The Amazon black howler (Alouatta nigerrima) is a species of howler monkey, a type of New World monkey, endemic to the south-central Amazon in Brazil. Until 2001, most authorities included it as a subspecies (or simply a taxonomically insignificant variation) of the red-handed howler,[1] though its distinction had already been pointed out much earlier.[2] As suggested by its name, it typically appears entirely black.[3]