Allied (film) explained

Allied
Director:Robert Zemeckis
Music:Alan Silvestri
Cinematography:Don Burgess
Distributor:Paramount Pictures
Runtime:124 minutes[1]
Budget:$85–113 million[2]
Gross:$119.5 million[3]

Allied is a 2016 romantic war drama thriller film directed by Robert Zemeckis and written by Steven Knight. It stars Brad Pitt as a Canadian intelligence officer and Marion Cotillard as a French Resistance fighter who fall in love while posing as a married couple during a mission in Casablanca in 1942. Jared Harris, Simon McBurney and Lizzy Caplan also star.

Knight developed the script from a story told to him when he was 21. Principal photography began in February 2016 in London and continued in May 2016 in the Canary Islands, used to stand in for Morocco. Joanna Johnston designed the film's costumes, matching them to the characters' mindsets and situations.

The film premiered in Los Angeles on November 9, 2016, and was released in the United States on November 23, 2016, by Paramount Pictures. It received mixed reviews from critics, with praise for its costume design, cinematography, and musical score, but saw criticism for its screenplay and the lack of chemistry between the leads. It grossed $40.1 million domestic and $119 million worldwide against an approximate $85–113 million budget, becoming regarded as a box office flop. At the 89th Academy Awards it was nominated for Best Costume Design.

Plot

In 1942 during World War II, Wing Commander Max Vatan, a Royal Canadian Air Force pilot with intelligence duties, travels to Casablanca in Morocco to assassinate a German ambassador. He is partnered with a French Resistance fighter, Marianne Beauséjour, who escaped from France after her resistance group was compromised and killed.

They pose as a married couple and grow close, despite agreeing that in their line of work feelings can get people killed. Marianne, who is trusted by the Germans, secures Max an invitation to the party where they plan to conduct the assassination. On the day itself, they have sex inside a car in the middle of a desert sandstorm, knowing they might not survive. However, the mission is successful and they escape. Max asks Marianne to come with him to London and be his wife. They marry, settle down in Hampstead, and have a baby girl they name Anna, born during a German air raid while Marianne was in labour.

A year later in 1944, Max learns from the Special Operations Executive that Marianne is suspected of being a German spy, having adopted her identity after the real Marianne was killed in France, and that the German ambassador they assassinated was a dissident Hitler wanted dead. To test their suspicions, the SOE runs a "blue dye" operation: Max is ordered to write down a piece of false intelligence at home, where Marianne can find it. If the information is picked up from intercepted German transmissions, Max must personally execute her, and if he is found to be an accomplice he will be hanged for high treason. He is told to otherwise act normally and not conduct his own investigation.

Defiant, Max visits Guy Sangster, a former colleague who knew Marianne; however, Sangster, blinded in the war, cannot confirm her identity. He reveals that resistance fighter Paul Delamare, who worked with Marianne in France, is still alive in Dieppe and could identify her. Max finds a young pilot, Adam Hunter, gives him a photograph with a "classified" note—asking if the woman in the photo is Marianne Beauséjour—and instructs him to obtain a "yes" or "no" answer from Delamare.

Max and Marianne host a house party. His commanding officer, Frank Heslop, comes and tells him that Hunter was killed while waiting on the ground for the answer from Delamare and berates him for his insubordination. Max wonders if what he was told about Marianne is a test of his loyalty as part of a promotion to V-Section.

The next evening, Max takes the place of a Lysander pilot and flies to France to meet Delamare, who is being held at the local police station. Max and the local resistance break into the town's jail, but Delamare is drunk and unconvincingly verifies the picture. The delay gives the French police officer room to alert the Germans, whom Max and the resistance manage to defeat. Prior to leaving, Delamare tells Max that Marianne was a talented pianist who had once played La Marseillaise in a café in defiance of the occupying Germans in the early stages of the war.

Back in England, Max takes Marianne to a local pub and demands she play the piano. She cannot. She admits she is a spy and forwarded the "blue dye" message, which Max left in plain view. She insists her feelings for Max are genuine, and that she was forced back into being a spy because German agents were threatening Anna.

Max, unwilling to kill her, tells her they must flee the country. He kills Marianne's German handlers, a nanny and a jeweller. They drive to a local airbase, but Max cannot get the plane to start before Heslop and the military police arrive. He tries to plead his case before the officers, but Marianne tells him that she loves him, asks him to take care of Anna, then shoots herself. Heslop orders the soldiers present to report that Max executed Marianne as per his orders, so that Max will not be punished. After the war, Max moves to a ranch in Alberta to raise Anna.

Production

Development and pre-production

In February 2015, it was announced that Robert Zemeckis was set to direct the film, then only known as an untitled World War II romantic thriller, in which Brad Pitt would star.[4] Steven Knight wrote the original screenplay. It had been a story he had first heard when he was 21 and had travelled with his girlfriend to Texas to visit her family. Her aunt told him the story of how her brother had fallen for a French woman who would become pregnant with his child and how he brought her to the United States where she gave birth. It was discovered she was a German spy, and, on orders from his superiors, the brother killed her.[5] Knight had desired to make it into a film since that point. While researching for the film, he was never able to find any reference to the story, but did not rule out its accuracy.[6] He shared the story with Pitt, and from there the production began developing.[7] [8] In June 2015, Marion Cotillard was cast to play a spy along with Pitt, who fall in love during a mission to kill a German official.[9] Alan Silvestri, who has served frequently as composer for Zemeckis's films, was hired in October.[10] In January 2016, Jared Harris joined the film,[11] with Lizzy Caplan cast in March.[12]

Filming

Principal photography on the film began in February 2016 in London, with the family home located on the corners of Christchurch Hill and Willow Road in Hampstead.[13] Southwark was also used for filming, particularly at Pullens Yard.[14] To keep within budget, many of the film's scenes were shot in a former Gillette factory as, according to VFX supervisor Kevin Baillie, most of the remaining studio space had been occupied by bigger Star Wars and Marvel films. Production designer Gary Freeman coordinated a construction schedule that allowed for space used for filming a hospital courtyard scene to be redesigned for scenes involving a Soho pub within the span of two days. Studio space at Elstree Studios and LH2 Studios were also utilized for the London shoot.[15] Cinematographer Don Burgess stated that all of the more complex scenes for the film were mapped out prior to filming using a style of virtual cinematography, a technique they had used for 2004's The Polar Express. Burgess and Zemeckis elected to break the film down into six specific visual appearances to match the changing tone and settings for the film.[16] In May 2016 scenes set in Casablanca were shot in Gran Canaria, Canary Islands.[17] Freeman stated that filming in the Canary Islands happened as finding locations in Morocco proved a challenge due to the architecture of cities like Casablanca and Tangiers changing significantly since the time period the film is set in.[18] The airfield scenes were shot at RAF Halton that was decorated to look like RAF Hendon during World War II.[19]

For when his character spoke French in the film, Pitt worked with Cotillard to help develop his accent.[20] Cotillard took firearm training for the film, but was never fully comfortable holding the weapon. Filming of the assassination scene was interrupted when Cotillard "freaked out" while handling the weapon. To help with her discomfort, Zemeckis instructed her to put the lock on the machine gun she would use.[21]

Costume design

Designer and frequent Zemeckis collaborator Joanna Johnston provided the costume design on the film, and was given free rein by Zemeckis on the designs.[22] Due to the quick process of the pre-production, little more than two weeks were available to Johnston for research. She described in an interview that she sought to give the costumes a polished, glossy look. For influence, Johnston paid visits to the Imperial War Museum in London, a practice she had also done when working on other war set films such as Saving Private Ryan, Valkyrie and War Horse; looked at the wardrobes of Golden Age actresses Lauren Bacall, Barbara Stanwyck and Katharine Hepburn, as well as the wardrobes utilized in the films Casablanca and Now, Voyager.[23] [24] [25] Johnston shaped the style of the costumes around the characters, and particular focus was on Marianne, whose clothing altered with the development of the plot. "I wanted her to look very assured in the first part of the film, in Casablanca.", said Johnston, "I looked at a lot of French style and fashion plates from the time, and I made her look very clean and graphic. When she goes to London, she takes on a mantle of being a mother and wife, so I put her in warmer tones. But you never really know who she is."[26]

All of the outfits in the film were custom-made for the cast. The silver cross, worn by Brad Pitt in the film, was also custom-made by London-based jeweller Stephen Einhorn.[27] Several versions of the costumes were made, with eight versions of a long green dress worn by Cotillard in the film being specifically noted.[28]

Music

See main article: Allied (soundtrack).

Release

The film had its worldwide premiere on November 9, 2016, at the Regency Village Theatre in Los Angeles.[29] Paramount Pictures released the film on Wednesday, November 23, 2016.[30]

Home media

Allied was released on Digital HD on February 14, 2017,[31] and on Blu-ray and DVD on February 28, 2017.[32] [33]

Reception

Box office

Allied grossed $40.1 million in the United States and Canada and $79.4 million in other countries for a worldwide total of $119.5 million, against a net production budget of $85 million.[3] The Hollywood Reporter estimated the film lost the studio $75–90 million, when factoring together all expenses and revenues, and was listed amongst the year's box office flops.[34]

Allied opened alongside Moana, Rules Don't Apply and Bad Santa 2 as well as the wide expansion of Loving and was expected to gross around $15 million in its opening weekend and $20–25 million over its first five days from 3,160 theaters.[35] [36] The film ended up grossing $12.7 million in its opening weekend (a five-day total of $17.7 million), finishing 4th at the box office.[37] It remained in fourth place in its second weekend with a gross of $7 million.[38]

Critical response

The review aggregate site Rotten Tomatoes gives the film an approval rating of 60% based on 258 reviews, and a weighted average of 6.20/10. The site's consensus states: "Allied has its moments, but doesn't quite achieve epic wartime romance status—a disappointment made more profound by the dazzling talent assembled on either side of the camera."[39] Metacritic reports a normalized score of 60 out of 100, based on 44 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews".[40] Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale, while PostTrak reported filmgoers gave a 79% overall positive score and a 56% "definite recommend".[37]

Stephanie Zacharek of Time stated that "Even within this highly synthetic world, Pitt and Cotillard give sturdy, coded performances that feel naturalistic, not phony: They understand clearly that their chief mission is to tap the tradition of melodrama, and they take it seriously. Somehow, almost incomprehensibly, it all works. Allied looks old but smells new, and the scent is heady."[41] Eric Eisenberg from CinemaBlend gave the film four out of five, praising the performances of Pitt and Cotillard and stating they "prove again why they're two of the best in the business."[42] Rex Reed from The New York Observer gave the film four out of four, writing: "Beautiful, bold and blazing with sex and suspense, Allied is a gorgeously photographed, intensely romantic, action-packed film by the great director Robert Zemeckis with two titanic star performances by Brad Pitt and Marion Cotillard that delivers something for everyone."[43] At Deadline Hollywood, Pete Hammond, in addition to praising the performances, screenplay and direction, gave praise to Alan Silvestri's score, citing it as one of his best works.[44] For RogerEbert.com, Peter Sobcynzki gave the film 4 stars, highlighting the music from Alan Silvestri, the cinematography from Don Burgess and the costume design from Joanna Johnston. In his summary he wrote, "It is a lovely homage to the kind of entertainment that Hollywood used to put out in the day without breaking a sweat, while still strong and sure enough to work on viewers who have never seen any of the films to which it pays tribute."[45]

Conversely, The Pittsburgh Post-Gazettes Gary Rotstein wrote that notwithstanding "so many shared plot references [to] Casablanca", while that film is "among the greatest films of all time ... the other is about as flat as one of those WWII wall maps on which swastikas denote all the German-occupied parts of Europe".[46] Peter Bradshaw, in his 2 star review for The Guardian, cited the film as "arduous" and the script as "an unconvincing and sluggish pastiche of a war movie". He would also write critically of Pitt and Cotillard's chemistry, comparing them to "thesp robots from Westworld with some kind of Google Translate chip implanted in their heads".[47] David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter was also critical of Pitt and Cotillard's chemistry, stating "neither Pitt nor Cotillard is terribly persuasive at conveying the smoldering passions that catch Max and Marianne off guard after their initially circumspect interactions". This would tie into his criticisms of Knight's screenplay, which he referred to as "flaccid".[48] Oliver Lyttleton of The Playlist shared similar sentiments about the script, finding any aspect of Knight's script that appeared to focus on the characters and deceit of the situation to be "constantly undermined by the actual execution". Lyttleton would also be critical of the visual effects and the third act of the film, drawing a comparison of "malevolently" splicing scenes of Michael Bay's Pearl Harbor into Alfred Hitchcock's Notorious.[49] Robert Abele of TheWrap thought about the screenplay "Screenwriter Knight fumbles with the plot’s emotional impulses and ticking plot requirements, with neither holding ground long enough to give the movie momentum." Abele was also critical of the lead performances and their chemistry, referring to Pitt as "miscast" and finding Cotillard ill-fitting for her role.[50]

Accolades

+ style="background: LightSteelBlue;" List of awards and nominations
AwardDate of ceremonyCategoryRecipientsResult
Academy AwardsFebruary 26, 2017Best Costume DesignJoanna Johnston[51]
British Academy Film AwardsFebruary 12, 2017Best Costume Design[52]
Critics' Choice Movie AwardsDecember 11, 2016Best Costume Design[53]
Jupiter AwardsMarch 29, 2017Best International ActorBrad Pitt[54]
Satellite AwardsFebruary 19, 2017Best Art Direction and Production DesignGary Freeman[55]
Best SoundAllied
Saturn AwardsJune 28, 2017Best Action or Adventure Film[56]
Visual Effects Society AwardsFebruary 7, 2017Outstanding Supporting Visual Effects in a Photoreal FeatureKevin Baillie, Brennan Doyle, Viktor Muller, Sandra Scott and Richard Van Den Bergh[57]
December 19, 2016Best Screen CoupleAllied[58]
Best Equality of the Sexes

Notes and References

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  2. Film L.A.. 2016 Feature Film Study. FilmL.A. Feature Film Study. 23. May 23, 2017. June 29, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170731191957/https://www.filmla.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/2016_film_study_WEB.pdf. July 31, 2017. live.
  3. Web site: Allied (2016) . . . March 16, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170319105916/http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=pittcotillard.htm . March 19, 2017 . live .
  4. News: Hayden. Erik. Robert Zemeckis to Direct Brad Pitt Romantic Thriller. February 7, 2015. The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. February 6, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150207105826/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/robert-zemeckis-direct-brad-pitt-770867. February 7, 2015. live.
  5. Web site: Edwards . Shanee . Steven Knight's new film Allied, holds up a mirror to our own divided world . November 23, 2016 . Screenwriting Magazine . 21 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200421190344/https://screenwritingmagazine.com/2016/11/23/steven-knights-new-film-allied-holds-mirror-divided-world/ . April 21, 2020.
  6. Web site: Sauer . Patrick . How Accurate Is the Movie "Allied"? . . 21 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191227200824/https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-accurate-movie-allied-180961206/ . December 27, 2019 . live .
  7. News: Fleming. Mike Jr.. Brad Pitt & Robert Zemeckis Team On Steven Knight Script. February 7, 2015. Penske Business Media. Deadline Hollywood. February 6, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150206230901/http://deadline.com/2015/02/brad-pitt-robert-zemeckis-team-on-steven-knight-script-1201367746/. February 6, 2015. live.
  8. Web site: Radish . Christina . Screenwriter Steven Knight on 'Allied', and Why Snoop Dogg Loves 'Peaky Blinders' . November 23, 2016 . . 20 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200107234930/https://collider.com/steven-knight-allied-interview/ . January 7, 2020 . live .
  9. Web site: Sneider. Jeff. Brad Pitt, Marion Cotillard to Play Spies and Lovers in Robert Zemeckis' WWII Movie. October 25, 2015. TheWrap. June 8, 2015. https://web.archive.org/web/20150912124004/http://www.thewrap.com/brad-pitt-marion-cotillard-to-play-spies-and-lovers-in-robert-zemeckis-wwii-movie/. September 12, 2015. live.
  10. News: Alan Silvestri to Score Robert Zemeckis' Untitled World War II Spy Drama. October 25, 2015. Film Music Reporter. October 21, 2015. filmmusicreporter. https://web.archive.org/web/20151025003708/http://filmmusicreporter.com/2015/10/21/alan-silvestri-to-score-robert-zemeckis-untitled-world-war-ii-spy-drama. October 25, 2015. live.
  11. News: Galuppo. Mia. Jared Harris Joins Brad Pitt in Robert Zemeckis' Spy Thriller. April 1, 2016. The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. January 28, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160415013044/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/jared-harris-joins-brad-pitt-860172. April 15, 2016. live.
  12. News: Kroll. Justin. Lizzy Caplan Joins Brad Pitt in Robert Zemeckis' Next Movie. April 1, 2016. Variety. Penske Business Media. March 8, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170818214520/http://variety.com/2016/film/news/lizzy-caplan-robert-zemeckis-brad-pitt-1201725703/. August 18, 2017. live.
  13. News: Evry. Max. Five Seconds of Silence Set Photos with Brad Pitt & Marion Cotillard. April 1, 2016. ComingSoon.net. CraveOnline Media. March 31, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160404013809/http://www.comingsoon.net/movies/news/672069-five-seconds-of-silence-set-photos-with-brad-pitt-marion-cotillard#/slide/1. April 4, 2016. live.
  14. Web site: Deehan . Tom . North-West London offers 1940s backdrop for Brad Pitt's Allied . The Location Guide . 20 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181117080203/http://www.thelocationguide.com/2016/11/north-west-london-offers-1940s-backdrop-for-brad-pitt%E2%80%99s-allied/ . November 17, 2018 . live .
  15. Web site: Giardina . Carolyn . 'Allied': How Robert Zemeckis' Team Crafted VFX for the World War II Thriller . November 28, 2016 . . 20 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20191107170816/https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/behind-screen/allied-how-robert-zemeckis-team-crafted-vfx-world-war-ii-thriller-950626 . November 7, 2019 . live .
  16. Web site: Goldman . Michael . Love and War . . 21 April 2020 . April 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210421154534/https://theasc.com/ac_magazine/December2016/Allied/page1.html . live .
  17. Web site: Brad Pitt To Film Allied Scenes In Gran Canaria . Gran Canaria Info . 20 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20200422013332/http://www.gran-canaria-info.com/en/news/brad-pitt-to-film-allied-scenes-in-gran-canaria . April 22, 2020 . live .
  18. Web site: Stamp . Elizabeth . Behind the Scenes of the New Brad Pitt Movie, Allied . November 22, 2016 . Architectural Digest . 20 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170809184436/http://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/allied-set-design-filming-locations . August 9, 2017 . live .
  19. Web site: Brad Pitt filming at RAF Halton. www.bucksherald.co.uk. en. 2019-09-02. https://web.archive.org/web/20190902224656/https://www.bucksherald.co.uk/news/offbeat/brad-pitt-filming-at-raf-halton-1-7353190. September 2, 2019. live.
  20. Web site: West . Rachel . Marion Cotillard On Filming 'Awkward' Sex Scene With Brad Pitt In 'Allied' . November 14, 2016 . . 20 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170601015729/http://etcanada.com/news/181235/marion-cotillard-on-filming-awkward-sex-scene-with-brad-pitt-in-allied/ . June 1, 2017 . dead .
  21. Web site: Kirkland . Bruce . Marion Cotillard praises Brad Pitt's French skills in 'Allied' . . 20 April 2020 . April 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210421154535/https://torontosun.com/2016/11/19/marion-cotillard-praises-brad-pitts-french-skills-in-allied/wcm/9bb0d9cd-ada8-4230-a843-bd835cb6cd1a . live .
  22. Web site: Kosin . Julie . How Brad Pitt & Marion Cotillard Captured the Golden Age of Hollywood in 'Allied' . December 2, 2016 . . 20 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170607051035/http://www.harpersbazaar.com/culture/film-tv/news/a19163/joanna-johnston-allied-costumes-interview/ . June 7, 2017 . live .
  23. Web site: 'Allied' Costume Designer Joanna Johnston On Delivering Polished, Glossy Look For Sweeping Old Hollywood Drama . December 20, 2016 . April 20, 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20190818191436/https://deadline.com/2016/12/allied-joanna-johnston-robert-zeckis-paramount-oscars-interview-1201869738/ . August 18, 2019 . live .
  24. Web site: Hyland . Véronique . Allied's Costume Designer on 1940s Glamour, the So-Called 'Hollywood Lift,' and Dressing Marion Cotillard and Brad Pitt . November 18, 2016 . . 22 April 2020 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181113172702/https://www.thecut.com/2016/11/allied-costume-designer-joanna-johnston-interview-marion-cotillard.html#_ga=2.48498022.1941783875.1587520140-1623089467.1587520140 . November 13, 2018 . live .
  25. Web site: Rosseinsky . Katie . How Allied's Costume Designer Gave Brad Pitt And Marion Cotillard The Old Hollywood Treatment . November 25, 2016 . . 22 April 2020 . April 21, 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210421154527/https://graziadaily.co.uk/fashion/news/allied-costumes-joanna-johnston-marion-cotillard/ . live .
  26. Web site: Baughan . Nikki . Why costume design is so important in 'Allied' . . 20 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200423003804/https://www.screendaily.com/features/why-costume-design-is-so-important-in-allied/5112408.article . April 23, 2020.
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  41. Review: With Allied, the Old-School Wartime Melodrama Enters the Modern Age. Zacharek. Stephanie. November 22, 2016. Time. April 19, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20171128023921/http://time.com/4577019/allied-movie-review/. November 28, 2017. live.
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  43. Web site: 'Allied' Is a Gorgeous, Sweeping World War II Thriller. Reed. Rex. November 21, 2016. The New York Observer. April 19, 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180412101359/http://observer.com/2016/11/allied-is-a-gorgeous-sweeping-world-war-ii-thriller/. April 12, 2018. live.
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  51. News: Oscar Nominations: Complete List . . . Variety Staff . January 24, 2017 . January 24, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170124150844/http://variety.com/2017/film/news/2017-oscar-nominations-academy-awards-nominees-1201968107/ . January 24, 2017 . live .
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  53. Web site: La La Land Leads with 12 Nominations for the 22nd Annual Critics' Choice Awards . . . December 1, 2016 . December 1, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170120065511/http://www.criticschoice.com/critics-choice-awards/ . January 20, 2017 . live .
  54. Web site: The Jupiter Awards 2017 . CINEMA Verlag . . December 26, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170120214522/http://www.jupiter-award.de/wahl/wer-waren-deine-favoriten-aus-kino-und-tv-im-letzten-jahr,8719370,ApplicationVoting.html . January 20, 2017 . dead .
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  56. Web site: Saturn Awards Nominations 2017: 'Rogue One,' 'Walking Dead' Lead . McNary . Dave . . . March 2, 2017 . March 3, 2017 . https://web.archive.org/web/20170303124219/http://variety.com/2017/film/awards/saturn-awards-nominations-2017-rogue-one-walking-dead-1202000833/ . March 3, 2017 . live .
  57. Web site: 'Rogue One' Leads Visual Effects Society Feature Competition With 7 Nominations As 'Doctor Strange,' 'Jungle Book' Grab 6 Each. The Hollywood Reporter. Prometheus Global Media. Carolyn. Giardina. January 10, 2016. January 10, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20170112174119/http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/rogue-one-leads-visual-effects-society-award-nominations-2017-full-list-962893/item/outstanding-visual-effects-a-student-project-962862. January 12, 2017. live.
  58. Web site: Women Film Critics Circle Nominations: "Hidden Figures," "13th," & More . Women And Hollywood . December 15, 2016 . December 14, 2016 . Berger . Laura . https://web.archive.org/web/20180111094758/https://blog.womenandhollywood.com/women-film-critics-circle-nominations-hidden-figures-13th-more-a62fcaa87784?gi=b42962878367#.idr3puzg1 . January 11, 2018 . live .

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