Murder of Allen R. Schindler Jr. explained

Allen R. Schindler Jr.
Birth Date:13 December 1969
Birth Place:Chicago Heights, Illinois, US
Death Place:Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan
Allegiance:United States
Branch:United States Navy
Rank:E4 Radioman 3rd Class

Allen R. Schindler Jr. (December 13, 1969 – October 27, 1992) was an American Radioman Petty Officer Third Class in the United States Navy who was murdered for being gay. He was killed in a public toilet in Sasebo, Nagasaki, Japan, by Terry M. Helvey, who acted with the aid of an accomplice, Charles E. Vins, in what Esquire called a "brutal murder".[1] [2] The case became synonymous with the debate concerning LGBT members of the military that had been brewing in the United States, culminating in the "Don't ask, don't tell" policy.[2]

Schindler's family was only able to identify him by the tattoos on his arms.[3] His killing remained front-page news throughout the spring of 1993.[4] The case was later featured in The New York Times and Esquire.[5] The events surrounding Schindler's murder were the subject of ABC's 20/20 episode and were portrayed in the 1997 TV film Any Mother's Son.[6] In 1998, Any Mother's Son won a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Made for TV Movie.[7]

Background

Allen R. Schindler Jr. was born on December 13, 1969, in Chicago Heights, Cook County, Illinois to Dorothy Hajdys, now known as Clausen or Hajdys-Clausen,[8] [9] and Allen Schindler Sr. His parents divorced when he was four years old. Schindler was the third of four children and brought up in the Christian faith.[10] He had two older sisters, Barbara and Kathy Eickhoff, and one younger half-sibling, William "Billy" Hajdys. Schindler came from a naval family; his grandfather served in World War II, and his stepfather survived the sinking of the USS Arizona at Pearl Harbor. Following in their footsteps, Schindler enlisted while in his junior year at Bloom High School.[11] He graduated from Camp Pendleton in November 1988.

Schindler served in the Navy for four years (1988–1992)[12] as a radioman on the USS San Jose, the USS Midway, and on the amphibious assault ship in Sasebo, Nagasaki, where he was serving at the time of his death.

According to several of his friends, Schindler had complained repeatedly of anti-gay harassment to his chain of command in March and April 1992, citing incidents such as the gluing-shut of his locker and frequent comments from shipmates such as "There's a faggot on this ship and he should die".[13] [14] Schindler's complaints continued to go unanswered. By September, he had reached his breaking point and requested to see the captain, but his request was denied.[15] While on transport from San Diego, California, to Sasebo, the USS Belleau Wood made a brief stop in Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Afterward, en route to Japan, Schindler broadcast an unauthorized statement "2-Q-T-2-B-S-T-R-8" (too cute to be straight) on secure lines reaching much of the Pacific Fleet.

On September 24, Schindler met with the Belleau Wood ship's executive officer. At the meeting and with the ship's chaplain present, Schindler formally declared he was gay and requested a transfer and discharge. Schindler also informed his commanding officer, Captain Douglas J. Bradt, and the ship's legal officer, Captain Bernard Meyer. He was told the processing of his discharge would take two weeks, but his superiors insisted he remain on his ship until the process was finished. Though he knew his safety was at risk, Schindler obeyed orders. The following day, Schindler was called to appear at captain's mast for the unauthorized radio message. He had requested that the hearing be closed for confidentiality, but Captain Bradt disregarded his request,[16] and it was open, with two hundred to three hundred people in attendance. Schindler made no open admission of his homosexuality at the mast. Some shipmates took it as an invitation to harass him with impunity.[17] Schindler's rank was reduced from RM1 to RM3, and he was placed on a thirty-day restriction aboard the ship. He was unable to leave the ship until a few weeks after arriving at Sasebo and four days before his death.

Murder

Airman Apprentice Terry M. Helvey, who was a member of the Belleau Wood ship's weather department (OA Division, Operations Department), stomped Schindler to death in a bathroom in a park in Sasebo, Nagasaki. A key witness, Belleau Wood shipmate Jonathan Witte,[18] saw Helvey repeatedly stomp on Schindler's body while singing. Witte then ran to retrieve Shore Patrolmen nearby, which startled Helvey and his accomplice, Charles E. Vins, into running from the bathroom. Witte returned with Shore Patrolmen in less than 30 seconds and saw Schindler lying on the floor, struggling to breathe through a mouthful of blood. Witte and Shore Patrolmen carried Schindler to the nearby Albuquerque Bridge where he died from his injuries.[2] Witte had met Schindler previously two days before his murder, but given the gravity of his injuries, he was unable to recognize Schindler. A second witness to the attack, Schindler's shipmate and friend Keith Sims, was also unable to recognize him.[19] [20]

Schindler had "at least four fatal injuries to the head, chest, and abdomen." He had eight broken ribs, his face and head were crushed, and the globes of his eyes were burst and ruptured.[21] His nose was broken; his upper jaw was broken; the whole middle portion of his face was detached and floating loosely. There were bruises and cuts on the surface of his neck, head, and chest; there were bruises on his brain, on his lungs, his heart. The pericardial sac around his heart was filled with 250 milliliters of blood, "enough to top off a juice glass." His liver had been turned to pulp "like a tomato smushed up inside its cover." The impact of blows to the chest had torn his aorta, with "a blunt force exceeding a 20 G force."[22] His bladder had been ripped open, his penis had been bruised and lacerated, and he had "sneaker-tread marks stamped on his forehead and chest", destroying "every organ in his body",[23] leaving behind a "nearly unrecognizable corpse."[24] Jonathan Witte was asked to explain in detail to the military court what the crime scene looked like, but he refused, as Schindler's mother and sister were present in the courtroom. Navy Commander Edward Kilbane, the medical examiner who conducted the autopsy on Schindler's body, compared Schindler's injuries to those sustained by a victim of a fatal horse trampling, saying they were worse "than the damage to a person who'd been stomped by a horse; they were similar to what might be sustained in a high-speed car crash or a low-speed aircraft accident." After reading Schindler's medical report, Hajdys-Clausen said that "just about everything was damaged except his heart."[25]

Details revealed

The Navy was less than forthcoming about the details of the killing, both to the news media and to the victim's family, especially his mother, Dorothy Hajdys-Clausen.[26] Navy officials failed to include his belongings: the log book Schindler kept of his time on board, and his record of harassment he was receiving on the advice of friends.

In the wake of Schindler's murder, the Navy denied that it had received any complaints of harassment and refused to speak publicly about the case or to release the Japanese police report on the murder.[13]

Several Belleau Wood shipmates reported receiving harassment before and after Schindler's death.[27] [28] [29] Keith Sims stated that he had reported Helvey and Vins to the ship's legal officer, Captain Bernard Meyer, but nothing was done in response.[30] In the 2018 TV documentary crime series, The 1990s: The Deadliest Decade, Jonathan Witte stated that he had been personally threatened by Captain Bradt and the Belleau Wood executive officer.[31]

The Navy dismissed its failure to inform Hajdys-Clausen of Vin's court martial as "a bureaucratic screw-up."[32] With the help of veteran LGBTQ rights activists Michael Petrelis and Miriam Ben-Shalom,[33] [34] [35] Hajdys-Clausen took Schindler's case to the public.[36] [37] In 2015, after 23 years of repeated Freedom of Information Act requests from Petrelis, the Navy released a conclusive 900-page report admitting Schindler was harassed.[38] "Allen Schindler was destined to become yet another gay man killed and forgotten," Petrelis stated. "Now, 23 years after his death, we finally share the full details of his murder. In doing so, we honor his memory on Veterans Day 2015. People must know the role that governmental homophobia played in his murder and the subsequent cover-up."[39]

On November 7, 1992, a wake was held for Schindler in his hometown of Chicago Heights, Illinois. Schindler was buried with full military honors. The day before, when Schindler's family was called down to the funeral home, his mother requested that his coffin be opened after the Navy advised against it.[40] "There was a sailor in dress blues ... but it looked nothing like the boy I'd kissed goodbye two months earlier," Hajdys-Clausen said.[41] [42] At the wake, Schindler's sister Kathy asked that the coffin be opened again. They could only identify him by the tattoos on his arms, as his face was so disfigured.[43]

Trial and outcomes

During the trial, Helvey denied that he killed Schindler because he was gay, stating, "I did not attack him because he was homosexual", but evidence presented by Navy investigator Kennon F. Privette from the interrogation of Helvey the day after the murder showed otherwise. "He said he hated homosexuals. He was disgusted by them," Privette said. On killing Schindler, Privette quoted Helvey as saying: "I don't regret it. I'd do it again. ... He deserved it."[1] Helvey then told Privette he "always wondered what it would feel like to kill a man."[44] When Privette suggested he express some remorse, Helvey blamed the attack on Schindler on the Navy, saying: "I regret this incident happened and I feel like it could have been averted had homosexuals not been allowed in the military."[45]

To avoid a possible death sentence, Helvey pleaded guilty to unpremeditated murder, which carries a maximum sentence of life in prison.[46] [47] [48]

On May 27, 1993, Helvey was convicted of murder by a military court and given a dishonorable discharge.[49] [50] Douglas J. Bradt, the captain who kept the incident quiet, was transferred to shore duty in Florida. Helvey is serving a life sentence.[51] [52] By statute, Helvey is granted a clemency hearing every year and has been eligible for parole since 2002.[53] [54] Initially, he was imprisoned in the United States Disciplinary Barracks., he is housed at FCI Greenville in Illinois under the inmate number 13867-045.[55] Helvey's accomplice, Charles E. Vins, confessed to his part in the beating of Schindler,[56] admitting that he kicked Schindler once in the head and three times in the ribs while he was on the ground.[57] On November 23, 1992, Vins was allowed to plea bargain as guilty to the three lesser charges of failure to report a serious crime, concealing an offense, and resisting arrest. In exchange for testifying against Helvey, Vins was given a four-month sentence; he served a total of 78 days before receiving a general discharge from the Navy.

Legacy

The events surrounding Schindler's murder were the subject of a 20/20 episode and were portrayed in the 1997 TV film Any Mother's Son.[6] In 1998, Any Mother's Son won a GLAAD Media Award for Outstanding Made for TV Movie.[7]

Schindler's mother Dorothy Hajdys-Clausen became a gay rights activist after his murder. In 1992 she received the National Leather Association International's Jan Lyon Award for Regional or Local Work.[58] In April 1993 she marched in the March on Washington for Lesbian, Gay and Bi Equal Rights and Liberation,[59] [60] and on June 27, she led the Gay Pride Parade in Chicago.[61] [62] [63] In 2011, Hajdys-Clausen went to Washington, D.C., to celebrate the repeal of DADT.[64] "I'm so happy 'Don't Ask Don't Tell' got repealed." Dorothy said. "I just hope now there will be no more deaths like Allen Schindler's."[65]

Schindler's case was presented in the 2018 TV documentary crime series, The 1990s: The Deadliest Decade, season 1, episode 8, "Don't Ask Don't Tell." The episode, which aired on Jan. 7, 2019, on Investigation Discovery,[66] chronicled the events that led up to Schindler's murder and featured excerpts from Schindler's journal and autopsy report, as well as detailing Michael Petrelis' 900-page file on Schindler and Terry Helvey's written confession. Interviews were given by Schindler's mother, Dorothy Hajdys-Clausen, Petrelis, Jonathan Witte, and former reporter for the Stars and Stripes, Rick Rogers.

In 2020, U.S. Navy veteran Shon Washington honored Schindler on the 28th anniversary of his death in a viral social media post sharing his experiences as a gay Navy officer serving under DADT. Washington ended the post by thanking Schindler and his mother for impacting his life and helping repair his fraught relationship with his own mother.[67] [68]

Schindler is buried in Evergreen Hill Memory Gardens in Steger, Will County, Illinois. The date of death on Schindler's gravestone is marked October 28, 1992, in accordance to the doctor's pronouncement of death.

See also

External links

Notes and References

  1. .
  2. .
  3. .
  4. Web site: Highleyman . Liz . April 4, 2007 . Who was Allen Schindler? . https://web.archive.org/web/20230312211620/https://www.ebar.com/story.php?234385 . March 12, 2023 . March 12, 2023 . Bay Area Reporter . en-us.
  5. Web site: Brown . Chip . December 1, 1993 . The Accidental Martyr . https://web.archive.org/web/20240806190915/https://classic.esquire.com/article/19931201083/print . August 6, 2024 . March 11, 2023 . Esquire The Complete Archive . en-US.
  6. Web site: Any Mother's Son – About the Movie . . January 12, 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080126022232/http://www.mylifetime.com/on-tv/movies/any-mothers-son . January 26, 2008 . dead .
  7. Web site: GLAAD Awards Part I in NYC . . March 31, 1998 . February 12, 2002 . https://web.archive.org/web/20020201231248/http://www.planetout.com/news/article.html?1998%2F03%2F31%2F5 . February 1, 2002 . live .
  8. Web site: Tammye . Jr . Lou Chibbaro . March 11, 2022 . Parole denied for man who murdered gay sailor in 1992 . https://web.archive.org/web/20220313003052/https://dallasvoice.com/parole-denied-for-man-who-murdered-gay-sailor-in-1992/ . March 13, 2022 . 2022-10-27 . Dallas Voice . en-US.
  9. Web site: Manoukian . Marina . October 26, 2021 . The Tragic Murder Of Allen R. Schindler Jr. . https://web.archive.org/web/20230929102018/https://www.grunge.com/642440/the-tragic-murder-of-allen-r-schindler-jr/ . September 29, 2023 . October 27, 2022 . Grunge . en-US.
  10. Book: Sprinkle, Stephen V. . Unfinished Lives: Reviving the Memories of LGBTQ Hate Crimes Victims . January 20, 2011 . Wipf and Stock Publishers . 978-1-60899-811-1 . en.
  11. Web site: Lavin . Cheryl . December 21, 1992 . Strange Case of a Dead Sailor . https://web.archive.org/web/20231220040015/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-12-21-9204260153-story.html . December 20, 2023 . December 19, 2023 . Chicago Tribune.
  12. Web site: TogetherWeServed - RM3 Allen R. Schindler . https://web.archive.org/web/20231220040011/https://navy.togetherweserved.com/usn/servlet/tws.webapp.WebApp?cmd=SBVTimeLine&type=Person&ID=555291 . December 20, 2023 . December 19, 2023 . navy.togetherweserved.com.
  13. .
  14. Web site: Lavin . Cheryl . January 31, 1993 . Gay Sailor's Death Personalizes Debate . https://web.archive.org/web/20231220040014/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-01-31-9303174417-story.html . December 20, 2023 . December 20, 2023 . Chicago Tribune.
  15. Don't Ask Don't Tell . 1990s: The Deadliest Decade . Investigation Discovery . January 7, 2019 . 1 . 8 . He had requested to see the Captain, and they weren't gonna grant it to him, so being a radioman, he went out on the radio. .
  16. "Don't Ask Don't Tell". 2019. Event occurs at 00:31:55.
  17. "Don't Ask Don't Tell". 2019. Event occurs at 00:32:05.
  18. Book: Witte . Jonathan . Dark Liberty: Don't Ask, Don't Tell . Amazon . January 21, 2019.
  19. News: O'Connor . David . February 4, 1993 . How To Get Away With Murder Sailor Charges Navy is Botching Schindler Case . August 16, 2024 . Bay Area Reporter . 1, 15 . 23 . 5.
  20. Web site: Reza . H.G. . February 25, 1993 . Witness to Murder Says He Saw Five Sailors Beat Gay Shipmate . https://web.archive.org/web/20231220040010/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-02-25-mn-755-story.html . December 20, 2023 . December 19, 2023 . Los Angeles Times . en-US.
  21. [#CITEREFSprinkle2011|Sprinkle 2011]
  22. "Don't Ask Don't Tell". 2019. Event occurs at 00:39:21
  23. .
  24. .
  25. Web site: Newsweek Staff . January 31, 1993 . A Grisly Murder Mystery . https://web.archive.org/web/20231220040010/https://www.newsweek.com/grisly-murder-mystery-192020 . December 20, 2023 . December 19, 2023 . Newsweek . en.
  26. .
  27. News: March 8, 1993 . Gay Sailor Tells of a 'Living Hell' . https://web.archive.org/web/20231220040010/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/08/us/gay-sailor-tells-of-a-living-hell.html . December 20, 2023 . December 20, 2023 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  28. Web site: Tribune . Chicago . February 1, 1993 . Gay Ex-sailor Recalls Attack and Threats . https://web.archive.org/web/20231220040011/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-02-01-9303174448-story.html . December 20, 2023 . December 20, 2023 . Chicago Tribune.
  29. Web site: Tribune . Chicago . March 4, 1993 . Shipmates of Slain Sailor Say Navy Pressed Them for Gays' Names . https://web.archive.org/web/20231220040012/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-03-04-9303187184-story.html . December 20, 2023 . December 20, 2023 . Chicago Tribune.
  30. Web site: Tribune . Chicago . February 26, 1993 . Friend Disputes Navy View of Gay Sailor's Death . https://web.archive.org/web/20231220040010/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-02-26-9303185178-story.html . December 20, 2023 . December 20, 2023 . Chicago Tribune.
  31. "Don't Ask Don't Tell". 2019. Event occurs at 00:18:11. "The executive officer explains to me that whatever happened in that park, you are not to tell anybody. Not even your friends, not the media, not your family—nobody. Keep it a secret because we wouldn't want what happened to that guy to happen to you."
  32. Web site: Lavin . Cheryl . August 10, 1997 . Death of a Sailor . https://web.archive.org/web/20231106125232/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-08-10-9708100361-story.html . November 6, 2023 . December 20, 2023 . Chicago Tribune.
  33. Book: Baim, Tracy . Out and Proud in Chicago: An Overview of the City's Gay Community . September 1, 2008 . Agate Publishing . 978-1-57284-100-0 . 60, 139 . en.
  34. Web site: Darby . James C. . Bova . Patrick . April 2009 . The Gay Veterans Movement To Achieve Equality In America's Armed Forces . https://web.archive.org/web/20240808172527/https://gaymilitarysignal.com/0905HistoryII.html . August 8, 2024 . August 10, 2024 . gaymilitarysignal.com.
  35. Web site: Faye . Marcia . January 20, 2012 . Still Fighting the Good Fight . https://web.archive.org/web/20240817015422/https://magazine.iit.edu/spring-2012/still-fighting-good-fight . August 17, 2024 . August 16, 2024 . Illinois Tech Magazine . en.
  36. Web site: Lavin . Cheryl . April 23, 1993 . Grieving Mother Turns Angry Activist . https://web.archive.org/web/20231220040013/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-04-23-9304230041-story.html . December 20, 2023 . December 20, 2023 . Chicago Tribune.
  37. News: Petrelis . Michael . July 15, 1993 . Gay Victory in Yokosuka: Gay Basher Sentenced to Life . August 16, 2024 . Bay Area Reporter . 8 . 23 . 28.
  38. Web site: November 11, 2015 . Activist reveals information relating to sailor Allen Schindler's murder - Windy City Times News . https://web.archive.org/web/20240221212012/https://www.windycitytimes.com/m/APPredirect.php?AID=53394 . February 21, 2024 . December 20, 2023 . Windy City Times . en-us.
  39. Web site: Jr . Lou Chibbaro . November 10, 2015 . New details surface in 1992 murder of gay sailor . https://web.archive.org/web/20231003020314/https://www.washingtonblade.com/2015/11/10/new-details-surface-in-1992-murder-of-gay-sailor/ . October 3, 2023 . December 20, 2023 . www.washingtonblade.com . en-US.
  40. Gay Violence (1993) . March 12, 1993 . CONUS Archive . 00:03:14.
  41. Web site: Taylor . T. Shawn . Tribune Staff Writer . October 5, 2000 . Aids Awareness Activities Include a Call for Justice . https://web.archive.org/web/20230317013530/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-10-05-0010050501-story.html . March 17, 2023 . March 17, 2023 . Chicago Tribune.
  42. Gay Violence (1993) . March 12, 1993 . CONUS Archive . 00:03:58 . "His head was so caved in that his eyes was even with his ears. His nose was even with his mouth. His neck was black and blue, even though they had makeup on him.".
  43. Dorothy Clausen "You Don't Mess With My Kid!" . May 22, 2011 . Dunes . Ruby . Ruby Dunes Video . 00:06:01.
  44. News: Reid . T.R. . May 25, 1993 . Sailor's Killer 'Disgusted' by Gays . August 20, 2024 . Washington Post . en-US . 0190-8286.
  45. Web site: Tribune . Chicago . August 29, 1994 . Conversation with a Killer . https://web.archive.org/web/20240820180246/https://www.chicagotribune.com/1994/08/29/conversation-with-a-killer/ . August 20, 2024 . August 20, 2024 . Chicago Tribune . en-US.
  46. News: Sterngold . James . 1993-05-24 . Gay Sailor's Killer Allowed Lesser Plea, Limiting Trial . 2024-08-20 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  47. Web site: Koller . Mike . May 24, 1993 . Judge accepts sailor's guilty plea in killing of gay shipmate . https://web.archive.org/web/20220221180335/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1993/05/24/Judge-accepts-sailors-guilty-plea-in-killing-of-gay-shipmate/8456738216000/ . February 21, 2022 . February 21, 2022 . UPI . en.
  48. Web site: Tribune . Chicago . May 4, 1993 . Mother of Slain Sailor Criticizes Plea Offer . https://web.archive.org/web/20240820182135/https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/05/04/mother-of-slain-sailor-criticizes-plea-offer/ . August 20, 2024 . August 20, 2024 . Chicago Tribune . en-US.
  49. News: Sterngold . James . May 27, 1993 . Sailor Gets Life for Killing Gay Shipmate . https://web.archive.org/web/20231230173918/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/05/27/us/sailor-gets-life-for-killing-gay-shipmate.html . December 30, 2023 . August 17, 2024 . The New York Times . en-US . 0362-4331.
  50. Web site: Koller . Mike . May 27, 1993 . An eight-member jury sentenced a U.S. sailor Thursday to... . https://web.archive.org/web/20240818004704/https://archive.is/Qi1TU . August 18, 2024 . August 17, 2024 . UPI . en.
  51. Web site: Jr . Lou Chibbaro . February 21, 2022 . Man sentenced to life in prison for 1992 murder of gay sailor recommended for parole . https://web.archive.org/web/20230203064237/https://www.losangelesblade.com/2022/02/21/man-sentenced-to-life-in-prison-for-1992-murder-of-gay-sailor-recommended-for-parole/ . February 3, 2023 . December 28, 2022 . Los Angeles Blade: LGBTQ News, Rights, Politics, Entertainment . en-US.
  52. Web site: Jr . Lou Chibbaro . March 8, 2022 . Parole denied for man who murdered gay sailor in 1992 . https://web.archive.org/web/20230328211659/https://www.washingtonblade.com/2022/03/08/parole-denied-for-man-who-murdered-gay-sailor-in-1992/ . March 28, 2023 . August 17, 2024 . www.washingtonblade.com . en-US.
  53. News: Yednak . Crystal . June 27, 1996 . Petition seeks to keep Schindler killer in prison for life . August 17, 2024 . Bay Area Reporter . 19 . 26 . 26.
  54. Web site: Tribune . Chicago . September 5, 2001 . Mom's crusade continues . https://web.archive.org/web/20240817015420/https://www.chicagotribune.com/2001/09/05/moms-crusade-continues/ . August 17, 2024 . August 17, 2024 . Chicago Tribune . en-US.
  55. Web site: Inmate Locator.
  56. Web site: Tribune . Chicago . March 16, 1993 . Cover-Up Plotted in Gay Sailor's Death, Transcript Shows . https://web.archive.org/web/20240815200210/https://www.chicagotribune.com/1993/03/16/cover-up-plotted-in-gay-sailors-death-transcript-shows/ . August 15, 2024 . August 20, 2024 . Chicago Tribune . en-US.
  57. Web site: June 21, 1993 . Unsafe Haven . https://web.archive.org/web/20240705211214/https://www.cs.cmu.edu/afs/cs/user/scotts/ftp/bulgarians/alan-schindler.html . July 5, 2024 . August 20, 2024 . www.cs.cmu.edu.
  58. Web site: Webmaster . NLA International . Activist Past winners - Living In Leather . https://web.archive.org/web/20230801000544/https://livinginleather.net/activist-past-winners.html . August 1, 2023 . July 31, 2023 . livinginleather.net . en-GB.
  59. Web site: Gay and Lesbian March on Washington C-SPAN.org . July 31, 2023 . www.c-span.org. Event occurs at 04:15:10.
  60. Web site: Ocamb . Karen . September 23, 2021 . Recalling the struggle to repeal 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' - Washington Blade: LGBTQ News, Politics, LGBTQ Rights, Gay News . https://web.archive.org/web/20230924095431/https://www.washingtonblade.com/2021/09/23/recalling-the-struggle-to-repeal-dont-ask-dont-tell/ . September 24, 2023 . July 31, 2023 . www.washingtonblade.com . en-US.
  61. Web site: McWhirter . Cameron . June 28, 1993 . Military Ban Weighs on Gay Parade . https://web.archive.org/web/20221213235153/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-06-28-9306280122-story.html . December 13, 2022 . December 13, 2022 . Chicago Tribune.
  62. Web site: Lavin . Cheryl . September 6, 1993 . On April 23, Tempo profiled Dorothy Hajdys,... . https://web.archive.org/web/20221213235151/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-09-06-9309060064-story.html . December 13, 2022 . December 13, 2022 . Chicago Tribune.
  63. Web site: O'Donnell . Maureen . June 28, 1993 . From The Archives: 'Lift the Ban' Is Gay March's Cry (1993) . https://web.archive.org/web/20240815165941/https://chicago.suntimes.com/news/2014/6/27/18558741/from-the-archives-lift-the-ban-is-gay-march-s-cry-1993 . August 15, 2024 . August 16, 2024 . Chicago Sun-Times . en.
  64. Web site: Compton . Mary . March 18, 2011 . A Gay Sailor's Mom: 'Because Allen Was Tired of Living a Lie, He Ended Up Dead' . https://web.archive.org/web/20221213235153/https://patch.com/illinois/chicagoheights/a-gay-sailors-mom-because-allen-was-tired-of-living-affdd882446 . December 13, 2022 . December 13, 2022 . Chicago Heights, IL Patch . en.
  65. Web site: Compton . Mary . September 21, 2011 . With 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell' Gone, Gay Sailor's Mother Can Rest . https://web.archive.org/web/20221213235153/https://patch.com/illinois/chicagoheights/with-dont-ask-dont-tell-gone-gay-sailors-mother-can-rest . December 13, 2022 . December 13, 2022 . Chicago Heights, IL Patch . en.
  66. Web site: Smith . Anita . January 7, 2019 . Navy officer Allen R. Schindler, Jr., viciously murdered in hate crime on The 1990s: The Deadliest Decade . https://web.archive.org/web/20231129174904/https://www.dailycrime.com/navy-officer-allen-r-schindler-jr-viciously-murdered-in-hate-crime-on-the-1990s-the-deadliest-decade/ . November 29, 2023 . October 27, 2022 . Monsters and Critics . en-US.
  67. Web site: Hudson . David . How the brutal murder of this gay sailor affected another serviceman's coming out . https://web.archive.org/web/20221030112030/https://www.queerty.com/brutal-murder-gay-sailor-affected-another-servicemans-coming-20201029 . October 30, 2022 . October 27, 2022 . Queerty. October 29, 2020 .
  68. Web site: Washington . Shon . November 14, 2020 . Unconditional love tested by 'don't ask, don't tell' . https://web.archive.org/web/20221027224753/https://www.militarytimes.com/opinion/commentary/2020/11/14/unconditional-love-tested-by-dont-ask-dont-tell/ . October 27, 2022 . October 27, 2022 . Military Times . en.

This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Murder of Allen R. Schindler Jr.".

Except where otherwise indicated, Everything.Explained.Today is © Copyright 2009-2024, A B Cryer, All Rights Reserved. Cookie policy.