| Unit Name: | Ambala Brigade Ambala Cavalry Brigade 3rd (Ambala) Cavalry Brigade |
| Dates: | July 1904 – March 1918 |
| Allegiance: | British Crown |
| Type: | Cavalry |
| Size: | Brigade |
| Command Structure: | 3rd (Lahore) Division 1st Indian Cavalry Division 2nd Indian Cavalry Division |
| Garrison: | Ambala Cantonment |
| Battles: | First World War |
The Ambala Cavalry Brigade was a cavalry brigade of the British Indian Army formed in 1904 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms. It was mobilized as 3rd (Ambala) Cavalry Brigade at the outbreak of the First World War as part of the 1st Indian Cavalry Division and departed for France. It served on the Western Front with the 1st and 2nd Indian Cavalry Divisions until it was broken up in March 1918.
The Kitchener Reforms, carried out during Lord Kitchener's tenure as Commander-in-Chief, India (1902–09), completed the unification of the three former Presidency armies, the Punjab Frontier Force, the Hyderabad Contingent and other local forces into one Indian Army. Kitchener identified the Indian Army's main task as the defence of the North-West Frontier against foreign aggression (particularly Russian expansion into Afghanistan) with internal security relegated to a secondary role. The Army was organized into divisions and brigades that would act as field formations but also included internal security troops.
The Ambala Brigade (also referred to as Umballa Brigade) was formed in July 1904 as a result of the Kitchener Reforms. The brigade formed part of the 3rd (Lahore) Division. In 1908, it was redesignated as Ambala Cavalry Brigade.[1] [2]
With 1st Indian Cavalry Division, it departed Bombay on 16 October and landed at Marseilles on 7 November. It concentrated around Orléans on 16 November and was sent up to the Front on 26 November. While in France, the brigade was known by its geographical rather than numerical designation so as to avoid confusion with the British 3rd Cavalry Brigade also serving on the Western Front at the same time. On 15 September 1915, the brigade swapped places with the 5th (Mhow) Cavalry Brigade from 2nd Indian Cavalry Division.
In 1916, the brigade took part in the Battle of the Somme, notably the Battle of Bazentin (1417 July) and the Battle of Flers–Courcelette (1522 September). In 1917, the brigade took part in the Battle of Cambrai, notably the Tank Attack (2021 November) and the German Counter-attacks (30 November3 December). At other times it was held in reserve in case of a breakthrough, although it did send parties to the trenches on a number of occasions. They would hold the line, or act as Pioneers; such parties were designated as the Ambala Battalion.
The Ambala Brigade / Ambala Cavalry Brigade / 3rd (Ambala) Cavalry Brigade had the following commanders:
| From | Rank | Name | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 July 1904 | ||||
| 28 April 1906[3] | Brigadier-General | |||
| 4 March 1907 | Brigadier-General | |||
| July 1909 | Brigadier-General | |||
| 11 April 1910[4] | ||||
| 1 May 1916 | Brigadier-General | Broken up in March 1918 |