Alphonse de Malzac explained

Louis Isaac Alphonse de Malzac (22 June 1822 – April 1860) was a French diplomat turned slave trader and hunter. He is notably associated with his activities in Gondokoro, present-day South Sudan, where he died.

Biography

Born in Sauve, Gard, France on 22 June 1822,^[1] de Malzac left on a diplomatic mission to Egypt in 1850 but became a slave trader there.^[2] One of the first French people, he entered Bahr el Ghazal, founded Rumbek in 1858^[3] and had himself proclaimed "King of the White Nile".^{[4] [5] [6]}

With his own army, he sows terror and goes up the Nile.^[7] Alexandre Vayssière, who accompanied him at the beginning for his ivory trade, as well as the Austrian vice-consul in Khartoum, Joseph Natterer, disavowed his methods and separated from him.^[8]

He died in April 1860 at Gondokoro while preparing an expedition to the sources of the Nile with Alfred Peney.^[9]

References

1. Web site: Alphonse De Malzac, L'âme Noire Du Nil Blanc - Les Cahiers de Science & Vie . 2024-06-23 . Everand . en.
2. Book: LANE . PAUL . JOHNSON . DOUGLAS . December 2009 . The Archaeology and History of Slavery in South Sudan in the Nineteenth Century . 2024-06-23 . The British Academy . 10.5871/bacad/9780197264423.003.0026. 978-0-19-726442-3 .
3. Web site: Sudan Notes and Records Volume 11 — Sudan Open Archive . 2024-06-23 . sudanarchive.net.
4. Web site: Binder, Franz (1820-1875) on JSTOR . 2024-06-23 . plants.jstor.org .
5. Web site: First Raise a Flag: How South Sudan Won the Longest War But Lost the Peace [Paperback ed.] 0190052708, 9780190052706 ]. 2024-06-23 . dokumen.pub . en.
6. Book: Willink, Robert Joost . The Fateful Journey: The Expedition of Alexine Tinne and Theodor Von Heuglin in Sudan (1863-1864) . 2011-01-01 . Amsterdam University Press . 978-90-8964-352-0 . en.
7. Book: Garang, Kuol . The Legacy of Civil War in South Sudan: Elite Ethno-Politics and Failed Peace Agreements . La Trobe University . 2011 . 33.
8. Web site: The Letter with Annotations Livingstone Online . 2024-06-23 . livingstoneonline.org.
9. Pinaud . Clemence . 2021-02-09 . War and Genocide in South Sudan . Cornell University Press EBooks.