Allotoca Explained

Allotoca is a genus of splitfins that are endemic to west-central and southwest Mexico, where restricted to the Lerna–Chapala–Grande de Santiago, Ameca and Balsas river basins, as well as various endorheic lake basins in Michoacán and Jalisco (Pátzcuaro, Zirahuén, Cuitzeo, Magdalena and others).^{[1] [2] [3]} All Allotoca species are seriously threatened.^[3]

The largest Allotoca is up to long, but most species only reach between half and three-quarter that size.

Unusually, A. catarinae is probably the result of an ancient translocation by humans in the pre-Columbian era (similar ancient human-assisted translocations are known from certain birds in Mexico). The translocation happened at least 700 years ago and most likely about 1900 years ago. The ancestral species then evolved into A. catarinae at its new isolated location in the Cupatitzio River, a tributary of the Balsas River.^[1]

Species

FishBase recognizes eight species in this genus, but their taxonomy is complex and in need of a review.^[1] One of the species recognized by FishBase, A. regalis, is distinctive and sometimes placed in its own genus Neoophorus.^{[2] [4]}

• Allotoca catarinae (F. de Buen, 1942) (Catarina allotoca)
• Allotoca diazi (Meek, 1902) (Patzcuaro allotoca)
• Allotoca dugesii (T. H. Bean, 1887) (Opal allotoca)
• Allotoca goslinei M. L. Smith & R. R. Miller, 1987 (Banded allotoca)
• Allotoca maculata M. L. Smith & R. R. Miller, 1980 (Blackspot alotoca)
• Allotoca meeki (Álvarez, 1959) (Zirahuen allotoca)
• Allotoca regalis (Álvarez, 1959) (Balsas allotoca)
• Allotoca zacapuensis M. K. Meyer, Radda & Domínguez-Domínguez, 2001 (Zacapu allotoca)

Notes and References

1. Corona-Santiago, D.K. . I. Doadrio. O. Domínguez-Domínguez . 2015 . Evolutionary History of the Live-Bearing Endemic Allotoca diazi Species Complex (Actinopterygii, Goodeinae): Evidence of Founder Effect Events in the Mexican Pre-Hispanic Period . PLOS ONE. 10 . 5 . e0124138 . 10.1371/journal.pone.0124138 . 25946217. 4422623 . 2015PLoSO..1024138C. free.
2. Meyer, K.M. . A.C. Radda . O.D. Domínguez . 2001 . Notes on the genera Neoophorus Hubbs & Turner, 1937 and Allotoca Hubbs & Turner, 1937, with a description of a new species of Allotoca from Laguna de Zacapu, Michoacán, Mexico (Teleostei, Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) . Annalen des Naturhistorischen Museums in Wien. Serie B für Botanik und Zoologie . 103 . B . 453–460 .
3. Book: Ceballos, G. . E.D. Pardo . L.M. Estévez . H.E. Pérez . 2016 . Los peces dulceacuícolas de México en peligro de extinción . 290–300, 438 . 978-607-16-4087-1 .
4. Web site: Taxonomy and Phylogeny . Goodeid Working Group . 24 September 2018 .