Almeida Theatre Explained

Almeida Theatre
Location:	Islington London, United Kingdom
Designation:	Grade II listed
Coordinates:	51.5395°N -0.1032°W
Architect:	Roumieu and Gough
Owner:	Almeida Theatre trust
Capacity:	325, over two levels
Type:	Producing house
Opened:	1833 (as reading rooms)
Rebuilt:	1982 (as theatre) 2000
Othernames:	1833: Islington Literary and Scientific Society 1875: Wellington Club
Production:	Short seasons
Website:	almeida.co.uk

The Almeida Theatre is a 325-seat producing house located on Almeida Street off Upper Street in the London Borough of Islington. The theatre opened in 1980, and produces a diverse range of drama. Successful plays are often transferred to West End theatres.

Building

The building that now houses the theatre was originally constructed in 1837 for the newly formed Islington Literary and Scientific Society. It included a library, reading room, museum, laboratory, and a lecture theatre seating 500.^[1] The architects were the fashionable partnership of Robert Lewis Roumieu and Alexander Dick Gough. The library was sold off in 1872 and the building was disposed of in 1874 to the Wellington Club (Almeida Street then being called Wellington Street) which occupied it until 1886. In 1885 the hall was used for concerts, balls, and public meetings. The Salvation Army bought the building in 1890, renaming it the Wellington Castle Barracks (Wellington Castle Citadel from 1902). To suit the building's new purpose, the front-facing lecture hall's tiered benches were replaced so that the congregation was seated in the conventional position, facing away from the front, and a balcony was added. The Salvationists remained there until 1955. For a few years from 1956 the building was a factory and showroom for Beck's British Carnival Novelties, then remained empty until in 1972 a campaign began to turn it into a theatre.

The building was Grade II listed by English Heritage in 1972. The current modified building retains the listing.

History

Foundation

The campaign to open the building as a theatre was led by the Lebanese-born opera and theatre director Pierre Audi, after he had acquired the derelict building in 1972.^[2] A public appeal was launched and in 1980, with the building renovated, the theatre opened with a festival of avant-garde music and performance, held both there and at other Islington venues, with Audi as the Artistic Director. Under Audi the theatre's reputation grew and its annual contemporary music festival became highly regarded.

1980s

The Almeida International Festival of Contemporary Music and Performance included concert presentations and productions of new and commissioned operas from Europe, Russia, North America, Japan, Argentina, and Morocco. Among the hundreds of composers, musicians and ensembles featured in frequent world and local premiere performances were Steve Reich, Philip Glass, Lou Harrison, Conlon Nancarrow, Morton Feldman, Elliott Carter, Virgil Thomson, Frederic Rzewski, Arvo Pärt, Alfred Schnittke, Wolfgang Rihm, Claude Vivier, Toru Takemitsu, Giacinto Scelsi, Michael Finnissy, Gerald Barry, Somei Satoh, Akio Suzuki, Takehisa Kosugi, Jo Kondo, Sylvano Bussotti, Luis de Pablo, Capricorn, Spectrum, Music Projects/London, Singcircle, the Arditti Quartet, and the London Sinfonietta.

Peter Greenaway's 1983 series of films for Channel 4 Four American Composers featured Almeida presentations of works by John Cage, Robert Ashley and Philip Glass. In 1985 Ástor Piazzolla, the renowned Argentine tango composer and bandoneón player, made a week-long appearance with his Quinteto Nuevo Tango. For several years, the American pianist and composer Yvar Mikhashoff conceived and co-ordinated concert programming, including At the Tomb of Charles Ives: A Celebration of American Experimental Music 1905-1985 which featured world and UK premieres of works by Cage, Nancarrow, Glass, Feldman, Harrison, Rzewski, Charles Ives, George Antheil, Henry Brant, Anthony Braxton, Carla Bley, Roger Reynolds, Charles Wuorinen, and Lukas Foss and two piano marathons he performed himself: The Great American Piano Marathon: 70 works from 70 years in 7 Hours and 50 Tangos - 50 Composers - A Tango Marathon: Selections from the International Tango Collection.^[3]

The Almeida housed a producing company which commissioned and staged several theatre works and operas and was a London "receiving house" for Fringe, avant-garde, regional and international theatre productions. Touring companies from the UK were regularly hosted, including Complicité, Shared Experience, Joint Stock, Cheek by Jowl and the Leicester Haymarket, alongside international guest companies from the Philippines, Tibet, Israel, Ireland and Czechoslovakia. Stage directors of Almeida Theatre Company productions included Pierre Audi, Ian McDiarmid, Yuri Lyubimov, Tim Albery, Mike Bradwell, David Hayman, and Jean Jourdheuil. Works by directors Robert Wilson, Robert Lepage, Phelim McDermott, Julia Bardsley, Deborah Warner, Simon McBurney, Annabel Arden and several others were featured in Almeida presentations.

Peter Brook's Bouffes du Nord company played there in 1982 (Brook's company had been one of Audi's original influences for the project). The 1985 Almeida Theatre Company production of The Possessed,^[4] a co-production with the Théâtre de l'Europe in Paris which also toured to the Piccolo Teatro in Milan and the Teatro Comunale di Bologna, was Russian director Yuri Lyubimov's first to originate in the West after he defected in 1983^[5] and featured music by Alfred Schnittke, design by Stefanos Lazaridis, and actors Nigel Terry, Clive Merrison, Harriet Walter, and Michael Feast. Ronald Harwood's documentary drama, The Deliberate Death of a Polish Priest premiered at the Almeida in October 1985, an early example of a transcript of a trial of the political murderers of Father Jerzy Popiełuszko. In 1987, the Almeida also became home to Motley Theatre Design Course, under the directorship of Margaret Harris.

The Not the RSC Festival was presented at the Almeida in 1986 and 1987.

1990s

In 1990 the Scot Ian McDiarmid and the South African Jonathan Kent took over as joint artistic directors.

Work by major playwrights, old and new, British and foreign was staged and the theatre acquired an artistic reputation comparable to the leading theatres in central London. According to playwright David Hare, "it reinvented the European repertoire for London audiences and made British theatre more cosmopolitan and outward going".^[6] Organised as a non-profit producing theatre, its productions regularly played to packed houses and frequently (14 productions between 1990 and 2002) transferred to London's West End and to New York's Broadway.^[7]

In 1993 the theatre won the Laurence Olivier Award for Outstanding Achievement in an Affiliate Theatre.

One of the keys to the success and reputation of the Almeida during the 1990s were the stagings of various plays by Harold Pinter. These included revivals of Betrayal in 1991 and No Man's Land in 1992 and premières of Party Time in 1991 and Moonlight in 1993.

During their time at the theatre, McDiarmid and Kent were described by The Guardian as "[making] Islington a centre of enlightened internationalism";^[8] and, as they were about to leave their positions in 2002, Michael Billington, in same newspaper, summed up their achievements as threefold:

1999 to present

In November 1999, the Almeida was awarded £1.5 million by the Arts Council of England to undertake essential repairs to the theatre. The work began early in 2001 when the theatre was closed, and the company moved temporarily to a converted bus station at King's Cross.^[9] National Lottery backing of £5.8 million allowed for a complete restoration designed by Burrell Foley Fischer.^[10]

The restoration included rebuilding and extending the foyer, installing more comfortable seating and access, plus better backstage facilities with the stage area re-built for flexibility and strength, the roof improved and insulated, the lighting grid strengthened, complete re-wiring, and technical equipment updated.^[11] Michael Attenborough took over as artistic director in 2002 and, following the completion of its restoration, the theatre was re-opened in May 2003 with a production of Ibsen's The Lady from the Sea, directed by Trevor Nunn. The theatre's artistic remit was the presentation of bold and adventurous play choices staged to the highest possible standards, in productions which revealed them in a new light. This included classics from the British, American and Irish repertoire, foreign classics in newly commissioned versions, and new plays.^[12] In October 2012 Attenborough announced that he would step down early in 2013.^[13]

Rupert Goold was appointed Artistic Director in February 2013, taking up the post full-time in September 2013. His association with the Almeida Theatre Company began in 2008 when he directed Stephen Adly Guirgis' The Last Days of Judas Iscariot. In 2013 his Headlong theatre company co-produced the premiere of Lucy Kirkwood's Chimerica, directed by Lyndsey Turner, at the Almeida: the show subsequently transferred to the West End, winning five Olivier Awards in 2014. Goold's first Almeida production as full-time artistic director was the world premiere production of American Psycho: A new musical thriller (initially programmed by Michael Attenborough), which ran from 3 December 2013 to 1 February 2014. In 2014 he directed the premiere of Mike Bartlett's play King Charles III, which, following its sold-out run at the Almeida, transferred to Wyndham's Theatre and Broadway.

Almeida Projects

Almeida Projects is the Almeida Theatre's education and community programme.^[14] It was founded in its current form in 2003 by Rebecca Manson Jones, after Michael Attenborough's appointment as artistic director. Almeida Projects activity includes durational residencies with partner schools, a subsidised ticket scheme for school groups visiting the theatre, productions of new plays for young people inspired by the main programme, the Young Friends of the Almeida scheme, social networking Teachers' Evenings for local performing arts teachers and a training programme for workshop leaders.

Almeida Projects works closely with nine partner schools in Islington: Central Foundation Boys' School, Elizabeth Garrett Anderson School, Highbury Fields School, Highbury Grove School, Islington Arts and Media School, Mount Carmel Catholic College for Girls, The Bridge School and City and Islington College. The Young Friends of the Almeida Theatre scheme was established in May 2008 to enable local young people to take part in activities outside of school. It currently has over 700 members and includes the Young Friends of the Almeida Creative Board, composed of young people who take an active role in planning and promoting all Young Friends activities.

Digital Theatre

The Almeida was one of the launch theatres for Digital Theatre, a project which makes theatre productions available in video download form. The first performance that was filmed was 'Parlour Song'.^[15]

Artistic directors

• Pierre Audi, (1979 - 1989)^[16]
• Jonathan Kent and Ian McDiarmid, (1990 - 2002)
• Michael Attenborough, (2002 - 2013)
• Rupert Goold (2013 -)

Notable productions

1980s

• Interrogations by Yoshi Oida (1982)^[17]
• A Dybbuk for Two People, adapted by Bruce Myers (1982)
• L'Os (The Bone) by Birago Diop, Théâtre des Bouffes du Nord, directed by Peter Brook (1982)^[18]
• Cage at 70: a concert series featuring works by John Cage including Roaratorio based on Finnegans Wake by James Joyce, Almeida Festival (1982)^[19]
• Perfect Lives/Private Parts, television opera by Robert Ashley, Almeida Festival (1983)^{[20] [21] [22]}
• Four Saints in Three Acts, opera by Gertrude Stein and Virgil Thomson, Almeida Festival (1983)^{[23] [24]}
• Hedda Gabler, Almeida Theatre Company, directed by Tim Albery (1984)^[25]
• Mrs Gauguin by Helen Cooper, Almeida Theatre Company, directed by Mike Bradwell (1984)^[26]
• Melancholy Jacques written and directed by Jean Jourdheuil, Almeida Productions at the Edinburgh Festival/Traverse Theatre and the Bush Theatre featuring Simon Callow (1984)^[27]
• The Possessed, Almeida Theatre Company, directed by Yuri Lyubimov, music by Alfred Schnittke, designed by Stefanos Lazaridis (1985)^[4]
• At the Tomb of Charles Ives: A Celebration of American Experimental Music 1905-1985, Almeida Festival (1985)^[28]
• Kopernikus, opera by Claude Vivier, Almeida Festival, directed by Pierre Audi (1985)^[29]
• Man Equals Man by Bertolt Brecht, Almeida Theatre Company, directed by David Hayman (1985)^[30]
• Cupboard Man, a dereck, dereck Production, adapted for the stage by Julia Bardsley and Phelim McDermott from the short story by Ian McEwan (1985)^[31]
• King Lear, Kick Theatre Company, directed by Deborah Warner (1985)^[32]
• The Saxon Shore by David Rudkin, Almeida Theatre Company, directed by Pierre Audi (1986)
• Creditors by August Strindberg, Almeida Theatre Company, directed by Ian McDiarmid (1986)
• Coriolanus, Kick Theatre Company, directed by Deborah Warner (1986)^[33]
• The Story of the Eye and the Tooth, El-Hakawati Theatre Company, directed by François Abu Salem (1986)^[34]
• Milva Sings Brecht, song recital by Milva (1986)^[35]
• Gaudete, a dereck, dereck Production, adapted for the stage by Julia Bardsley and Phelim McDermott from the prose poem by Ted Hughes (1986)^[36]
• The Great Hunger by Tom MacIntyre from Patrick Kavanagh, Abbey Theatre, directed by Patrick Mason (1986)^[37]
• Not the RSC Festival (1986–87)
• Jakob Lenz, opera by Wolfgang Rihm, Almeida Opera, directed by Pierre Audi (1987)^[38]
• Hamletmachine by Heiner Mueller, directed by Robert Wilson (1987)^[39]
• The Tourist Guide by Botho Strauss, Almeida Theatre Company, directed by Pierre Audi featuring Tilda Swinton and Paul Freeman (1987)^[40]
• Théâtre de Complicité retrospective (1988–89)
• The Undivine Comedy, opera by Michael Finnissy, Almeida Opera (1988)^{[41] [42]}
• Golem, opera by John Casken, Almeida Opera, directed by Pierre Audi (1989)^[43]
• The Vinegar Works, a dereck, dereck Production, adapted for the stage by Julia Bardsley and Phelim McDermott from the illustrated books by Edward Gorey (1989)^[44]
• Polygraph by Robert Lepage and Marie Brassard (1989)^[45]
• Indigo, performed March 1989. Cast included Caroline Lee-Johnson, Hakeem Kae-Kazim, Dougray Scott and Brian Protheroe. Directed by Keith Boak.^[46]

1990s

• The Intelligence Park, opera by Gerald Barry, Almeida Opera, directed by David Fielding (1990)^[47]
• Europeras III and IV by John Cage, Almeida Festival (1990)
• Naked by Luigi Pirandello, directed by Jonathan Kent, starring Juliette Binoche (1998)

2000s

• Hedda Gabler by Henrik Ibsen, adapted and directed by Richard Eyre, starring Eve Best and Benedict Cumberbatch (2005)
• Stephen Dillane's Macbeth by William Shakespeare, directed by Travis Preston (2005-2010)
• Dying for It by Moira Buffini after Erdman, directed by Anna Mackmin (2007)
• Cloud Nine by Caryl Churchill, directed by Thea Sharrock, starring Tobias Menzies and Nicola Walker (2007)
• The Last Days of Judas Iscariot by Stephen Adly Guirgis, directed by Rupert Goold, co-production with Headlong (2008)
• Rosmersholm by Henrik Ibsen, adapted by Mike Poulton, directed by Anthony Page, starring Helen McCrory (2008)
• Waste by Harley Granville Barker, directed by Samuel West (2008)
• Parlour Song by Jez Butterworth, directed by Ian Rickson, starring Toby Jones (2009)
• When the Rain Stops Falling by Andrew Bovell, directed by Michael Attenborough (2009)
• Rope by Patrick Hamilton (produced in association with Sonia Friedman Production), directed by Roger Michell, starring Bertie Carvel and Phoebe Waller-Bridge (2009)

2010s

• Through a Glass Darkly by Ingmar Bergman, adapted by Jenny Worton, directed by Michael Attenborough (2010)
• The Master Builder by Henrik Ibsen in translation by Kenneth McLeish, directed by Travis Preston, starring Gemma Arterton, Stephen Dillane and John Light (2011)
• The Knot of the Heart by David Eldridge, directed by Michael Attenborough, starring Sophie Stanton (2011)
• My City written and directed by Stephen Poliakoff (2011)
• The House of Bernarda Alba by Federico García Lorca, adapted by Emily Mann, directed by Bijan Sheibani (2012)^[48]
• Children's Children by Matthew Dunster, directed by Jeremy Herrin (2012)
• Filumena by Eduardo De Filippo, adapted by Tanya Ronder, directed by Michael Attenborough (2012)
• King Lear by William Shakespeare, directed by Michael Attenborough, starring Jonathan Pryce (2012)
• Chimerica by Lucy Kirkwood, directed by Lyndsey Turner, starring Stephen Campbell Moore (2013)
• Little on the Inside by Alice Birch, directed by Lucy Morrison (2013)
• Ghosts by Henrik Ibsen, adapted and directed by Richard Eyre (2013)
• American Psycho: a new musical thriller, directed by Rupert Goold, starring Matt Smith (2013)
• 1984 by George Orwell, adapted by Duncan MacMillan and Robert Icke, directed by Robert Icke (2014)
• King Charles III by Mike Bartlett, directed by Rupert Goold, starring Tim Pigott-Smith (2014)
• Mr Burns: A Post-Electric Play by Anne Washburn, directed by Robert Icke (2014)
• Little Revolution by Alecky Blythe, directed by Joe Hill-Gibbins (2014)
• The Merchant of Venice by William Shakespeare, directed by Rupert Goold (2014)
• Game by Mike Bartlett, directed by Sacha Wares (2015)
• Carmen Disruption by Simon Stephens, directed by Michael Longhurst, starring Noma Dumezweni (2015)
• Oresteia by Aeschylus, adapted and directed by Robert Icke, starring Lia Williams and Jessica Brown Findlay (2015)
• Bakkhai by Euripides, directed by James MacDonald, starring Ben Whishaw (2015)
• Medea by Euripides, directed by Rupert Goold, starring Kate Fleetwood (2015)
• Uncle Vanya by Anton Chekhov, adapted and directed by Robert Icke, starring Jessica Brown Findlay and Tobias Menzies (2016)
• Richard III by William Shakespeare, directed by Rupert Goold, starring Ralph Fiennes and Vanessa Redgrave (2016)
• Oil by Ella Hickson, directed by Carrie Cracknell (2016)
• Mary Stuart by Friedrich Schiller, adapted and directed by Robert Icke, starring Juliet Stevenson and Lia Williams, music by Laura Marling (2016)
• Hamlet by William Shakespeare, directed by Robert Icke, starring Andrew Scott, Jessica Brown Findlay and Juliet Stevenson (2017) (successful production that transferred to West End's Harold Pinter Theatre)^[49]
• The Treatment by Martin Crimp, directed by Lyndsey Turner, starring Indira Varma, Julian Ovenden, Gary Beadle, Matthew Needham (2017)
• Ink by James Graham, directed by Rupert Goold, starring Bertie Carvel (2017)
• Against by Christopher Shinn, directed by Ian Rickson, starring Ben Whishaw (2017)
• Albion by Mike Bartlett, directed by Rupert Goold, starring Victoria Hamilton (2017)
• The Twilight Zone based on stories by Rod Serling, Charles Beaumont and Richard Matheson, adapted by Anne Washburn, directed by Richard Jones (2017)
• Summer and Smoke by Tennessee Williams, directed by Rebecca Frecknall, starring Patsy Ferran and Matthew Needham (2018)
• The Writer by Ella Hickson, directed by Blanche McIntyre, starring Romola Garai and Samuel West (2018)
• Machinal by Sophie Treadwell, directed by Natalie Abrahami, starring Emily Berrington and Denise Black (2018)
• Dance Nation by Clare Barron, directed by Bijan Sheibani, starring Brendan Cowell and Sarah Hadland (2018)
• The Wild Duck by Henrik Ibsen, directed by Robert Icke, starring Nicholas Farrell and Lyndsey Marshal (2018)
• The Tragedy of King Richard the Second by William Shakespeare, directed by Joe Hill-Gibbins, starring Simon Russell Beale and Leo Bill (2018)
• The Duchess of Malfi (2019)
• Shipwreck by Anne Washburn, directed by Rupert Goold (2019)^[50]

2020s

• The Tragedy of Macbeth by William Shakespeare, directed by Yael Farber, starring James McArdle and Saoirse Ronan (2022)^[51]
• Patriots by Peter Morgan, directed by Rupert Goold, starring Tom Hollander and Will Keen (2022) (Transferred to Noel Coward Theatre, West End and Ethel Barrymore Theater, Broadway)^[52]
• Tammy Faye by Elton John, Jake Shears, and James Graham, directed by Rupert Goold, starring Andrew Rannels and Katie Brayben (2022)^[53] (Transferred to Palace Theater, Broadway)
• A Streetcar Named Desire by Tennessee Williams, directed by Rebecca Frecknall, starring Patsy Ferran, Paul Mescal, and Anjana Vasan (2022) (Transferred to Phoenix Theatre, West End)^[54]
• The Secret Life of Bees by Lynn Nottage, Duncan Sheik, and Susan Birkenhead, based on the novel of the same name by Sue Monk Kidd, directed by Whitney White (2023)^[55]
• Romeo and Juliet by William Shakespeare, directed by Rebecca Frecknall, starring Toheeb Jimoh and Isis Hainsworth (2023)^[56]
• A Mirror by Sam Holcroft, directed by Jeremy Herrin, starring Jonny Lee Miller (2023)^[57] (Transferred to Trafalgar Theatre, West End)
• Portia Coughlan by Marina Carr, directed by Carrie Cracknell, starring Alison Oliver (2023)^[58]
• Cold War by Elvis Costello, Conor McPherson, based on the film of the same name by Paweł Pawlikowski, directed by Rupert Goold (2023)^[59]
• King Lear by William Shakespeare, directed by Yaël Farber, starring Danny Sapani (2024)^[60]

External links

• • Official Almeida Theatre website

Notes and References

1. Web site: Baker . T. F. T. . Islington Social and cultural activities . British History Online . University of London . 1985 . 2008-07-01. etal.
2. Web site: History of the Almeida Theatre . Almeida Theatre . 2008-07-01 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080216042401/http://www.almeida.co.uk/aboutus/historyofthealmeidatheatre.aspx . 2008-02-16 . dead.
3. News: Clements . Andrew . Panorama of American Music review – eclectic picks from intrepid recitalist Yvar Mikhashoff . 12 June 2020 . The Guardian . 19 June 2014.
4. Web site: Coveney. Michael. Yuri Lyubimov. The Guardian. 5 October 2014 . 16 May 2017.
5. News: Doder . Dusko . Leading Soviet Director Stripped of Citizenship . 12 June 2020 . The Washington Post . 27 July 1984.
6. News: Kellaway . Kate . Almeida: end of Act One . . 2002-01-27 . 2007-09-04 .
7. News: Gibbons . Fiachra . Celebrated double act quits Almeida theatre . . 2001-09-05 . 2007-09-05 . https://web.archive.org/web/20071015110407/http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk_news/story/0%2C%2C546925%2C00.html . 15 October 2007 . live .
8. News: Billington . Michael . The Players . The Guardian . 2002-07-06 .
9. News: Glancey . Jonathan . The Almeida in King's Cross . 9 July 2019 . The Guardian . 30 April 2001.
10. Web site: Islington's new-look Almeida theatre | Stage | The Guardian. 30 June 2020. . 5 May 2003 .
11. Web site: The Building . almeida.co.uk.
12. Book: Coveney . Michael . Michael Coveney . London theatres . September 2017 . 978-0711238619 . Almeida Theatre. Frances Lincoln Adult .
13. Web site: Michael Attenborough steps down at Almeida . 2012-10-11 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121102135442/http://www.whatsonstage.com/news/theatre/london/E8831349947935/Michael+Attenborough+steps+down+at+Almeida%2C+Spring+2013.html . 2012-11-02 . dead .
14. Web site: Almeida Projects at the Almeida Theatre London . 2010-01-25 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20101217173114/http://www.almeida.co.uk/education/ . 2010-12-17 .
15. Web site: Leading theatres launch downloadable shows . Official London Theatre Guide . 2010-02-15 .
16. Book: Cummings, David M. International Who's who in Music and Musicians' Directory. Routledge. London. 2000-06-13. 0-948875-53-4. 26.
17. Oida . Yoshi . Yoshi Oida successfully used techniques of the old Zen masters to provoke audience response . Performance Magazine . January–February 1982 . 15 . 12–14 . 13 June 2020.
18. Web site: Diop . Birago . L'Os by Birago Diop . BBC Sounds . 13 June 2020.
19. Montague. Stephen. John Cage at Seventy: An Interview. 3051637. American Music. 1985. 3. 2. 205–216. 10.2307/3051637.
20. Web site: Ashley . Robert . Artists . Lovely Music Ltd. . 11 June 2020.
21. Web site: FOUR AMERICAN COMPOSERS: ROBERT ASHLEY: PERFECT LIVES (PRIVACY RULES) (TV) . The Paley Center for Media . 12 June 2020.
22. Web site: Productions: Perfect Lives . Robert Ashley . 12 June 2020.
23. (Book: Bay-Cheng . Sarah . Mama Dada: Gertrude Stein's Avant-Garde Theatre . 1 June 2004 . Routledge . 9780203503027 . 160 . 11 June 2020.
24. Book: Mesa . Franklin . Opera: An Encyclopedia of World Premieres and Significant Performances, Singers, Composers, Librettists, Arias and Conductors, 1597-2000 . 2007 . McFarland a& Company, Inc. . 978-0-7864-7728-9 . 103 . 12 June 2020.
25. Web site: Hedda Gabler . IbsenStage . 12 June 2020.
26. News: Billington . Michael . The Michael Billington archive: highlights from five decades of reviews . 11 June 2020 . The Guardian . 20 December 2019.
27. Book: Lichtenfels . Peter . "British Intersections With Paris" - Afterword in The Paris Jigsaw: Internationalism and the City's Stages . 2002 . Manchester University Press . 978-0719061844 . 284 . 11 June 2020.
28. Hayes . Michael . Almeida Festival: Antheil, Vivier et al. . Tempo . September 1985 . New Series, No. 154 . 46–49 . 946360 .
29. Web site: Kopernikus. The Canadian Encyclopedia. 16 May 2017.
30. Web site: Man Equals Man by Bertolt Brecht . Photostage . 12 June 2020.
31. Web site: Svich . Caridad . Inviting the Audience . hotreview.org . 11 June 2020.
32. Web site: King Lear . Deborah Warner . 11 June 2020.
33. Web site: Coriolanus, 1986 . Deborah Warner . 12 June 2020.
34. News . Banipal Magazine of Modern Arab Literature . 10 May 2011 . 16 June 2020.
35. News: Multitalent Milva wird 75 . 12 June 2020 . Nordwest Zeitung . 7 December 2014.
36. Book: McDermott . Phelim . Physical Theatres: A Critical Reader (Essay 5) . 2007 . Routledge . 201 . 978-0-415-36251-1 . 12 June 2020.
37. Book: Sweeney . B. . Performing the Body in Irish Theatre . 14 February 2008 . Springer . 50–60 . 978-1-349-54607-7 . 10.1057/9780230582057 . 12 June 2020.
38. News: Clements . Andrew . Jakob Lenz - Review . 12 June 2020 . The Guardian . 18 April 2012.
39. Web site: Hamletmachine . Robert Wilson . 11 June 2020.
40. News: The Resistable[sic] Rise of Arturo Ui (Queens Theatre) and The Tourist Guide (Almeida Theatre) ]. 11 June 2020 . The Spectator . 18 April 1987.
41. Book: Griffel . Margaret Ross . Operas in English: A Dictionary . 21 December 2012 . Scarecrow Press . 978-0-8108-8272-0 . 516 . 12 June 2020.
42. Clements . Andrew . Finnissy's Undivine Comedy . 1988 . 1745 . The Musical Times . 129 . 330–332 . 10.2307/964740 . 964740 .
43. Web site: Golem . Grove Music Online . oxfordmusiconline.org . 12 June 2020.
44. Web site: Performance . Julia Bardsley . 12 June 2020.
45. Web site: Polygraph . bizbooks . 12 June 2020.
46. News: Shulman . Milton . Hell afloat . 30 May 2022 . Newspapers.com . Evening Standard . 13 Mar 1989 . 34 . en.
47. News: Dervan . Michael . The Intelligence Park . 12 June 2020 . The Irish Times . 31 May 2011.
48. News: The House of Bernarda Alba. Almeida Theatre. 2017-07-21. en.
49. News: Hamlet review – an all-consuming marvel - 5 out of 5 stars . Kate . Kellaway . Kate Kellaway . . 2017-06-25 . 2020-11-04.
50. Web site: Shipwreck review – vital political drama takes Trump seriously | Theatre | The Guardian. 9 January 2021. . 20 February 2019 .
51. Web site: Almeida Theatre. 21 May 2022. 21 May 2023 .
52. Web site: Patriots . 2023-06-18 . Almeida Theatre . en-US.
53. Web site: Tammy Faye . 2023-06-06 . Almeida Theatre . en-US.
54. Web site: A Streetcar Named Desire West End Almeida Theatre, London . 2023-06-06 . Almeida Theatre . en-US.
55. Web site: The Secret Life of Bees Almeida Theatre, London . 2023-06-06 . Almeida Theatre . en-US.
56. Web site: Romeo and Juliet . 2023-06-07 . Almeida Theatre . en-US.
57. Web site: A Mirror . 2023-08-27 . Almeida Theatre . en-US.
58. Web site: Portia Coughlan . 2023-10-17 . Almeida Theatre . en-US.
59. Web site: Cold War . 2023-10-17 . Almeida Theatre . en-US.
60. Web site: King Lear . 2023-10-17 . Almeida Theatre . en-US.