Alois Vojtěch Šembera, also Alois Adalbert Sembera or Alois Adalbert Schembera (March 21, 1807 – March 23, 1882) was a Czech linguist, historian of literature, writer, journalist and patriot.
He was born in Vysoké Mýto, Bohemia, Austrian Empire. During 1819–1826 he studied at the gymnasium in Litomyšl, during 1826/27 philology at the Charles University in Prague and then law at the same university (1827–1830).
Between 1830 and 1839 he worked as municipal lawyer in Brno (Moravia) and gave there private lessons to the children of local nobility. During 1839–1847 he taught Czech language and literature at the University of Olomouc. Between 1847 and 1849 Šembera supervised the Moravian provincial archive. During years of 1848/49 he was an editor of Moravské noviny ("Moravian Newspaper"). In 1849 he was named professor of Czech language and literature at a University of Vienna.
Šembera was an active participant of the Czech National Revival. In 1839 he asserted to use Czech names for the streets in Brno, later in Olomouc, encouraged use of the Czech language and preservation of historical landmarks in the country. He initially believed in authenticity of manuscripts of Dvůr Králové and of Zelená Hora but later turned against them being rewarded by enmity of Czech nationalists.
Šembera died in Vienna, Austria-Hungary, on March 23, 1882.