Amana (organization) explained
Amana ('Covenant') is an Israeli settlement movement formed by Gush Emunim in 1976.[1] [2] Its primary goal was "developing communities in Judea, Samaria, the Golan Heights, the Galilee, the Negev and Gush Katif."[3] The initial communities it developed were Ofra, Mevo Modi'in, Kedumim, and Ma'aleh Adumim.[3] Settlements developed in the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, are illegal under international law.[4]
It became a registered association in 1978.[5] [6] It was also recognized by the World Zionist Organization.[7] Over time, it became nearly independent of Gush Emunim.[8]
An investigation by the Israeli police into 15 land deals conducted by the Amana subsidiary Al Watan concluded early in 2016 that 14 of the transactions were fraudulent.[9] One method used involved giving a suitcase full of cash to a fake Palestinian owner and taking it back afterwards.[9] Al Watan denied the charges.[9]
On 27 June 2024, Canada imposed sanctions on the Amana movement "for their role in facilitating, supporting or financially contributing to acts of violence ... against Palestinian civilians and their property".[10]
External links
Notes and References
- Book: Goldberg, Giora . Gush Emunim New Settlements in the West Bank: From Social Movement to Regional Interest Group . Ben-Zadok . Efraim . Local communities and the Israeli polity: conflict of values and interests . 199 . . SUNY series in Israeli studies . 1993 . 9780791415610 . 18 November 2011 . 28 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240628115108/https://books.google.com/books?id=zsyUKkZ_gssC&pg=PA199#v=onepage&q&f=false . live .
- Book: Israeli Visions and Divisions . registration . 83 . amana settlement movement. . 1989 . Transaction Publishers . Myron J. Aronoff . 9780887382550 . November 18, 2011.
- Web site: אמנה - תנועת ההתיישבות - about us . Amana.co.il . November 18, 2011 . October 22, 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20111022014657/http://www.amana.co.il/Index.asp?CategoryID=101&ArticleID=166 . dead .
- Web site: The Geneva Convention . . 10 December 2009 . 27 November 2010 . 12 May 2019 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190512075554/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/1682640.stm . live .
- Book: Yishai, Yael . Land or peace: whither Israel? . 120 . . Hoover Press publication, Volume 352 . 1987 . 9780817985233 . 18 November 2011 . 28 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240628115052/https://books.google.com/books?id=-D9AxJlXz64C&pg=PA120#v=onepage&q&f=false . live .
- Book: Kass . Ilana . O'Neill . Bard E. . The deadly embrace: the impact of Israeli and Palestinian rejectionism on the peace process . . 1997 . 9780761805359 . 18 November 2011 . 28 June 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240628115054/https://books.google.com/books?id=ApANDp1XzmgC&pg=PA143#v=onepage&q&f=false . live .
- Book: Society and settlement: Jewish land of Israel in the twentieth century . registration . 93 . amana settlement movement . 1993 . SUNY Press . Kellerman, Aharon . 18 November 2011.
- Book: Gideon, Aran . Jewish Zionist Fundamentalism: The Bloc of the Faithful in Israel (Gush Emunim) . 282 . Marty . Martin E. . Appleby . R. Scott . Fundamentalisms Observed . . The Fundamentalism Project . 1 . 1994 . 9780226508788 . November 18, 2011 . June 28, 2024 . https://web.archive.org/web/20240628115053/https://books.google.com/books?id=qd5yzP5hdiEC&pg=PA282#v=onepage&q&f=false . live .
- News: Almost All West Bank Land Deals for Illegal Settlements Forged, Investigation Finds . Levinson, Chaim . Haaretz . 1 February 2016 . 2 February 2016 . 30 December 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20171230061614/https://www.haaretz.com/israel-news/.premium-1.700794 . live .
- Web site: Tibon . Amir . Peleg . Bar . Breiner . Josh . June 27, 2024 . Canada Imposes Sanctions on Prominent Israeli Settler Leaders, Organizations in West Bank . June 28, 2024 . .
