Aror Explained

Map Type:Sindh#Pakistan
Relief:yes
Map Alt:Aror
Coordinates:27.65°N 68.9833°W
Type:Settlement
Abandoned:9th century AD

Aror (or Alor or Arorkot) is the medieval name of the city of Rohri in Sindh, modern Pakistan.[1] [2] Aror once served as the capital of Sindh.[3] [4] [5]

History

See also: Battle of Aror. As Roruka, capital of the Sauvira Kingdom, it is mentioned as an important trading center in early Buddhist literature. In the Chachnamah, members of the Brahman group were noted in the city of Aror.[6] Little is known about the city's history prior to the Arab invasion in the 8th century CE.[7] Sauvīra was an ancient kingdom of the lower Indus Valley.[8] Aror was the capital of the Rai dynasty and then the Brahman dynasty that once ruled northern Sindh.[9]

Aror is the ancestral town of the Arora community.[10] [11] [12] In 711, Aror was captured by the army of Umayyad general Muhammad ibn al-Qasim.[13]

In 962 it was hit by a massive earthquake that changed the course of the Indus River and ruined the town's mud brick building,[14] thereby setting into play the city's decline, and eventual re-settlement at Rohri,[15] along the modern-day shores of the Indus.[16]

Ruins

Most of Aror's ruins have been lost, though some arches of a mosque built shortly after the 8th century Arab invasion remain standing.[16] The Kalka Cave Temple, a Hindu temple dedicated to Kalkaan Devi, still exists near the ruins, and is still used.[16] The Chattan Shah ji Takri shrine is built atop a high rock outside the city, and is traditionally believed to be a companion of Ali, cousin of Muhammad.[16]

See also

Further reading

Notes and References

  1. Book: Singh. Kumar Suresh. Ghosh. Tapash Kumar. Nath. Surendra. People of India: Delhi. 8 October 2014. 1996. Anthropological Survey of India. 9788173040962. The Arora or Rora is a community of traders of the south-western part of the Punjab. Their origin according to the Bhavishya Purana, can be traced back to the time of Parshuram, who in anger started killing the Kshatriyas. In this process, Parshuram met a Kshatriya who refused to oppose the Brahmans, and winning Parshuram's respect, was asked to go to Sindh to setde there. Later, the place came to be known as Arutkot or Arorkot. His progeny are called Aroras..
  2. Web site: The News on Sunday (TNS) » Weekly Magazine - The News International . 2023-08-01 . www.thenews.com.pk . en . More than a thousand years ago Arore (also known as Alore) was the capital of Sindh, and the boundaries of this Hindu kingdom extended far and wide..
  3. Book: Commissioner, India Census. Census of India, 1911 .... 1912. Printed at the Government central Press. 445. en. The Arora or Rora is evidently connected with Arorkot near Rori (Sukkur), the ancient capital of Sindh ..
  4. Book: Malhotra, Anshu. Gender, Caste, and Religious Identities: Restructuring Class in Colonial Punjab. 8 October 2014. 2002. Oxford University Press. 9780195656480. The Aroras were also said to be the Khatris of Arorkot, or Aror, the ancient capital of Sindh..
  5. Book: Handbook of the Punjab, Western Rajputana, Kashmir, and Upper Sindh. 8 October 2014. 1883. John Murray. 293. Aror.--While at Rorhi, a visit may be paid to the very ancient town of Aor, which is only 5 m. distant to the E. This was the capital of the Hindu Rajas of Sindh and was taken from them by the Muslims, under Muhammad Kasim, about 711 A.D. At that time the Indus washed the city of Battle of Aror, but it was diverted from it by an earthquake about 962 A.D., at which the river entered its present channel..
  6. Derryl N. MacLean (1989), Religion and Society in Arab Sind, p.51,136
  7. Book: Hughes. Albert William. A Gazetteer of the Province of Sind. G. Bell and Sons. 1876. 677. aror .. 19 December 2017.
  8. Web site: The Mahabharata, Book 8: Karna Parva: Section 44. 13 September 2015. Internet Sacred Text Archive.
  9. Book: MacLean, Derryl N.. Religion and Society in Arab Sind. BRILL. 1989. 9004085513.
  10. Book: Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. 8 May 2003. Oxford University Press. 978-0-19-977169-1. 58. en.
  11. Book: Thakur, U. T. . Sindhi Culture . 1959 . University of Bombay . 58 . en . This Arorkot is Arore or Alore and the Aroras are called after the name of the ancient capital Arore..
  12. Book: Dogra . R. C. . Encyclopaedia of Sikh Religion and Culture . Mansukhani . Gobind Singh . 1995 . Vikas Publishing House . 978-0-7069-8368-5 . 40 . en.
  13. History of the Punjab, Volume 1 by Fauja Singh, Published by the Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University, 1977
  14. Book: Rose, H. A . H. A. Rose

    . A Glossary of The Tribes & Castes of The Punjab & North West Frontier Province . 1911 . II . Lahore . Samuel T. Weston . H. A. Rose . 17 . 2011-10-24.

  15. Book: Bowden. Rob. Settlements of the Indus River. 2004. Heinemann-Raintree Library. 1403457182. 19 December 2017.
  16. News: Where the city of Aror once stood in glory. 19 December 2017. Dawn.

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