 10 Most Endangered Rivers in the U.S. . 8 August 2023 . U.S. News & World Reports . 10 April 2018.
  17. News: American Rivers Announces America’s Most Endangered Rivers® of 2017 . 8 August 2023 . www.americanrivers.org . American Rivers . 11 April 2017.
  18. News: Petri . Alexandra E. . Top 10 Most Endangered Rivers in the U.S. . https://web.archive.org/web/20210225231826/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/most-endangered-rivers-us-american-rivers . dead . February 25, 2021 . 8 August 2023 . nationalgeographic.com . National Geographic . 11 April 2017 . en.
  19. News: Howard . Brian Clark . Water Wars Threaten America's Most Endangered Rivers . https://web.archive.org/web/20210816184533/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/160412-americas-most-endangered-rivers-list-conservation . dead . August 16, 2021 . 8 August 2023 . nationalgeographic.com . National Geographic . 12 April 2016 . en.
  20. News: Kober . Amy Souers . America’s Most Endangered Rivers® of 2015 . 9 August 2023 . www.americanrivers.org . American Rivers . 7 April 2015.
  21. News: Loomis . Brandon . Colorado in Grand Canyon rated No. 1 endangered river . 9 August 2023 . USA TODAY . 7 April 2015.
  22. News: American Rivers announces America’s Most Endangered Rivers® of 2014 — . 9 August 2023 . www.americanrivers.org . American Rivers . 9 April 2014.
  23. News: Rice . Doyle . USA's most endangered rivers of 2014 . 9 August 2023 . USA TODAY . 9 April 2014.
  24. News: Loomis . Brandon . Colorado River named 'most endangered' . 9 August 2023 . USA TODAY . 17 April 2013.
  25. News: America's Most Endangered Rivers Of 2012 List . 9 August 2023 . HuffPost . 16 May 2012 . en.
  26. News: American Rivers names America—s —Most Endangered Rivers— of 2011 . 9 August 2023 . Civil + Structural Engineer magazine . 18 May 2011.
  27. News: American Rivers Announces America's Most Endangered Rivers™ of 2010 . 11 August 2023 . www.prnewswire.com . American Rivers . 2 June 2010 . en.
  28. News: Ansari . Azadeh . Report lists America's 10 most endangered . 11 August 2023 . edition.cnn.com . 7 April 2009.
  29. News: American Rivers Releases Endangered List . 11 August 2023 . Environmental Protection . 8 May 2008 . en.
  30. Web site: America's Most Endangered Rivers of 2007 . American Rivers . 11 August 2023 . 2007.
  31. News: Smith . Robert J. . Group puts Lee Creek on its endangered list . 11 August 2023 . Arkansas Online . 17 April 2007 . en.
  32. Web site: America's Most Endangered Rivers of 2006 . American Rivers . 11 August 2023 . 2006.
  33. News: Pajaro River tops 2006 "endangered" rivers list . 11 August 2023 . Hydro Review . 27 April 2006.
  34. Web site: America's Most Endangered Rivers of 2005 . American Rivers . 11 August 2023 . 2005.
  35. News: Kelley . Daryl . Santa Clara River Listed as the 10th Most Endangered U.S. Waterway . 11 August 2023 . Los Angeles Times . 13 April 2005.
  36. Web site: America's Most Endangered Rivers of 2004 . American Rivers . 11 August 2023 . 2004.
  37. News: Depalma . Anthony . Housatonic River Ranked Among Most Endangered . 11 August 2023 . The New York Times . 14 April 2004 . en.
  38. Web site: America's Most Endangered Rivers of 2003 . American Rivers . 11 August 2023 . 2003.
  39. News: Weber . Lara . Endangered rivers . 11 August 2023 . Chicago Tribune . 10 April 2003.
  40. News: Most Endangered Rivers of 2002 announced . https://web.archive.org/web/20220121052002/http://www.prweb.com/releases/2002/04/prweb36216.htm . dead . January 21, 2022 . 11 August 2023 . PRWeb . American Rivers . 4 April 2002.
  41. News: Study: Missouri tops endangered rivers . 11 August 2023 . edition.cnn.com . 2 April 2002.
  42. Web site: America's Most Endangered Rivers of 2001 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111206175347/http://www.americanrivers.org/assets/pdfs/mer-past-reports/mer_2001.pdf. 6 December 2011 . American Rivers . 12 August 2023 . 2001.
  43. News: Pawelski . Natalie . Rivers feel heat as U.S. energy demand rises . 11 August 2023 . www.cnn.com . 11 April 2001.
  44. News: Endangered Rivers . 11 August 2023 . C-SPAN.org . April 11, 2001.
  45. Web site: America's Most Endangered Rivers of 2000 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111225141636/http://www.americanrivers.org/assets/pdfs/mer-past-reports/mer_2000.pdf. 25 December 2011 . American Rivers . 12 August 2023 . 2000.
  46. News: Conservation group lists most endangered U.S. rivers . 11 August 2023 . edition.cnn.com . 10 April 2000.
  47. News: Endangered Rivers . 11 August 2023 . C-SPAN.org . 10 April 2000.
  48. Web site: America's Most Endangered Rivers of 1999 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111225141654/http://www.americanrivers.org/assets/pdfs/mer-past-reports/mer_1999_web.pdf. 25 December 2011 . American Rivers . 12 August 2023 . 1999.
  49. News: American Rivers . 10 Most Endangered Rivers for 1999 . 11 August 2023 . bluefish.org . Paddler Magazine . July/August 1999.
  50. Web site: America's Most Endangered Rivers of 1998 . American Rivers . 12 August 2023 . April 1998.
  51. News: Collins . Sharon . Portion of Columbia River tops endangered list . 12 August 2023 . www.cnn.com . 6 April 1998.
  52. Web site: 1997 Most Endangered Rivers report . amrivers.org . American Rivers . 12 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20030615064242/http://amrivers.org/mostendangered/1997report.htm . 15 June 2003.
  53. Web site: 1996 Most Endangered Rivers report . amrivers.org . American Rivers . 12 August 2023 . https://web.archive.org/web/20030615064307/http://amrivers.org/mostendangered/1996report.htm . 15 June 2003.
  54. Web site: America’s Most Endangered Rivers™ Report: 1986 - 1995. https://web.archive.org/web/20120928010600/http://www.americanrivers.org/our-work/protecting-rivers/endangered-rivers/background/past-reports-1.html. 28 September 2012 . American Rivers . 12 August 2023.