A. R. Rahman Explained

A. R. Rahman
Birth Name:A. S. Dileep Kumar
Birth Date:1967 1, df=yes
Birth Place:Madras, Madras State (now Tamil Nadu), India
Nationality:Indian
Other Names:Allah Rakha Rahman
Isai Puyal
Mozart of Madras
Alma Mater:Trinity College of Music
Years Active:1992–present
Children:3, including Khatija and Ameen
Parents:R. K. Shekhar
Awards:Full list
Honours:Padma Bhushan (2010)
Padma Shri (2000)
Module:
Embed:yes
Signature:A R Rahman signature.svg

Allah Rakha Rahman (; born A. S. Dileep Kumar; 6 January 1967) is an Indian music composer, record producer, singer, songwriter, musician, multi-instrumentalist and philanthropist,[1] popular for his works in Indian cinema; predominantly in Tamil and Hindi films, with occasional forays in international cinema. He is a winner of six National Film Awards, two Academy Awards, two Grammy Awards, a BAFTA Award, a Golden Globe Award, six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, fifteen Filmfare Awards and eighteen Filmfare Awards South.[2] In 2010, the Indian government conferred him with the Padma Bhushan, the nation's third-highest civilian award.[3]

With his in-house studio Panchathan Record Inn, Rahman's film-scoring career began during the early 1990s with the Tamil film Roja.[4] Following that, he went on to score several songs for Tamil language films, including Mani Ratnam's politically charged Bombay, the urban Kadhalan, Thiruda Thiruda, and S. Shankar's debut film Gentleman. Rahman's score for his first Hollywood film, the comedy Couples Retreat (2009), won the BMI Award for Best Score. His music for Slumdog Millionaire (2008) earned him Best Original Score and Best Original Song (for Jai Ho) at the 81st Academy Awards. He was also awarded Best Compilation Soundtrack Album and Best Song Written for Visual Media at the 2010 Grammy Awards. He is nicknamed "Isai Puyal" (musical storm) and "Mozart of Madras".[5]

Rahman has also become a humanitarian and philanthropist, donating and raising money for a number of causes and charities. In 2006, he was honoured by Stanford University for his contributions to global music. In 2008, he received Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rotary Club of Madras.[6] In 2009, he was included on the Time list of the world's 100 most influential people.[7] In 2013, he introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films.[8] In 2014, he was awarded an honorary doctorate from Berklee College of Music. He has also received honorary doctorate from Aligarh Muslim University.[9] In 2017, he made his debut as a director and writer for the film Le Musk.[10]

Early life

Allah Rakha Rahman[11] was born as A. S. Dileep Kumar in Madras, Tamil Nadu, on 6 January 1967. His father, R. K. Shekhar from a Mudaliar[12] [13] family, was a film-score composer and conductor for Tamil and Malayalam films. Rahman began studying piano at age four.[14] He assisted his father in the studio, playing the keyboard.

After his father's death when Rahman was nine years old, the rental of his father's musical equipment provided his family's income.[15] Raised by his mother, Kareema (born Kashturi),[16] Rahman, who was studying in Padma Seshadri Bala Bhavan had to work to support his family, which led to him to routinely miss classes and fail exams. In an interview in 2012, Rahman said that his mother was summoned and was told to take him to the streets of Kodambakkam to beg and not to send him to the school any more.[17] [18]

Rahman attended another school called MCN for a year,[19] and later joined the Madras Christian College Higher Secondary School, where he was admitted on his music talent and formed a band with his high school classmates.[20] [21] However, after discussing with his mother, he later dropped out of school to pursue a career as a full-time musician.[22] [23] Rahman was a keyboard player and arranger for bands such as Roots (with childhood friend and percussionist Sivamani, John Anthony, Suresh Peters, JoJo and Raja)[24] and founded the Chennai-based rock group Nemesis Avenue.[25] He mastered the keyboard, piano, synthesizer, harmonium and guitar, and was particularly interested in the synthesizer because it was the "ideal combination of music and technology".[26]

Rahman began his early musical training under Master Dhanraj,[27] [28] and at age 11 began playing in the orchestra of Malayalam composer (and close friend of his father) M. K. Arjunan.[29] He soon began working with other composers, such as M. S. Viswanathan, Vijaya Bhaskar,[2] Ilaiyaraaja, Ramesh Naidu, Vijay Anand, Hamsalekha and Raj–Koti, accompanied Zakir Hussain, Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan and L. Shankar on world tours and obtained a scholarship from Trinity College London to the Trinity College of Music. During his early career, Rahman had assisted many music directors to play keyboard and synthesizer. One of the notable works includes a Malayalam film, Ramji Rao Speaking released in 1989 where Rahman and Sivamani programmed a song called "Kalikalam" for the music director S.Balakrishnan.

Conversion to Islam

Studying in Madras, Rahman graduated with a diploma in Western classical music from the school.[30] Rahman was introduced to Qadiri tariqa when his younger sister was seriously ill in 1984. His mother was a practising Hindu.[31] [32] [33] At the age of 23, he converted to Islam with other members of his family in 1989, changing his name to Allah Rakha Rahman (A. R. Rahman).[34] [35]

Career

Soundtracks

Rahman initially composed scores for different documentaries and jingles for advertisements and Indian television channels. In 1987 Rahman, then still known as Dileep, composed jingles for a line of watches introduced by Allwyn.[36] He also arranged the jingles for some advertisements that went on to become very popular, including the popular jingle for Titan Watches, in which he used the theme from Mozart's Symphony no.25.[37] [38] [39] In 1992, he was approached by director Mani Ratnam to compose the score and soundtrack for his Tamil film, Roja.[40]

Rahman's film career began in 1992 when he started Panchathan Record Inn, a recording and mixing studio in his backyard. It would become the most-advanced recording studio in India,[41] and arguably one of Asia's most sophisticated and high-tech studios.[42] Cinematographer Santosh Sivan signed Rahman for his second film Yoddha, a Malayalam film starring Mohanlal and directed by Sivan's brother Sangeeth Sivan that released in September 1992.

The following year, Rahman received the National Film Awards (Silver Lotus) award for Best Music Director at the 40th National Film Awards for Roja. The films' score was critically and commercially successful in its original and dubbed versions, led by the innovative theme "Chinna Chinna Aasai". Rahman followed this with successful scores and songs for Tamil–language films for the Chennai film industry, including Ratnam's politically charged Bombay, Thiruda Thiruda and S. Shankar's debut film Gentleman (with its popular dance song, "Chikku Bukku Rayile"), the urban Kadhalan.[43] [44] [45] [46] Rahman collaborated with director Bharathiraaja on Kizhakku Cheemayile and Karuththamma, producing successful Tamil rural folk-inspired film songs; he also composed for K. Balachander's Duet, which had some memorable Saxophone themes.[47] [48] The 1995 film Indira and romantic comedies Mr. Romeo and Love Birds also drew attention.[49] [50] [51]

Rahman attracted a Japanese audience with Muthus success there.[52] His soundtracks are known in the Tamil Nadu film industry and abroad for his versatility in combining Western classical music, Carnatic and Tamil traditional and folk-music traditions, jazz, reggae and rock music.[53] [54] [55] The soundtrack for Bombay sold 15 million copies worldwide,[56] [57] and "Bombay Theme" would later reappear in his soundtrack for Deepa Mehta's Fire and a number of compilations and other media. It was featured in the 2002 Palestinian film Divine Intervention and the 2005 Nicolas Cage film, Lord of War. Rangeela, directed by Ram Gopal Varma, was Rahman's Bollywood debut.[58] Successful scores and songs for Dil Se.. and the percussive Taal followed.[59] [60] Sufi mysticism inspired "Chaiyya Chaiyya" from the former film and "Zikr" from his soundtrack album for (which featured elaborate orchestral and choral arrangements).[61]

Rahman's soundtrack album for the Chennai production Minsara Kanavu won him his second National Film Award for Best Music Direction and a South FilmFare Award for Best Music Direction in a Tamil film in 1997, the latter setting a record of six consecutive wins; he later went on to win the award three consecutive additional times. The musical cues in the soundtrack albums for Sangamam and Iruvar used Carnatic vocals, the veena, rock guitar and jazz.[62] During the 2000s, Rahman composed scores and popular songs for Rajiv Menon's Kandukondain Kandukondain, Alaipayuthey, Ashutosh Gowariker's Swades, Rang De Basanti[63] and songs with Hindustani motifs for 2005's Water. Rahman has worked with Indian poets and lyricists such as Javed Akhtar, Gulzar, Vairamuthu and Vaali, and has produced commercially successful soundtracks with directors Mani Ratnam and S. Shankar (Gentleman, Kadhalan, Indian, Jeans, Mudhalvan, Nayak, Boys, Sivaji, Enthiran, I and 2.0).[64]

In 2005 Rahman expanded his Panchathan Record Inn studio by establishing AM Studios in Kodambakkam, Chennai, creating the most cutting-edge studio in Asia.[65] [66] The following year he launched his own music label, KM Music,[67] with his score for Sillunu Oru Kaadhal.[68] Rahman scored the Mandarin-language film Warriors of Heaven and Earth in 2003 after researching and using Chinese and Japanese classical music,[69] and won the Just Plain Folks Music Organization|Just Plain Folks Music Award For Best Music Album for his score for 2006's Varalaru (God Father).[70] He co-scored Shekhar Kapur's second British film, , in 2007[71] and received a Best Composer Asian Film Award nomination at the Hong Kong International Film Festival for his Jodhaa Akbar score.[72] Rahman's music has been sampled for other scores in India,[73] appearing in Inside Man, Lord of War, Divine Intervention and The Accidental Husband.

His score for his first Hollywood film, the 2009 comedy Couples Retreat, won the BMI London Award for Best Score.[74] Rahman's music for 2008's Slumdog Millionaire won a Golden Globe and two Academy Awards (a first for an Asian), and the songs "Jai Ho" and "O... Saya" from its soundtrack were internationally successful. His music on 2008's Bollywood Jaane Tu... Ya Jaane Na was popular with Indian youth; that year, his score and songs for Jodhaa Akbar won critical acclaim, a Best Composer Asian Film Award nomination and IIFA awards for best music direction and score.

In 2010, Rahman composed the original score and songs for the romantic Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa, the sci-fi romance Enthiran and Danny Boyle's 127 Hours, composing for the Imtiaz Ali musical Rockstar; the latter's soundtrack was a critical and commercial success.[75] In 2012 Rahman composed for Ekk Deewana Tha and the American drama People Like Us,[76] and collaborated with director Yash Chopra on Jab Tak Hai Jaan.[77] all were positively received.[78] By the end of the year his music for Mani Ratnam's Kadal topped the iTunes India chart for December. In 2013, Rahman had two releases: Raanjhanaa and Maryan. Both were successful, with the former nominated for a number of awards[79] [80] [81] and the latter the iTunes India Tamil Album of 2013.[82]

The year 2014 was one of the busiest years for Rahman, with him claiming to have worked in 12 films in various languages.[83] While his first release for the year was the Imtiaz Ali's road movie Highway which garnered positive reviews, his very next release was the performance captured animation film Kochadaiiyaan, a Rajinikanth starrer directed by Soundarya Rajinikanth. The film's soundtrack was long-listed at the forthcoming Academy Awards.[84] His next were the scores for the two back to back Hollywood films, Million Dollar Arm and The Hundred Foot Journey, both of which got into the contended list for the original score category nomination at the Oscars.[85]

Then he composed for the period drama Kaaviya Thalaivan teaming up with director Vasanthabalan for the first time. His next release was Shankar's thriller I and K. S. Ravikumar's period action film Lingaa.

Background scores

His background scores are often characterised by the usage of subtle orchestration and ambient sounds.[86] He often employs contemporary instruments such as Guitars, Cello, Flute, Strings, Keyboard, Finger board, Harpejji, Santoor and traditional Indian instruments such as Shehnai, Sitar, Mrudangam, Veenai & Tabla to create scores.

Some of the films which fetched him appreciations for background scores include Roja, Bombay, Iruvar, Minsara Kanavu, Dil Se.., Taal, Lagaan, The Legend of Bhagat Singh, Swades, Rang De Basanti, Bose: The Forgotten Hero, Guru, Jodhaa Akbar, Raavanan, Vinnaithaandi Varuvaayaa, Rockstar, Enthiran, Kadal, Kochadaiiyaan and I. A. R. Rahman received two Academy Awards for Slumdog Millionaire and two Academy Award nominations for 127 Hours. Recently, his scores for Kochadaiiyaan, Million Dollar Arm and The Hundred-Foot Journey have been nominated in the long list released by Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.[87] [88] In 2017 his Mersal music's background score has impressed one and all.[89] In 2018, Rahman got national award for the background score of Mom.

Qutub-E-Kripa an ensemble of young musicians of KM Music Conservatory, have been co-credited alongside A. R. Rahman for the background scores of films such as 24, O Kadhal Kanmani, Tamasha, OK Jaanu, Kaatru Veliyidai, Mom,[90] Chekka Chivantha Vaanam, Sarkar and 2.0. They have also scored for the Netflix Show, Daughters of Destiny.

Performing and other projects

Rahman has also been involved in non-film projects. Vande Mataram, an album of original compositions released for India's 50th anniversary of its independence in 1997,[91] [92] [93] is one of India's best-selling non-film albums.[94] He followed it with an album for the Bharat Bala–directed video Jana Gana Mana, a collection of performances by leading exponents and artists of Indian classical music.[95] Rahman has written advertising jingles and orchestrations for athletic events, television and Internet media, documentaries and short films,[96] frequently using the Czech Film Orchestra and the Chennai Strings Orchestra.

In 1999, Rahman partnered with choreographers Shobana and Prabhu Deva and a Tamil film-dancing troupe to perform with Michael Jackson in Munich, Germany at his Michael Jackson and Friends concert.[97] In 2002 he composed the music for his first stage production, Bombay Dreams, which was commissioned by Andrew Lloyd Webber.[98] The Finnish folk-music band Värttinä collaborated with Rahman on the Toronto production of The Lord of the Rings, and in 2004[99] he composed "Raga's Dance" for Vanessa-Mae's album Choreography (performed by Mae and the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra).[100] Since 2004 Rahman has performed three successful world tours before audiences in Singapore, Australia, Malaysia, Dubai, the United Kingdom, Canada, the United States and India,[99] [101] and has been collaborating with Karen David on her upcoming studio album. A two-disc CD, Introducing A. R. Rahman (featuring 25 of his Tamil film-score pieces), was released in May 2006[102] and his non-film album Connections was released on 12 December 2008.[103] In August 2009 Rahman performed at the Srifort Auditorium in New Delhi in a concert titled A R Rahman Unplugged which kickstarted the golden jubilee celebrations of the National broadcaster Doordarshan. The Minister of Information and Broadcasting of India, Mrs Ambika Soni was the chief guest.[104] Rahman performed at a White House state dinner arranged by US President Barack Obama during an official visit by Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on 24 November 2009.[105]

He is one of over 70 artists on "We Are the World 25 for Haiti", a charity single to raise relief funds in the wake of the 2010 Haiti earthquake.[106] In 2010, Rahman composed "Jai Jai Garavi Gujarat" in honour of the 50th anniversary of the formation of Gujarat State,[107] "Semmozhiyaana Thamizh Mozhiyaam" as part of the World Classical Tamil Conference 2010,[108] and the theme song for the 2010 Commonwealth Games, "Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto".[109] Rahman began his first world tour, on 11 June 2010 at Nassau Coliseum in New York; 16 cities worldwide were scheduled.[110]

Some of Rahman's notable compositions were performed by the London Philharmonic Orchestra in April 2010.[111] In February 2011 Rahman collaborated with Michael Bolton on Bolton's album, Gems – The Duets Collection,[112] reworking his "Sajna" from Couples Retreat.[113]

On 20 May 2011 Mick Jagger announced the formation of a supergroup, SuperHeavy, with Dave Stewart, Joss Stone, Damian Marley and Rahman;[114] its self-titled album was scheduled for release in September 2011.[115] The album would have Jagger singing on Rahman's composition, "Satyameva Jayate" ("The Truth Alone Triumphs").

In January 2012 the Deutsches Filmorchester Babelsberg announced that it would join KM Music Conservatory musicians for a 100-member concert tour of five Indian cities (Germany and India 2011–2012: Infinite Opportunities), performing Rahman's songs. The marked the centennial of Indian cinema and Babelsberg Studio, the world's oldest film studio.[86]

In Summer 2012 Rahman composed a Punjabi song for the London Olympics opening ceremony, directed by Danny Boyle, part of a medley showcasing Indian influence in the UK. Indian musician Ilaiyaraja's song from the 1981 Tamil-language film Ram Lakshman was also chosen for the medley.[116]

In December 2012 Rahman and Shekhar Kapoor launched Qyuki, a networking site which is a platform for story writers to exchange their thoughts. Cisco invested ₹270 million in the startup, giving it a 17-percent share. Qyuki uses Cisco's cloud infrastructure for the site.[117] [118] On 20 December he released the single "Infinite Love" in English and Hindi, commemorating the last day of the Mayan calendar to spread hope, peace and love. Rahman's 2013 tour, Rahmanishq, was announced on 29 July 2013 in Mumbai. Beginning in Sydney on 24 August, the tour moved to a number of cities in India.[119]

In January 2016, after a long break Rahman performed live in Chennai and for the first time in Coimbatore & Madurai, with a complete Tamil playlist. As the name suggests, Nenje Yezhu (which means rise up) began 2016 with a positive note and with music from the heart. The proceeds of this concert will be used for flood relief in Tamil Nadu and also for creating awareness against cancer, supporting VS Medical Trust outside Chennai.[120] [121] [122]

Rahman released a 19-minute orchestral composition The Flying Lotus in 2017 featuring the demonetisation. This musical piece is an open interpretation of this major stance against black money which also includes Narendra Modi's speech.

On 15 August 2018, Rahman appeared as the host in the 5-episode series of Amazon Prime Video titled "Harmony".[123] [124]

Rahman launched India's first YouTube Original, ARRived, which aims to find the best singing talent from across country. The series has 13 episodes and the first episode was uploaded on 7 November 2018. Rahman is the main judge and he is accompanied by Shaan, Vidya Vox and Clinton Cerejo.[125]

On 16 January 2019, Maruti Suzuki India Limited launched NEXA Music, a platform where 24 artists will be picked and mentored by Rahman and Clinton Cerejo to create international music in India.[126] [127]

Rahman also appeared as a judge on The Voice. The show began airing on 3 February 2019 on StarPlus.[128] Rahman partnered with Marvel to compose a promotional track titled "Marvel Anthem" in Hindi, Tamil and Telugu for (2019).[129] Rahman has sung and composed the track spiced up with rap and heavy percussion. The lyrics are by Nirmika Singh, and MC Heam (rap). The film's team also walked the red carpet and also took a selfie with over 3,500 audience members.[130]

The Irish rock band U2 collaborated with Rahman to release a single, "Ahimsa", in December 2019. The song was named for the Sanskrit word for non-violence, and lyrically was intended to celebrate the ethnical and spiritual diversity in India. Rahman stated that ahimsa requires courage and strength, and that the song is a celebration of non-violence and peace.[131]

Musical style and influence

Skilled in Carnatic music, Western and Hindustani classical music and the Qawwali style of Nusrat Fateh Ali Khan, Rahman is noted for film songs amalgamating elements of these and other genres, layering instruments from different musical idioms in an improvisational style.[61] [132] During the 1980s Rahman recorded monaural arrangements in common with his musical predecessors, K. V. Mahadevan and Vishwanathan–Ramamoorthy. He has also worked as a pianist in Ilaiyaraaja's troupe for hundreds of movies.[133] In later years his methodology changed, as he experimented with the fusion of traditional instruments with new electronic sounds and technology.[61] [134]

Rahman's musical interests and outlook originate in his love of experimentation. His compositions have an auteuristic use of counterpoint, orchestration and the human voice, melding Indian pop music with a unique timbre, form and instrumentation. With this syncretic style and wide-ranging lyrics, the appeal of Rahman's music crosses classes and cultures in Indian society.[135]

His first soundtrack, for Roja, was listed on Time's all-time "10 Best Soundtracks" in 2005. Film critic Richard Corliss said that the composer's "astonishing debut work parades Rahman's gift for alchemizing outside influences until they are totally Tamil, totally Rahman",[136] and his initial global success is attributed to the South Asian diaspora. Music producer Ron Fair considers Rahman "one of the world's great living composers in any medium".[137]

Director Baz Luhrmann said: Rahman introduced 7.1 surround sound technology to South Indian films.[8] Rahman is one of the best-selling music artists in India,[138] [139] [140] with an estimated 150 million records sold worldwide.[141] [142] [143] On 21 May 2014 Rahman announced that he has partnered with former Black Eyed Peas' Will.i.am to recreate an early popular track 'Urvashi Urvashi'. Track is 'Birthday'.[144]

Personal life

Rahman is married to Saira Banu, sister-in-law of actor Rashin Rahman; they have three children: Khatija, Raheema and Ameen.[145] Ameen has sung "NaNa" from Couples Retreat, and Khatija has sung "Pudhiya Manidha" from Enthiran.[146] [147] Composer G. V. Prakash Kumar is the son of Rahman's elder sister, A. R. Reihana.[148] Rahman's younger sister, Fathima, heads his music conservatory in Chennai.[149] [150] The youngest, Ishrath, has a music studio. A.R. Rahman is co-brother[151] to actor Rahman.[152]

Born into a Hindu family, Rahman converted to Islam when he was in his 20s. After the early death of his father, his family experienced difficult times; Sufism influenced his mother, who was a practising Hindu and, eventually, his family.[153] [154] During the 81st Academy Awards ceremony Rahman paid tribute to his mother: "There is a Hindi dialogue, mere pass ma hai, which means 'even if I have got nothing I have my mother here'."[155] He said, "" ("All praise to God" in Tamil, a translation from the Quran) before his speech.[156] In February 2020, Rahman was critiqued for his liberal image after Bangladeshi author Taslima Nasreen raised a question about his daughter wearing a burka.[157]

Philanthropy

Rahman is involved with a number of charitable causes. In 2004 he was appointed as the global ambassador of the Stop TB Partnership, a WHO project. Rahman has supported Save the Children India and worked with Yusuf Islam on "Indian Ocean", a song featuring a-ha keyboard player Magne Furuholmen and Travis drummer Neil Primrose. Proceeds from the song went to help orphans in Banda Aceh who were affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami.[158] He produced the single "We Can Make It Better" by Don Asian with Mukhtar Sahota.[159] In 2008 Rahman opened the KM Music Conservatory with an audio-media education facility to train aspiring musicians in vocals, instruments, music technology and sound design. The conservatory (with prominent musicians on staff and a symphony orchestra) is located near his studio in Kodambakkam, Chennai and offers courses at several levels. Violinist L. Subramaniam is on its advisory board.[160] Several of Rahman's proteges from the studio have scored feature films.[161] In 2009, he founded Sunshine Orchestra with a vision to introduce India's first symphony orchestra where economically and socially deprived children get free music education by the KM Music Conservatory. He composed the theme music for a 2006 short film for The Banyan to aid poor women in Chennai.[162]

In 2008 Rahman and noted percussionist Sivamani created a song, "Jiya Se Jiya", inspired by the Free Hugs Campaign and promoted it with a video filmed in a number of Indian cities for a cause.[163] In 2017, he announced one heart foundation which would support people from music industry. Rahman announced Ta Futures, a collaborative culture project that would curate and celebrate the sounds of Tamil Nadu.[164]

In 2019, Rahman performed a Sufi Benefit Concert at the annual New York gala of Pratham, one of the largest non-governmental organisations in India, which focuses on the provision of quality education to India's underprivileged children. Rahman and his ensemble performed the full dinner concert on a pro-bono basis.[165] Afterward, he wrote on Twitter that his "long time dream of performing #Sufimusic for human causes came true" and thanked attendees for their respect and generosity.[166]

Discography

See main article: A. R. Rahman discography.

Filmography

As an actor

YearTitleRoleLanguageNotes
2002Kadhal VirusHimselfTamilCameo
2019BigilCameo in "Singappenney" song[167] [168]
2022AaraattuMalayalamCameo in "Mukkala Muqabla" recreated song[169] [170]
2023MaamannanTamilCameo in "Jigu Jigu Rail" Song
2024AyalaanCameo in "Maanja Nee" Promo Song

As producer, writer and director

YearTitleCredited asNotes
ProducerWriterDirector
2020Atkan Chatkan[171]
202199 Songs[172] [173]
2022Le Musk[174] [175]

As performer

Music videos

!Year!Title!Director
1997"Maa Tujhe Salaam"Bharatbala[178]
2007"Pray for Me Brother"Bharatbala[179]
"One Love"Owais Husain
2008"Jiya Se Jiya"Kanika Myer[180]
2009"Vellai Pookkal"Mani Ratnam
2009"Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)"Thomas Kloss[181]
2010"Semmozhiyaana Tamizh Mozhiyaam"Gautham Vasudev Menon[182]
"Jiyo Utho Bado Jeeto"Bharatbala[183]
2011"Changing Seasons"Mani Ratnam, John Warner[184]
"If I Rise"[185]
"Miracle Worker"Paul Boyd
"Satyameva Jayathe"Paul Boyd
2012"Infinite Love"Paul Boyd
2014"Kismat Se"
2018"Jai Hind India"
2019"Sago"Amith Krishnan
"Marvel Anthem"Punit Malhotra
"Singappenney"Atlee
"For You My Love"Blinded by the Light (2019 film)
2020"You Got Me"Uma-GaitiAR Rahman ft Nexa Music Lab Winners- Nisa, Heat Sink, Jonathan, Pelenuo & Simetri
2021"Rihaayi De" Promotional Music Video - MimiRajesh Bhatia
2022Firdaus Sessions by A.R. Rahman featuring Dana Dajani - SpringRajesh Bhatia
2022Untold Stories Firdaus Sessions A. R. Rahman featuring Seeta QasemiRajesh Bhatia
2022Firdaus Sessions by A.R. Rahman featuring NirmikaRajesh Bhatia
2022Firdaus Studio Sessions by A. R. Rahman - Pain featuring Dana Dajani & Gouri ViravalliRajesh Bhatia
2022Moopilla Thamizhe Thaaye (Tamil Anthem)Amith Krishnan

Television

Awards

See main article: List of awards and nominations received by A. R. Rahman.

A seven-time National Film Award winner and recipient of six Tamil Nadu State Film Awards, he has fifteen Filmfare Awards and sixteen Filmfare Awards South for his music.[186] Rahman has received a Kalaimamani from the Government of Tamil Nadu for excellence in the field of music, musical-achievement awards from the governments of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh and a Padma Shri from the Government of India.[187]

In 2006, he received an award from Stanford University for his contributions to global music.[188] The following year, Rahman entered the Limca Book of Records as "Indian of the Year for Contribution to Popular Music".[189] He received the 2008 Lifetime Achievement Award from the Rotary Club of Madras.[6] In 2009, for his Slumdog Millionaire score, Rahman won the Broadcast Film Critics Association Award, the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Score,[190] the BAFTA Award for Best Film Music and two Academy Awards (Best Original Score and Best Original Song, the latter shared with Gulzar) at the 81st Academy Awards.

He has received honorary doctorates from Middlesex University, Aligarh Muslim University,[191] [9] Anna University in Chennai and Miami University in Ohio.[192] The composer has won two Grammy Awards: Best Compilation Soundtrack Album and Best Song Written for Visual Media.[193] Rahman received the Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian honour, in 2010.[194]

His work in 127 Hours won him Golden Globe, BAFTA, and two Academy Award nominations (Best Original Music Score and Best Original Song) in 2011.[195] [196] [197] Rahman is an Honorary Fellow of the Trinity College of Music.[198]

On 24 October 2014 Rahman was awarded an honorary doctorate from Berklee College of Music during a concert paying tribute to his music featuring an international cast of students. Upon receiving his award he commented that being honoured by Berklee illustrates how his life has come full circle, as at the start of his career, he had planned to study at Berklee before being offered the opportunity to score Roja.[199] During his 7 May 2012 acceptance speech of his honorary doctorate from Miami University in Ohio, Rahman mentioned that he received a Christmas card from the family of the President of the United States and an invitation to dinner at the White House.[200] A street was named in his honour in Markham, Ontario, Canada in November 2013.[201]

On 4 October 2015, the government of Seychelles named A. R. Rahman Cultural Ambassador for Seychelles in appreciation of the "invaluable services contributed to enhance Seychelles' Arts and Culture development."[202]

In January 2018, He has been appointed as the Brand Ambassador of the Sikkim government. A.R. Rahman will promote and project the state's achievements nationally and globally.[203] Rahman was honoured with the Pride of Indian Music award at the first Zee Cine Awards Tamil, held on 4 January 2020 in Chennai.[204]

The UK-based world-music magazine Songlines named him one of "Tomorrow's World Music Icons" in August 2011.[205] For years, he has been regularly listed one among The 500 Most Influential Muslims in the world.[206] [207]

Currently, he is also on the Board of Advisors of India's International Movement to Unite Nations (I.I.M.U.N.).[208]

Biographies

See also

Bibliography

External links

Notes and References

  1. Web site: A. R. Rahmam Biography. arrahman.com. 14 April 2023.
  2. Web site: 11 December 2018 . Interview: AR Rahman reveals composing secrets . Deccan Herald.
  3. News: AR Rahman Feels 'Happy and Honoured' with Padma Bhushan Win . . 29 November 2016.
  4. Web site: Ramanujam . Srinivasa . Menon . Vishal . Revisiting 'Roja', 25 years later . The Hindu . en-IN . 14 August 2017.
  5. The Mozart of Madras . https://web.archive.org/web/20111027041354/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,629407,00.html . 27 October 2011 . Corliss . Richard . Richard Corliss . 25 April 2004 . . 5 April 2011.
  6. Web site: A R Rahman Honored . https://web.archive.org/web/20080626115742/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/events/15580.html . dead . 26 June 2008 . IndiaGlitz . 4 June 2008 . 5 April 2011.
  7. 30 April 2009 . The 2009 Time 100 – A.R. Rahman . Time . 24 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110217065614/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C1894410_1893836_1894435%2C00.html . 17 February 2011.
  8. News: Rahman's AM Studio introduces 7.1 technology to Kollywood . https://web.archive.org/web/20130707035429/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-27/news-interviews/32440011_1_indian-film-industry-sound-technology . 7 July 2013 . . 27 June 2012.
  9. News: Rahman to be conferred honorary doctorate by AMU . The Hindu . 26 May 2009 . 26 May 2009 . Chennai, India . https://web.archive.org/web/20110604162150/http://www.hindu.com/thehindu/holnus/009200905261962.htm . 4 June 2011.
  10. Web site: How virtual reality pushed AR Rahman towards 'multi-sensory' filmmaking . Duttagupta . Ishani . 14 May 2017 . . 13 July 2017.
  11. Web site: Kabir . Nasreen Munni . Why I converted: The transformation of Dilip Kumar into AR Rahman . 17 July 2021 . Scroll.in . 16 January 2015 . en-US.
  12. Web site: AR Rahman turns 47 . 5 August 2020 . photogallery.indiatimes.com.
  13. Web site: Kabir . Nasreen Munni . Why I converted: The transformation of Dilip Kumar into AR Rahman . 5 August 2020 . Scroll.in . 16 January 2015 . en-US.
  14. Web site: A.R. Rahman Biography, Scores, Awards, & Facts . 7 January 2021 . Encyclopedia Britannica . en.
  15. Web site: Rahman's childhood . hindilyrics.net . 19 April 2011 . 2 September 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110902225131/http://www.hindilyrics.net/profiles/a-r-rahman.html . dead .
  16. News: A R Rahman: In tune with life . . 30 September 2002 . 5 April 2011.
  17. Web site: மாணவிகளுக்கு பாலியல் தொல்லை: சர்சைக்குள்ளான தனியார் பள்ளி ஏ.ஆர்.ரஹ்மானை அவமதித்ததா? . 2 November 2021 . Indian Express Tamil . 26 May 2021 . ta.
  18. Web site: ச,வி.ஶ்ரீனிவாசுலு . அழகுசுப்பையா . மாணவர் இறப்பு முதல் பாலியல் புகார் வரை - பத்ம சேஷாத்திரி பள்ளி மீதான தொடர் சர்ச்சைகள்! . 2 November 2021 . vikatan.com/ . 27 May 2021 . ta.
  19. Book: Krishna Trilok . Notes of a Dream: The Authorized Biography of A.R. Rahman . 2018 . Penguin Random House India Private Limited . 978-93-5305-196-9 . 67–68.
  20. Book: Kamini Mathai . A.R. Rahman: The Musical Storm . 2009 . Penguin Books India . 978-0-670-08371-8 . 39.
  21. News: 7 October 2010 . Star-studded 175th b'day for MCC school . The Times of India . 10 April 2022.
  22. Book: Krishna Trilok . Notes of a Dream: The Authorized Biography of A.R. Rahman . 2018 . Penguin Random House India Private Limited . 978-93-5305-196-9 . 67.
  23. Web site: Star-studded 175th b'day for MCC school . . 7 October 2010 . 7 October 2018.
  24. Web site: Biography . hummaa.com . 20 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110615223846/http://www.hummaa.com/music/artist/A+R+Rahman/24 . 15 June 2011.
  25. Book: Ganti, T. . Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema . 2004 . 112 . Psychology Press . 0-415-28854-1 .
  26. Web site: The Secret behind the Allure of A. R. Rahman . Khabar . 12 March 2014.
  27. Web site: Training under dhanraj master . https://web.archive.org/web/20100620231004/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/tamil/gallery/events/22528.html . dead . 20 June 2010 . IndiaGlitz.com . 20 April 2011.
  28. Web site: Indian under spotlight . indiansinparis.com . 20 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120322232419/http://www.indiansinparis.com/blog/roots/420-arrahman . 22 March 2012.
  29. Web site: Film fraternity hails Rahman, Pookutty for win . The Indian Express . India . 23 February 2009 . 23 February 2009.
  30. News: Wax, Emily . 'Slumdog' Composer's Crescendo of a Career . 9 February 2009 . 8 November 2010 . The Washington Post.
  31. News: How AS Dileep Kumar converted to Islam to become AR Rahman . Dawn.
  32. Web site: The Complete Biography of A.R.Rahman – The A.R.Rahman Page . gopalhome.tripod.com.
  33. News: AR Rahman turns 47 . 21 January 2017 . The Times of India Music . Born in a musically Mudaliar affluent Tamil family.
  34. Book: Kabir, Nasreen Munni . A.R. Rahman: The Spirit of Music . 2011 . Om Books International . 9789380070148 . 11 March 2016.
  35. News: Time for A.R. Rahman's 'ghar wapsi', says VHP . 16 September 2015 . 11 March 2016 . The Hindu.
  36. Web site: A.R.Rahaman – Career . A. R. Rahman – Official website . A. R. Rahman . 6 May 2016.
  37. News: Look what's brewing . Sudhish Kamath . The Hindu . 26 January 2013.
  38. Web site: The Hindu: Breaking News, India News, Elections, Bollywood, Cricket, Video, Latest News & Live Updates . The Hindu.
  39. Web site: Tamil Nadu / Chennai News: Study at Rajiv Menon's institute . https://web.archive.org/web/20070309144309/http://www.hindu.com/2006/05/05/stories/2006050502280200.htm . 9 March 2007 . 5 May 2006 . . 4 February 2012.
  40. Purie . Aroon . A.R. Rahman: Prodigious Debut . 29 . 1–6 . 1994 . 153 . India Today.
  41. Eur . Andy Gregory . The International Who's Who in Popular Music 2002 . 419–420.
  42. Web site: An Interview with A.R. Rahman . Apple Inc. . 24 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110208030704/http://www.apple.com/logicstudio/in-action/arrahman . 8 February 2011.
  43. News: Culshaw, Peter . Interview with AR Rahman, the composer behind the Slumdog Millionaire soundtrack . 6 February 2009 . . https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/film/4535090/Interview-with-AR-Rahman-the-composer-behind-the-Slumdog-Millionaire-soundtrack.html . 10 January 2022 . subscription . live . 24 February 2011 . London.
  44. Work of the magic and other musicians . . 11 . 7–12 . 1553-9814 . 50137257 . 1995 . 11 . World Marketing Inc. . His first assignment was to write the music for Ratnam's film, Roja. Subsequent films that established AR Rahman as the genius of Tamil film music included Pudhiya Mugam with director Suresh Menon and Gentleman with Shankar . New York.
  45. Book: Continuum encyclopedia of popular music of the world . John Shepherd . 2005 . Continuum . London/New York . 3–7 . 0-8264-6321-5 . 80–81 . 444486924 . Music directors such as AR Rahman and Karthik Raja produce film scores that are more eclectic, incorporating rap, jazz, reggae, hard rock and fast dance beats (as, for example, for Duet [1994], Kadhalan [1994] and Bombay [1995])..
  46. Purie . Aroon . A.R. Rahman: Music The New Wave . 20 . 1–6 . 1995 . 11 . India Today.
  47. Book: Indian cinema: ebbs and tides . K. Naresh Kumar . 1995 . Har-Anand Publications . New Delhi . 26–27 . 978-81-241-0344-9 . 135 . 33444588.
  48. The saxophone symposium: journal of the North American Saxophone Alliance . World Saxophone Congress. North American Saxophone Alliance . The Saxophone Symposium . 2001 . North American Saxophone Alliance . Greenville . 26–27 . 0271-3705 . 78–85 . 5190155 . The famous South Indian film music director AR Rahman invited [[[Kadri Gopalnath]] ] to work on the music for a major South Indian film. Rahman, a new music director, writes music that brings a more cosmopolitan feel to Indian cinema, and he was open to ....
  49. Purie . Aroon . Music love birds . 21 . 1–6 . 1996 . 195 . . AR Rahman's latest offering is a heavy dose of synthesiser and percussion sprinkled with rap. "No Problem" by Apache Indian is the selling point. . 0254-8399 . 2675526.
  50. Book: Kasbekar, Asha . Pop Culture India!: Media, Arts and Lifestyle . 2006 . ABC-CLIO . 978-1-85109-636-7 . 215 . Songs play as important a part in South Indian films and some South Indian music directors such as A. R. Rehman and Ilyaraja have an enthusiastic national and even international following.
  51. Book: Chaudhuri, S. . Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia . Cinema of South India and Sri Lanka . 149 . Now the South is believed to excel the North in many respects, including its colour labs, state of the art digital technology and sound processing facilities (which have improved the dubbing of Tamil and other South Indian languages into Hindi since the 1970s)..
  52. Web site: Prasad, Ayappa . Films don't believe in borders . . 2003 . 15 November 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081218060205/http://www.screenindia.com/old/fullstory.php?content_id=5670 . 18 December 2008.
  53. Purie . Aroon . A. R. Rahman: Music The New Wave . 20 . 1–6 . 1995 . 11 . . Now, two years later, AR Rahman looks like he is here to stay, with his digitalised sound based on pop-rock and reggae and fused with traditional Indian – mainly Carnatic – folk idioms. The supreme irony: he used to play keyboards in ....
  54. Book: Chaudhuri, S. . Contemporary World Cinema: Europe, the Middle East, East Asia and South Asia . Cinema of South India and Sri Lanka . 149 . Southern filmmakers like Mani Ratnam, Ram Gopal Varma and Priyadarshan have altered the profile of Indian 'national' cinema. So too have southern specialists ... cinematographers Santosh Sivan, P. C. Sreeram and music composer A. R. Rahman who formed a highly successful team with Ratnam and have all attained star status in their own right.
  55. Book: Brégeat, Raïssa . Indomania: le cinéma indien des origines à nos jours . 133 . AR Rahman (Roja, Bombay), entre autres, exigent aujourd'hui les cachets les plus gros jamais payés à un directeur musical . Cinémathèque française . fr . Paris . 978-2-900596-14-2 . 1995.
  56. Web site: Das Gupta, Surajeet . Sen, Soumik . Composing a winning score . . 15 November 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081015040951/http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/sep/21bizsp.htm . 15 October 2008 . live.
  57. News: The 'Mozart of Madras' AR Rahman is Performing LIVE in Australia . . 14 February 2017.
  58. Purie . Aroon . French Connection . 20 . 13–18 . 1995 . 156 . India Today.
  59. Book: Stafford, Roy . Understanding Audiences and the Film Industry . 31 May 2007 . 27 . 978-1-84457-141-3 . British Film Institute . London .
  60. Book: Arnold, Alison . The Garland Encyclopedia of World Music . 2000 . 540 . Taylor & Francis . https://books.google.com/books?id=ZOlNv8MAXIEC&pg=RA2-PA555 . Film music in the late Twentieth century . 978-0-8240-4946-1 . The recent success of the Tamil film music director A. R. Rehman in achieving widespread popularity in the world of Hindi film music is now possibly opening doors to new South-North relationships and collaborations.
  61. Rangan . Baradwaj . Suhasini, Lalitha . AR Rahman: The Rolling Stone interview . Rolling Stone . 2008 . 16 November 2008.
  62. Web site: The A R Rahman Chat . . Rediff . 17 August 1998 . 6 December 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081216150459/http://www.rediff.com/chat/rahmchat.htm . 16 December 2008 . live.
  63. Book: Velayutham, Selvaraj . Tamil Cinema: The Cultural Politics of India's Other Film Industry . 2008 . 6.
  64. Ganti . T. . Bollywood: A Guidebook to Popular Hindi Cinema . 112 . Rehman became a major star with his hit music in Roja followed by hit scores for Mani Ratnam's and Shankar's films in Tamil..
  65. Web site: Film Composer A.R. Rahman Selects Bag End Bass Speakers . . 7 June 2006 . 18 November 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081216141733/http://mixonline.com/news/headline/bag-end-arrahman-060706/ . 16 December 2008 .
  66. News: Omkar . Ashanti . Interview with A. R. Rahman . March 2008 . 1 . 1 . The Score Magazine . Chennai.
  67. News: Maria Verghis . Shana . 11 August 2006 . A R Rahman Interview . smaramra.blogspot.com . New Delhi .
  68. News: Cine Scope . . 19 October 2005 . 7 . https://web.archive.org/web/20150924113310/http://www.tamilguardian.com/tg310/p7.pdf . 24 September 2015.
  69. Web site: Chinese rhapsody . 23 October 2003 . Savita Gautham . . 5 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20040225084151/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/mp/2003/10/23/stories/2003102301100200.htm . 25 February 2004 . usurped.
  70. Web site: 2009 Just Plain Folks Music Awards Album Winners . Just Plain Folks Music Awards . 2009 . 14 February 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20181017193502/http://www.jpfolks.com/09albumwinners.html . 17 October 2018 .
  71. News: Mover and Shekhar . https://web.archive.org/web/20071201082742/http://www.hindu.com/cp/2007/11/23/stories/2007112350030100.htm . 1 December 2007 . 23 November 2007 . 5 April 2011 . . Chennai, India.
  72. Web site: Asian Film Awards 2009 . 6 February 2009 . . 24 February 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110208035546/http://www.asianfilmawards.asia/2009/eng/nominations.php . 8 February 2011.
  73. News: Cinemaya 1998 . 1998 . 9 . 39–41 . . New Delhi . 0970-8782 . 19234070 . However, the song was lifted by a whole range of well-known music directors from Bombay so much so that the original composition in Tamil by AR Rahman ....
  74. Web site: A.R. Rahman Picks Up BMI Film Award in London . Broadcast Music Inc. . 2 November 2010.
  75. News: Rockstar's rocking on . https://web.archive.org/web/20130708223445/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-10-09/news-interviews/30258301_1_rockstar-imtiaz-ali-ranbir-kapoor . 8 July 2013 . 9 October 2011 . . 9 November 2011.
  76. Web site: 'People Like Us' Soundtrack Features A New Liz Phair Song Penned for the Film + Poster & New Photo . . 14 May 2012 . 17 May 2012 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120518003511/http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/people-like-us-soundtrack-features-a-score-by-a-r-rahman-a-liz-phair-song-20120514 . 18 May 2012 .
  77. News: Yash Chopra signs Rahman . https://web.archive.org/web/20120403185321/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2011-05-17/news-and-interviews/29551943_1_yash-chopra-yashji-music . 3 April 2012 . . Kunal M Shah . 17 May 2011 . 11 October 2012.
  78. Web site: Joginder Tuteja . Jab Tak Hai Jaan Music Review . https://web.archive.org/web/20121012235235/http://www.bollywoodhungama.com/moviemicro/musiccriticreview/id/548942 . dead . 12 October 2012 . 10 October 2012 . Bollywood Hungama.
  79. Web site: 59th Idea Filmfare Awards Nominations . 14 January 2014 .
  80. Web site: FILM MUSIC NOMINEES . 18 January 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140208053318/http://gima.co.in/2014_film_nominees.php . 8 February 2014.
  81. Web site: Screen Awards 2014: The complete list of nominees . https://web.archive.org/web/20140108104623/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/20th-annual-screen-awards-2014-the-complete-list-of-nominees/444093-8-66.html . 8 January 2014 . CNN-IBN . 8 January 2014 . 8 January 2014.
  82. Web site: Maryan Tops iTunes List for 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141025233327/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/tamil/Maryan-Tops-iTunes-List-for-2013/2013/12/23/article1959723.ece . dead . 25 October 2014 . The New Indian Express . 12 March 2014.
  83. Web site: 2014 has been a busy year for me: AR Rahman . The Times of India . 31 December 2014.
  84. Web site: 'AR Rahman's Kochadaiyaan in the nomination list of OSCAR' . moviecrow . 13 December 2014.
  85. Web site: 29 March 2023 . Kangana Ranaut shares AR Rahman's comments about 'gang in Bollywood working against' him: 'They harass and kill those they see as gifted' . 1 April 2023 . The Indian Express . en.
  86. Web site: Biography . AR Rahman . 12 March 2014.
  87. Web site: AR Rahman gets nominated for three films in 87th Oscar longlist . 15 December 2014 . Firstpost.
  88. Web site: A R Rahman Features Thrice on Oscar Longlist, Sonu Nigam Gets a Spot – NDTV Movies . NDTVMovies.com.
  89. Web site: Rahman Superb Back Ground Music For Vijay Mersal Movie . tupaki. 21 October 2017 .
  90. Web site: Cinema Veeran . The News Minute.
  91. Web site: A Song for India . India Today . 1 September 1997 . 5 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/19990302025128/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/01091997/vande.html . 2 March 1999 .
  92. Allen . John . Uck Lun Chun . Allen Chun . Ned Rossiter . Brian Shoesmith . Refashioning Pop Music in Asia . 67.
  93. Web site: A. R. Rahman: Summary Biography . A. R. Rahman: A Biography . Particularly impressed with Vande Mataram, Jeremy Spencer, formerly of Fleetwood Mac stated that Rahman was the only Indian composer he knew about and liked. . November 2002 . 15 February 2007.
  94. Web site: Indi-pop: Down But Not Out . Salma Khatib . 22 September 2000 . . 28 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100120045620/http://www.screenindia.com/old/20000922/msw.htm . 20 January 2010.
  95. Web site: . The Making of the Jana Gana Mana . 5 April 2011.
  96. Web site: A. R. Rahman: Summary Discography . A. R. Rahman: Complete Discography . November 2002 . 5 April 2011.
  97. News: Nydia Dias . A R Rahman joins hands with Michael Jackson . https://web.archive.org/web/20110604131229/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2001-08-17/mumbai/27247947_1_r-rahman-michael-jackson-mj . 4 June 2011 . 17 August 2001 . . 5 April 2011.
  98. News: Madhur Tankha . Rahman to talk about his Bombay Dreams . https://web.archive.org/web/20120418193356/http://www.hindu.com/2007/08/24/stories/2007082460621100.htm . 18 April 2012 . 24 August 2007 . 5 April 2011 . . Chennai, India.
  99. Web site: A. R. Rahman . Iyer, Vijay . lotr.com . 15 November 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081025124725/http://www.lotr.com/cast_creative/creative_bio_03.php . 25 October 2008 .
  100. News: Mae goes the raga way . https://web.archive.org/web/20050204060417/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2004/11/20/stories/2004112001930200.htm . 4 February 2005 . 20 November 2004 . 5 April 2011 . . Chennai, India.
  101. News: Chander, Bhuvana . . Tamil Cinema . 19 April 2006 . 15 . 24 October 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110720125653/http://www.tamilguardian.com/tg321/p15.pdf . 20 July 2011.
  102. Web site: Unterberger, Richie . [{{AllMusic |class=album |id=r828157 |pure_url=yes}} Introducing A.R. Rahman: Original Soundtracks From the Musical Genius of Indian Cinema ]. . 2006 . 5 April 2011.
  103. News: Listen, it's got Connections . 10 January 2009 . 5 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121109030051/http://www.hindu.com/mp/2009/01/10/stories/2009011052390500.htm . 9 November 2012 . . Chennai, India.
  104. Web site: Doordarshan begins 50th year celebrations with a bang . 10 August 2009 .
  105. News: Indian composer A.R. Rahman to perform at state dinner . The Washington Post . Chris Richards . 24 November 2009.
  106. Web site: Rahman part of historic remake of We are the World . . 4 February 2010 . 5 April 2011 .
  107. News: Gujarat turns 50 in style . https://web.archive.org/web/20110811065909/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2010-05-02/ahmedabad/28319573_1_parsis-garba-kite-festival . 11 August 2011 . 2 May 2010 . . 23 August 2010.
  108. News: Ramya Kannan . I initially wondered how I was going to do it: A.R. Rahman . 16 May 2010 . 5 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100519104248/http://www.hindu.com/2010/05/16/stories/2010051663121500.htm . 19 May 2010 . . Chennai, India.
  109. Web site: Lasyapriya Sundaram . Rahman's CWG theme song finally released . . 28 August 2010 . 5 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20120111223027/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/rahmans-cwg-theme-song-finally-released/129800-3.html . 11 January 2012.
  110. Web site: A.R. Rahman Jai Ho Concert: The Journey Home World Tour . A. R. Rahman Official Website . 30 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100605033832/http://www.arrahmanlive.com/concert/abouttour.html . 5 June 2010.
  111. News: A new level of recognition, legitimacy: Rahman . https://web.archive.org/web/20100407082210/http://www.hindu.com/2010/04/02/stories/2010040262521400.htm . 7 April 2010 . Sarfraz Manzoor . 2 April 2010 . 5 April 2011 . . Chennai, India.
  112. Web site: Bolton Collaborates with Rahman for New Album . 10 May 2011 . . 29 November 2016.
  113. Web site: Rahman's Sajna in Michael Bolton's album . https://web.archive.org/web/20110513085639/http://www.sify.com/movies/rahman-s-sajna-in-michael-bolton-s-album-news-bollywood-lfko4iifeeb.html . 13 May 2011 . . 10 May 2011 . 10 May 2011.
  114. Mick Jagger Forms Supergroup with Dave Stewart, Joss Stone, A R Rahman and Damian Marley . Andy . Greene . . 20 May 2011 . 22 May 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110523052409/http://www.rollingstone.com/music/news/mick-jagger-forms-supergroup-with-dave-stewart-joss-stone-and-damian-marley-20110520 . 23 May 2011 . live.
  115. Mick Jagger's SuperHeavy Supergroup to Drop Album in September . . 23 June 2011 . 3 July 2011.
  116. News: AR Rahman's Punjabi Track To Rock Olympics Inaugural. https://web.archive.org/web/20130518124107/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-06-30/news-and-interviews/32483335_1_london-olympics-olympics-opening-ceremony-punjabi . 18 May 2013 . 30 June 2012 . .
  117. Web site: Qyuki Digital Media . LinkedIn . 1 March 2014.
  118. Web site: Qyuki About Page . Facebook . 1 March 2014.
  119. Web site: A R Rahman Live – Indian Express . The Indian Express.
  120. News: Ramanujam . Srinivasa . Rahman's musical balm for Chennai . 12 February 2016 . The Hindu . 17 January 2016.
  121. Web site: Coimbatore's soul lifts up to 'Nenje Ezhu' of Rahman . The Covai Post . 14 February 2016 . 25 January 2016.
  122. News: Tanvi . P S . Saturday Night Live . 14 February 2016 . The Hindu . 3 February 2016.
  123. News: A.R. Rahman: I think Bollywood movie soundtracks are like a motherless child . 2 August 2018 . The Indian Express . 7 August 2018.
  124. News: Creating harmony with AR Rahman . Gaekwad . Manish . 3 August 2018 . The Hindu . 7 August 2018 . 0971-751X.
  125. Web site: A.R. Rahman Announces New Singing Hunt in Partnership With YouTube Originals and Qyuki - . 21 September 2018.
  126. News: Maruti Suzuki partners with A R Rahman to launch NEXA Music . The Times of India. 16 January 2019 .
  127. Web site: Nexa Music . mynexa.nexaexperience.com.
  128. Web site: Baddhan . Raj . 17 January 2019 . Star Plus confirms February launch date of 'The Voice India' . BizAsia.
  129. Web site: Song check: AR Rahman bangs it out in 'Marvel Anthem' for 'Avengers: Endgame' . 1 April 2019 . Scroll.in . 8 April 2019.
  130. Web site: If you look at the most iconic movies, musicians are all losers: AR Rahman on stigmas around music industry . 9 October 2019 . . 9 October 2019.
  131. News: The Hindu Net Desk . 22 November 2019 . A.R. Rahman and U2 collaborate on new track 'Ahimsa' before band's visit to India . en-IN . The Hindu . 12 November 2021 . 0971-751X.
  132. Viswanathan . T. . Harper Allen . Matthew . Music in South India . 139.
  133. News: AR Rahman posts throwback photo with Ilaiyaraaja and it is unmissable . 4 February 2019 . India Today . 6 January 2021.
  134. Book: Slobin, Mark . Gregory Booth . Joseph Getter . B. Balasubrahmaniyan . Global soundtracks: worlds of film music . Tamil Film Music: Sound and Significance . Wesleyan University Press . 2008 . 108, 125 . USA . 978-0-8195-6881-6.
  135. Through innovations such as these, commentators herald Rahman's work as having "passed the relatively static makeup of Western ensembles such as jazz bands and symphony orchestras and the rigid formula of American pop songs." Book: Todd Titon, Jeff . Linda Fujie . David Locke . David P. McAllester . David P. McAllester . India/South India . Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples . 202–205.
  136. Corliss, Richard . Best Soundtracks – All Time 100 Movies . . 24 February 2008 . 12 February 2005 . https://web.archive.org/web/20080220071222/http://www.time.com/time/2005/100movies/0%2C23220%2Csoundtracks%2C00.html . 20 February 2008 .
  137. Ethan . Smith . 'Slumdog' Remix: The Oscar-winning song 'Jai Ho' is reworked with help from a Pussycat Doll . . 27 February 2009 . 1 March 2009 . https://web.archive.org/web/20090228061839/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB123568984902087603.html . 28 February 2009 . live.
  138. News: Hollywood calling Rahman . 8 December 2009 . . 29 November 2016 . India.
  139. News: A. R. Rahman opens online store . 6 December 2009 . . 3 February 2011 . India.
  140. Culture: The Mozart of Madras . https://web.archive.org/web/20070528081956/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994077,00.html . 28 May 2007 . Richard Corliss . Richard Corliss . 3 May 2004 . Time . 3 February 2010.
  141. Culture: The Mozart of Madras . https://web.archive.org/web/20070528081956/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,994077,00.html . 28 May 2007 . Richard Corliss . Richard Corliss . 3 May 2004 . Time . 3 February 2010.
  142. News: Indian film composer for Rings . 21 October 2003 . 15 November 2008 . BBC.
  143. Web site: Composing a winning score . Das Gupta, Surajeet . Sen, Soumik . . live . https://web.archive.org/web/20081015040951/http://www.rediff.com/money/2002/sep/21bizsp.htm . 15 October 2008 . 15 November 2008.
  144. News: A R Rahman's hit number 'Urvashi Urvashi' inspires Will.i.am's new track . 21 May 2014 . The Indian Express.
  145. I miss him terribly when he's away . . 28 October 2007.
  146. News: AR Rahman's son sings for Hollywood . https://web.archive.org/web/20121104114248/http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-29/news-interviews/28179132_1_ar-rahman-couples-retreat-playback-singer . 4 November 2012 . Vickey Lalwani . India . 29 July 2010 . . 29 July 2009.
  147. Web site: A R Rahman's daughter sings song in Yanthram . Indiaglitz . 29 July 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100730042144/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/telugu/article/58995.html . 30 July 2010 . live.
  148. Web site: Kamala Bhatt . I knew Rahman would go international: Reihana . . 5 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20091016014333/http://www.ndtv.com/convergence/ndtv/Ndtv-Show-Special-story.aspx?ID=5&storyid=NEWEN20090084532 . 16 October 2009.
  149. Web site: AR Rahman spends Ramazan with hearth and home . 9 July 2014 . The Express Tribune . en . 2 April 2020.
  150. Web site: Rahman: I was forced to become a musician . Rediff . en . 2 April 2020.
  151. Web site: co-brother – Wiktionary . en.wiktionary.org . 20 October 2021.
  152. Web site: Actor Rahman's profile . actorrahman.com . 5 April 2011.
  153. Web site: CNN.com – AR Rahman Full Transcript – Apr 12, 2006 . CNN.
  154. News: Interview with Rahman . The Times of India . 23 August 2010.
  155. News: India celebrates Slumdog Millionaire Oscars . The Hindu . 24 February 2009 . 29 November 2016 . Chennai.
  156. News: Front Page: Great composer, greater human feted . https://web.archive.org/web/20090224225225/http://www.hindu.com/2009/02/24/stories/2009022460281200.htm . 24 February 2009 . 24 February 2009 . 23 August 2010 . . Chennai.
  157. News: 16 February 2020 . AR Rahman's daughter Khatija trolled by Taslima Nasreen for wearing burqa, replies 'Google up what true feminism means' . 23 March 2022 . Hindustan Times . en.
  158. The Billboard Q and A: Yusuf Islam . Williamson . Nigel . 17 November 2006 . Interview with Yusuf Islam; Return to Music . . 5 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130414034908/http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/56622/the-billboard-qa-yusuf-islam . 14 April 2013.
  159. Web site: A.R. Rahman Hollywood Bowl . www.hollywoodbowl.com . 4 August 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160904235904/http://www.hollywoodbowl.com/philpedia/ar-rahman . 4 September 2016 .
  160. Web site: Rahman's music conservatory in June . . https://web.archive.org/web/20081218060027/http://www.screenindia.com/news/Rahmans-music-conservatory-in-June/285836/ . 18 December 2008.
  161. News: Briefly Tamil Cinema . . 19 April 2006 . 30 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160303230719/http://www.tamilguardian.com/print.asp?articleid=602 . 3 March 2016.
  162. News: Sudhish Kamath . Netru, Indru, Nalai is back with a bang . . 31 January 2006 . 5 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110512182634/http://www.hindu.com/2006/01/31/stories/2006013102720200.htm . 12 May 2011 . Chennai, India.
  163. Web site: Rahman advocates free hugs for peace . . 15 December 2008 . 5 April 2011.
  164. News: A.R. Rahman launches collaborative project to curate and celebrate the sounds of Tamil Nadu . Staff Reporter . 7 January 2020 . The Hindu . 9 January 2020 . en-IN . 0971-751X.
  165. Web site: Oscar-winning Composer A.R. Rahman to Perform Benefit Concert at Pratham's New York Gala . Reporter . India-West Staff . India West . en . 25 April 2020 . 8 March 2021 . https://web.archive.org/web/20210308090135/https://www.indiawest.com/news/global_indian/oscar-winning-composer-a-r-rahman-to-perform-benefit-concert-at-pratham-s-new-york/article_273da1fc-d6a9-11e9-8219-5bb963b532d9.html . dead .
  166. Web site: Our long time dream of performing #Sufimusic for human causes came true with this wonderful opportunity with #Pratham at #NewYork #Cipriani..Thank you for being respectful and extremely generous with the cause today.pic.twitter.com/HFnFhVSbaW . A.R.Rahman . 14 September 2019 . @arrahman . en . 25 April 2020.
  167. Web site: 14 November 2018 . After Mersal, Vijay, Atlee, AR Rahman reunite for Thalapathy 63, target Diwali 2019 release . live . 16 January 2022 . Firstpost . en . https://web.archive.org/web/20181218102254/https://www.firstpost.com/entertainment/after-mersal-vijay-atlee-ar-rahman-reunite-for-thalapathy-63-target-diwali-2019-release-5550451.html . 18 December 2018.
  168. Web site: 14 November 2018 . AGS Entertainment, Atlee, AR Rahman join together for Vijay's 'Thalapathy 63' . 16 January 2022 . The News Minute . en.
  169. News: Entertainment desk . AR Rahman shoots for a cameo in Mohanlal's Aaraattu . 13 April 2021 . . 22 March 2021.
  170. Web site: 22 March 2021 . Mohanlal, AR Rahman team up for Aaraattu song . Malayala Manorama.
  171. News: AR Rahman all set to present upcoming film 'Atkan Chatkan' on ZEE5 . The Economic Times.
  172. Web site: Chatterjee . Suprateek . 5 August 2015 . AR Rahman Has Turned Scriptwriter For His Home Production '99 Songs' . 10 March 2016 . The Huffington Post.
  173. Web site: 99 songs: AR Rahman's musical drama to be screened at Busan International Film Festival on 9 October- Entertainment News . 26 September 2019 . Firstpost.
  174. News: AR Rahman on wearing the director's hat for Le Musk: Filmmaking is a tough job but I loved it . . 6 May 2017 . Samarpita . Das . 15 July 2020.
  175. Web site: AR Rahman gears up for his directorial debut Le Musk . asianage.com/ . 6 May 2017 . 20 October 2019.
  176. News: 'One Heart' review: Filled with music . Ramanujam . Srinivasa . 7 September 2017 . The Hindu . 17 April 2018 . en-IN . 0971-751X.
  177. News: One Heart review: The music almost makes this concert movie worthwhile . https://web.archive.org/web/20180418032631/http://www.newindianexpress.com/entertainment/review/2017/sep/09/one-heart-review-the-music-almost-makes-this-concert-movie-worthwhile-1654268--2.html . dead . 18 April 2018 . The New Indian Express . 17 April 2018.
  178. Web site: 1 September 1997 . A Song for India . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/19990302025128/http://www.india-today.com/itoday/01091997/vande.html . 2 March 1999 . 18 February 2011 . India Today.
  179. Saraswathy Nagarajan. "Music my passion, my pension". The Hindu. 18 February 2011.
  180. Web site: Rahman's music for Nokia users . 18 February 2011 . Radioandmusic.com.
  181. Web site: 'Jai Ho! (You Are My Destiny)' Music Video . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20090321014151/http://www.mtv.com/videos/pussycat-dolls/354316/jai-ho-you-are-my-destiny.jhtml#artist=1841713 . 21 March 2009 . 18 February 2011 . MTV . Viacom.
  182. News: Meera Srinivasan . 14 May 2010 . Tamil meet anthem, audio-visual treat . 18 February 2011 . The Hindu.
  183. News: 16 September 2010 . CWG theme song tweaked, to be peppier like 'Chake De' . 18 February 2011 . Deccan Herald.
  184. Web site: 19 January 2011 . A. R. Rahman's Changing Seasons – A Revival . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20110121075814/http://www.indiaglitz.com/channels/hindi/article/63220.html . 21 January 2011 . 18 February 2011 . IndiaGlitz.
  185. News: 18 February 2011 . Exclusive: Dido and A.R. Rahman's 'If I Rise' Video . 18 February 2011 . The Wall Street Journal.
  186. Web site: The golden boy of Indian music A R Rahman turns 44 . . Times Now . 6 January 2010 . 5 April 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20140924045000/http://www.timesnow.tv/articleshow/4335762.cms . 24 September 2014 .
  187. Web site: Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan, Padma Shri awardees . https://archive.today/20130103022618/http://www.hinduonnet.com/thehindu/2000/01/27/stories/02270005.htm . usurped . 3 January 2013 . The Hindu . 26 January 2000 . 5 April 2011.
  188. Web site: Prakash, B.S. . Stanford University honours A R Rahman . Rediff.com . 6 July 2006 . 16 December 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081207032524/http://www.rediff.com/news/2006/jul/06bsp.htm . 7 December 2008 . live.
  189. Web site: Limca Book of records felicitates A.R. Rahman . Radioandmusic.com . 5 April 2011.
  190. Web site: 66th Annual Golden Globe Awards . IMDb . 12 December 2008 . https://web.archive.org/web/20081214041722/http://www.imdb.com/features/rto/2009/globes . 14 December 2008 . live.
  191. News: More laurels for Rahman . 2 April 2009 . The Hindu . 29 November 2016 . Chennai.
  192. News: Rahman to be awarded honorary doctorate . 3 March 2009 . The Hindu . 29 November 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20121103230113/http://www.hindu.com/holnus/009200903030131.htm . 3 November 2012.
  193. News: India's A.R. Rahman strikes Grammys gold . . 2010 . 1 February 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20100204030253/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hGgeRMlZ8ASQ9a-5v5AnbvmL0K9Q . 4 February 2010 . dead.
  194. News: Padma Bhushan for Rahman, Aamir; Segal gets Padma Vibhushan . 29 November 2016 . Hindustan Times.
  195. News: 127 Hours gets AR Rahman 2 Oscar nominations . Daily News and Analysis . India . 25 January 2011 . 25 January 2011.
  196. News: Rahman gets BAFTA nomination for 127 Hours . Hindustan Times . . India . 18 January 2011 . 18 January 2011 . https://web.archive.org/web/20110119101911/http://www.hindustantimes.com/Rahman-gets-BAFTA-nomination-for-127-Hours/Article1-651823.aspx . 19 January 2011 .
  197. Web site: The 68th Annual Golden Globe Award . . 14 December 2010 . 14 December 2010 . https://web.archive.org/web/20101225113948/http://www.goldenglobes.org/blog/2010/12/the-68th-annual-golden-globe-awards-nominations . 25 December 2010 .
  198. Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: Ashanti Omkar, A.R. Rahman . A.R Rahman interview 2010 part 1 – Vinnaithandi Varuvaayaa (VTV) – Thai Pongal special . Web interview . Thamarai.com . London, UK . 13 January 2010.
  199. Web site: Hirsch . Mark . With Berklee Honorary Degree, A.R. Rahman Comes Full Circle . . 29 October 2014.
  200. Web site: Bollywood Cinema News – Bollywood Movie Reviews – Bollywood Movie Trailers – IndiaGlitz Bollywood . https://web.archive.org/web/20140812210144/http://www.indiaglitz.com/hindi . dead . 12 August 2014 . IndiaGlitz.com.
  201. Web site: Now a street named after AR Rahman in Canada . 6 November 2013 . 6 November 2013 . Firstpost.com . 27 November 2013.
  202. Web site: A.R. Rahman – Mobile Uploads Facebook . www.facebook.com . 8 October 2015.
  203. Web site: AR Rahman appointed as the Brand Ambassador of Sikkim . 20 June 2018 . The Indian Express . 20 September 2019.
  204. Web site: Zee Cine Awards Tamil 2020 was a grand affair! . https://web.archive.org/web/20200107223714/https://www.sify.com/movies/zee-cine-awards-tamil-2020-was-a-grand-affair-imagegallery-kollywood-ubho6zdafcife.html . dead . 7 January 2020 . . en . 9 January 2020.
  205. News: A. R. Rahman named in Songlines Tomorrow's World Music Icons' . . 24 August 2011.
  206. Web site: The Muslim 500: Allah Rakha Rahman . en-US . 14 April 2020.
  207. News: Times of India on 22 most influential Muslims in India . . 12 October 2015 . en-US . 14 April 2020.
  208. Web site: I.I.M.U.N. Board of Advisors . 17 July 2021 . new.iimun.in.

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