| bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2 | Alternated cubic honeycomb | |
|---|---|---|
| bgcolor=#ffffff align=center colspan=2 | ||
| Type | Uniform honeycomb | |
| Family | Alternated hypercubic honeycomb Simplectic honeycomb | |
| Indexing[1] | J21,31,51, A2 W9, G1 | |
| Schläfli symbols | h ht0,3 hh ht0,2h hhh sss | |
| Coxeter diagrams | = = = = | |
| Cells | ||
| Faces | ||
| Edge figure | [{3,3}.{3,4}]2 (rectangle) | |
| Vertex figure | (cuboctahedron) | |
| Symmetry group | Fmm (225) | |
| Coxeter group | {\tilde{B}}3 | |
| Dual | Dodecahedrille rhombic dodecahedral honeycomb Cell: | |
| Properties | vertex-transitive, edge-transitive, quasiregular honeycomb |
Other names include half cubic honeycomb, half cubic cellulation, or tetragonal disphenoidal cellulation. John Horton Conway calls this honeycomb a tetroctahedrille, and its dual a dodecahedrille.
R. Buckminster Fuller combines the two words octahedron and tetrahedron into octet truss, a rhombohedron consisting of one octahedron (or two square pyramids) and two opposite tetrahedra.
It is vertex-transitive with 8 tetrahedra and 6 octahedra around each vertex. It is edge-transitive with 2 tetrahedra and 2 octahedra alternating on each edge.
It is part of an infinite family of uniform honeycombs called alternated hypercubic honeycombs, formed as an alternation of a hypercubic honeycomb and being composed of demihypercube and cross-polytope facets. It is also part of another infinite family of uniform honeycombs called simplectic honeycombs.
In this case of 3-space, the cubic honeycomb is alternated, reducing the cubic cells to tetrahedra, and the deleted vertices create octahedral voids. As such it can be represented by an extended Schläfli symbol h as containing half the vertices of the cubic honeycomb.
There is a similar honeycomb called gyrated tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb which has layers rotated 60 degrees so half the edges have neighboring rather than alternating tetrahedra and octahedra.
The tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb can have its symmetry doubled by placing tetrahedra on the octahedral cells, creating a nonuniform honeycomb consisting of tetrahedra and octahedra (as triangular antiprisms). Its vertex figure is an order-3 truncated triakis tetrahedron. This honeycomb is the dual of the triakis truncated tetrahedral honeycomb, with triakis truncated tetrahedral cells.
For an alternated cubic honeycomb, with edges parallel to the axes and with an edge length of 1, the Cartesian coordinates of the vertices are: (For all integral values: i,j,k with i+j+k even)
(i, j, k)
There are two reflective constructions and many alternated cubic honeycomb ones; examples:
The alternated cubic honeycomb can be sliced into sections, where new square faces are created from inside of the octahedron. Each slice will contain up and downward facing square pyramids and tetrahedra sitting on their edges. A second slice direction needs no new faces and includes alternating tetrahedral and octahedral. This slab honeycomb is a scaliform honeycomb rather than uniform because it has nonuniform cells.
The alternated cubic honeycomb can be orthogonally projected into the planar square tiling by a geometric folding operation that maps one pairs of mirrors into each other. The projection of the alternated cubic honeycomb creates two offset copies of the square tiling vertex arrangement of the plane:
Its vertex arrangement represents an A3 lattice or D3 lattice.[2] [3] This lattice is known as the face-centered cubic lattice in crystallography and is also referred to as the cubic close packed lattice as its vertices are the centers of a close-packing with equal spheres that achieves the highest possible average density. The tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb is the 3-dimensional case of a simplectic honeycomb. Its Voronoi cell is a rhombic dodecahedron, the dual of the cuboctahedron vertex figure for the tet-oct honeycomb.
The D packing can be constructed by the union of two D3 (or A3) lattices. The D packing is only a lattice for even dimensions. The kissing number is 22=4, (2n-1 for n<8, 240 for n=8, and 2n(n-1) for n>8).[4]
∪
The A or D lattice (also called A or D) can be constructed by the union of all four A3 lattices, and is identical to the vertex arrangement of the disphenoid tetrahedral honeycomb, dual honeycomb of the uniform bitruncated cubic honeycomb:[5] It is also the body centered cubic, the union of two cubic honeycombs in dual positions.
∪ ∪ ∪ = dual of = ∪ .
The kissing number of the D lattice is 8[6] and its Voronoi tessellation is a bitruncated cubic honeycomb,, containing all truncated octahedral Voronoi cells, .[7]
The [4,3,4],, Coxeter group generates 15 permutations of uniform honeycombs, 9 with distinct geometry including the alternated cubic honeycomb. The expanded cubic honeycomb (also known as the runcinated tesseractic honeycomb) is geometrically identical to the cubic honeycomb.
The [4,3<sup>1,1</sup>],, Coxeter group generates 9 permutations of uniform honeycombs, 4 with distinct geometry including the alternated cubic honeycomb.
This honeycomb is one of five distinct uniform honeycombs[8] constructed by the
{\tilde{A}}3
| bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2 | Cantic cubic honeycomb | - | bgcolor=#ffffff align=center colspan=2 | --> |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Uniform honeycomb | |||
| Schläfli symbol | h2 | |||
| Coxeter diagrams | = = | |||
| Cells | ||||
| Faces | ||||
| Vertex figure | rectangular pyramid | |||
| Coxeter groups | [4,3<sup>1,1</sup>], {\tilde{B}}3 [3<sup>[4]], {\tilde{A}}3 | |||
| Symmetry group | Fmm (225) | |||
| Dual | half oblate octahedrille Cell: | |||
| Properties | vertex-transitive |
John Horton Conway calls this honeycomb a truncated tetraoctahedrille, and its dual half oblate octahedrille.
It has two different uniform constructions. The
{\tilde{A}}3
| Symmetry | [4,3<sup>1,1</sup>], {\tilde{B}}3 =<[3<sup>[4]]> | [3<sup>[4]], {\tilde{A}}3 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Space group | Fmm (225) | F3m (216) | |
| Coloring | |||
| Coxeter | = | = | |
| Vertex figure |
It is related to the cantellated cubic honeycomb. Rhombicuboctahedra are reduced to truncated octahedra, and cubes are reduced to truncated tetrahedra.
| bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2 | Runcic cubic honeycomb | - | bgcolor=#ffffff align=center colspan=2 | --> |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Uniform honeycomb | |||
| Schläfli symbol | h3 | |||
| Coxeter diagrams | = | |||
| Cells | ||||
| Faces | ||||
| Vertex figure | triangular frustum | |||
| Coxeter group | {\tilde{B}}4 | |||
| Symmetry group | Fmm (225) | |||
| Dual | quarter cubille Cell: | |||
| Properties | vertex-transitive |
John Horton Conway calls this honeycomb a 3-RCO-trille, and its dual quarter cubille.
The dual of a runcic cubic honeycomb is called a quarter cubille, with Coxeter diagram, with faces in 2 of 4 hyperplanes of the
{\tilde{B}}4
Cells can be seen as 1/4 of dissected cube, using 4 vertices and the center. Four cells exist around 6 edges, and 3 cells around 3 edges.
It is related to the runcinated cubic honeycomb, with quarter of the cubes alternated into tetrahedra, and half expanded into rhombicuboctahedra.
This honeycomb can be divided on truncated square tiling planes, using the octagons centers of the rhombicuboctahedra, creating square cupolae. This scaliform honeycomb is represented by Coxeter diagram, and symbol s3, with coxeter notation symmetry [2<sup>+</sup>,4,4].
.
| bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2 | Runcicantic cubic honeycomb | - | bgcolor=#ffffff align=center colspan=2 | --> |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Uniform honeycomb | |||
| Schläfli symbol | h2,3 | |||
| Coxeter diagrams | = | |||
| Cells | ||||
| Faces | ||||
| Vertex figure | mirrored sphenoid | |||
| Coxeter group | {\tilde{B}}4 | |||
| Symmetry group | Fmm (225) | |||
| Dual | half pyramidille Cell: | |||
| Properties | vertex-transitive |
John Horton Conway calls this honeycomb a f-tCO-trille, and its dual half pyramidille.
The dual to the runcitruncated cubic honeycomb is called a half pyramidille, with Coxeter diagram . Faces exist in 3 of 4 hyperplanes of the [4,3<sup>1,1</sup>],
{\tilde{B}}3
Cells are irregular pyramids and can be seen as 1/12 of a cube, or 1/24 of a rhombic dodecahedron, each defined with three corner and the cube center.
A related uniform skew apeirohedron exists with the same vertex arrangement, but triangles and square removed. It can be seen as truncated tetrahedra and truncated cubes augmented together.
| bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2 | Gyrated tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb | - | bgcolor=#ffffff align=center colspan=2 | --> |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | width=200 | convex uniform honeycomb | ||
| Coxeter diagrams | ||||
| Schläfli symbols | h:g hh sh sh | |||
| Cells | ||||
| Faces | ||||
| Vertex figure | triangular orthobicupola G3.4.3.4 | |||
| Space group | P63/mmc (194) [3,6,2<sup>+</sup>,∞] | |||
| Dual | trapezo-rhombic dodecahedral honeycomb | |||
| Properties | vertex-transitive |
It is vertex-uniform with 8 tetrahedra and 6 octahedra around each vertex.
It is not edge-uniform. All edges have 2 tetrahedra and 2 octahedra, but some are alternating, and some are paired.
It can be seen as reflective layers of this layer honeycomb:
This is a less symmetric version of another honeycomb, tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb, in which each edge is surrounded by alternating tetrahedra and octahedra. Both can be considered as consisting of layers one cell thick, within which the two kinds of cell strictly alternate. Because the faces on the planes separating these layers form a regular pattern of triangles, adjacent layers can be placed so that each octahedron in one layer meets a tetrahedron in the next layer, or so that each cell meets a cell of its own kind (the layer boundary thus becomes a reflection plane). The latter form is called gyrated.
The vertex figure is called a triangular orthobicupola, compared to the tetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb whose vertex figure cuboctahedron in a lower symmetry is called a triangular gyrobicupola, so the gyro- prefix is reversed in usage.
The geometry can also be constructed with an alternation operation applied to a hexagonal prismatic honeycomb. The hexagonal prism cells become octahedra and the voids create triangular bipyramids which can be divided into pairs of tetrahedra of this honeycomb. This honeycomb with bipyramids is called a ditetrahedral-octahedral honeycomb. There are 3 Coxeter-Dynkin diagrams, which can be seen as 1, 2, or 3 colors of octahedra:
| bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2 | Gyroelongated alternated cubic honeycomb | - | bgcolor=#ffffff align=center colspan=2 | --> |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Uniform honeycomb | |||
| Schläfli symbol | h:ge h1 | |||
| Coxeter diagram | ||||
| Cells | ||||
| Faces | ||||
| Vertex figure | ||||
| Space group | P63/mmc (194) [3,6,2<sup>+</sup>,∞] | |||
| Properties | vertex-transitive |
It is vertex-transitive with 3 octahedra, 4 tetrahedra, 6 triangular prisms around each vertex.
It is one of 28 convex uniform honeycombs.
The elongated alternated cubic honeycomb has the same arrangement of cells at each vertex, but the overall arrangement differs. In the elongated form, each prism meets a tetrahedron at one of its triangular faces and an octahedron at the other; in the gyroelongated form, the prism meets the same kind of deltahedron at each end.
| bgcolor=#e7dcc3 colspan=2 | Elongated alternated cubic honeycomb | - | bgcolor=#ffffff align=center colspan=2 | --> |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | width=200 | Uniform honeycomb | ||
| Schläfli symbol | h:e g1 | |||
| Cells | ||||
| Faces | ||||
| Vertex figure | triangular cupola joined to isosceles hexagonal pyramid | |||
| Symmetry group | [6,(3,2<sup>+</sup>,∞,2<sup>+</sup>)] ? | |||
| Properties | vertex-transitive |
It is vertex-transitive with 3 octahedra, 4 tetrahedra, 6 triangular prisms around each vertex. Each prism meets an octahedron at one end and a tetrahedron at the other.
It is one of 28 convex uniform honeycombs.
It has a gyrated form called the gyroelongated alternated cubic honeycomb with the same arrangement of cells at each vertex.