Alona, Greece Explained

Alona
Name Local:Άλωνα, Арменско
Type:community
Periph:West Macedonia
Periphunit:Florina
Municipality:Florina
Population:164
Population As Of:2021
Coordinates:40.7769°N 21.3028°W
Licence:ΡΑ
Caption Skyline:Alona, then Armenskon in 1917
Elevation:1000

Alona (Greek, Modern (1453-);: Άλωνα, before 1927: Αρμένσκον – Armenskon;[1] Bulgarian & Macedonian: Арменско) is a mountainous village in the region of Florina, northern Greece. It is located on the slope of mountain Pelister, in an average height of . According to the 2021 Greek census, it had 164 inhabitants.

History

The village was founded by Armenians, spoon masters. In the Ottoman tax registers of the non-Muslim population from 1626 to 1627, the village was recorded under the name Ermencheva with 53 Christian households.[2] In 1848, the Russian Slavist Victor Grigorovich described the village as Bulgarian.[3] Even until 1940, according to the EAM member Pavlos Koufis, the inhabitants of the village continued to be predominantly Slavophone,[4] with the exception of some Grecophone Sarakatsani families.[5]

Some people of the village took part in the Ilinden Uprising in 1903,[6] which resulted in major catastrophes to the village and several of its inhabitants were slaughtered by the Ottoman forces during a battle with komitadjis near the village.[7] Many inhabitants of the village also participated in the Macedonian Struggle, either siding with IMRO either with the Macedonian Committee. In September 1905, approximately 20 Macedonian fighters led by chieftains Pavlos Kyrou and Stefanos Grigoriou entered the village, killing 2 armed men who were assosicated with IMRO.[8] [9]

In 1940 Alona had 991[10] inhabitants who 2/3 had partial or non-Greek self-identification. During the Axis occupation of Greece a group of the inhabitants of the village assisted Bulgaria.[11] Later, 7 of the inhabitants of the village were executed by the Germans, of which 3 were accused of being andarts of ELAS.[12]

According to some estimates,[13] during the Greek Civil War, more than 150 locals were conscripted into the Democratic Army of Greece. Of which, 57 or 61 were killed during combat operations, executed or died in prison or exile, while one was killed fighting alongside government forces. With the end of the Civil War, the defeated rebels fled to the socialist countries, and in the following decades there was a wave of immigration to the United States, Australia and Canada, resulting in the dramatical decrease of the permanent population of the village. In Toronto, Canada there are 285 families from Alona.[14]

Personalities

People of the Hellenic Macedonian Committee like chieftain Simos Ioannidis and Makedonomachoi such as Petros Alexiou,[15] Petros Stoikou, Spyridon Tasis and Konstantinos Temelkou were born in Alona or then known as Armenskon.[16] The Bulgarian komitadjis Ivan Gochev Kulinov[17] and Anastas Iliev[18] were born in the village as well. The author and soldier of the Greek Resistance Pavlos Koufis (1913-2003) was from Alona too.[19]

Culture

The traditional costume of the Alonians was the inspiration for the uniform of the Makedonomachoi, which today is the official uniform of the Evzones in Syntagma Square of Athens.[20] The settlement bearts its name to the traditional dance of Aloniotikos or known as well as Armetskoto.[21]

Notes and References

  1. Web site: Institute for Neohellenic Research. Name Changes of Settlements in Greece: Armenskon – Alonas. Pandektis. 21 July 2024.
  2. Турски извори за българската история, т. VII, София 1986, с. 332.
  3. Григорович, В. Очеркъ путешествія по Европейской Турціи, Москва, 1877, стр.93.
  4. Παύλος Κούφης, "Άλωνα Φλώρινας - Αγώνες και θυσίες", Athens, 1990, p. 148.
  5. Web site: Σύλλογος Σαρακατσαναίων Δυτικής Μακεδονίας «Ο Φλάμπουρας» το ιδρυτικό πρώτο διοικητικό συμβούλιο . 2019-09-07 . 2016-03-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160305052037/http://www.e-sarakatsanos.gr/index.php/news/anakoinoseis/item/%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%BF%CF%83-%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B9%CF%89%CE%BD-%CE%B4%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%83-%CE%BC%CE%B1%CE%BA%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83-%CE%BF-%CF%86%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%83-%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%B9%CE%B4%CF%81%CF%85%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF-%CF%80%CF%81%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF-%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B7%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%BF-%CF%83%CF%85%CE%BC%CE%B2%CE%BF%CF%85%CE%BB%CE%B9%CE%BF . dead .
  6. Web site: Atanas Tane Naumovski, "Lerin in mourning", Pollitecon Publications, Wareemba, NSW, Australia, 2014, p. 73. . 2019-09-07 . 2015-03-10 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150310072843/http://pollitecon.com/html/Lerin-in-Mourning/assets/Lerin-in-Mourning.pdf . dead .
  7. Newspaper Σκριπ, 13 August 1903, p. 1-2
  8. [Georgios Modis]
  9. http://lithoksou.net/florina_a.html Δημήτρης Λιθοξόου, "Πληθυσμός και οικισμοί της περιοχής Φλώρινας", Αρμένσκο
  10. Μιχαήλ Σταματελάτος & Φωτεινή Βαμβά-Σταματελάτου, "Γεωγραφικό Λεξικό της Ελλάδας", vol. 1, Ta Nea, Athens, 2012, p. 63.
  11. [John S. Koliopoulos]
  12. John S. Koliopoulos, "Λεηλασία Φρονημάτων", vol. 2, publ. Βάνιας, Thessaloniki, 1995, p. 251.
  13. Atanas Tane Naumovski, 2014, p. 74.
  14. Web site: Euromosaic. Le [slavo]macédonien/bulgare en Grèce]. [Slavo]Macedonian/Bulgarian in Greece. Research Centre of Multilingualism. 2006. 10 July 2024. https://web.archive.org/web/20190209180202/https://www.uoc.edu/euromosaic/web/document/macedoni/fr/i1/i1.html. 9 February 2019. live. dmy-all. fr.
  15. Ε. Φωτιάδου, "Η συμμετοχή του νομού Φλωρίνης στο Μακεδονικό Αγώνα", magazine Αριστοτέλης, part 156 (1982), p. 16-20
  16. [John S. Koliopoulos]
  17. Николов, Борис Й. Вътрешна македоно-одринска революционна организация. Войводи и ръководители (1893-1934). Биографично-библиографски справочник, София 2001, стр. 87.
  18. Македонски Алманах, издава Ц.К. на МПО, редактор Петър Ацев, издание на "The Macedonian Tribune", Indianapolis 1940, стр.326-327.
  19. http://www2.rizospastis.gr/storyPlain.do?id=3332980 Article in the newspaper Ριζοσπάστης, 16-4-2006: "Μνήμες Αγωνιστών"
  20. Web site: Περιφερειακή Ενότητα Φλώρινας, Περιφέρεια Δυτικής Μακεδονίας, Τοπογραφία του Νομού Φλώρινας, Κοινότητες της πεδιάδας Φλώρινας . 2019-09-07 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121017111435/http://www.florina.gr/el/%CE%A4%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82-%CE%9F%CE%B4%CE%B7%CE%B3%CF%8C%CF%82/%CE%98%CE%AD%CF%83%CE%B7-%CE%A0%CF%81%CF%8C%CF%83%CE%B2%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7 . 2012-10-17 . dead .
  21. Κώστας Τσώνης, Λαϊκοί Οργανοπαίχτες και Μουσικοχορευτική Παράδοση της Φλώρινας, στη Μελβούρνη της Αυστραλίας, E. Close, M. Tsianikas and G. Couvalis (editors) "Greek Research in Australia: Proceedings of the Sixth Biennial International Conference of Greek Studies, Flinders University June 2005", Flinders University Department of Languages - Modern Greek: Adelaide, 2007, p. 439-448.

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