The All Nighter is a night bus service network in the San Francisco Bay Area, California. Portions of the service shadow the rapid transit and commuter rail services of BART and Caltrain, which are the major rail services between San Francisco, the East Bay, the Peninsula, and San Jose. Neither BART nor Caltrain operate owl service due to overnight track maintenance; the All Nighter network helps fill in this service gap. The slogan is, "Now transit stays up as late as you do!"
The service launched initially in December 2005, and fully launched on March 19, 2006.[1] [2] BART performs overnight maintenance on its tracks, which requires the agency to shut down third rail power. Since there are no redundant BART lines, service is discontinued during maintenance hours. BART and Caltrain riders who previously faced uncoordinated substitute bus transit service after midnight can now take advantage of the coordinated All Nighter bus service.
The service is operated by AC Transit, Muni, SamTrans, and VTA.[3] The agencies have a network of timed transfers, and half-hourly weekend service was implemented between downtown San Francisco and several BART stations along the Richmond and Fremont lines.[4] More frequent weekend service was later implemented as the Late Night Bus Pilot Program, funded by BART's operating budget, after a 2011 study concluded that shifting BART hours to stay open later but also start service later on weekends would adversely impact low-income and minority workers who rely on BART for their commute.
AC Transit Route 800 operates along Market Street in San Francisco; this is the first AC Transit route to operate anywhere within San Francisco beyond the Transbay Terminal.[5] On weekends, Route 800 is extended to 24th and Mission.
VTA Route 22, which runs all day, carries approximately 20% of all VTA bus riders. The late night Route 22 has earned the nickname "Hotel 22" for the homeless that form the majority of riders for the overnight runs.[6] In January 2019, VTA proposed cutting service on Route 22 between 1 a.m. and 4 a.m. to help close a budget deficit.[7] In April, the agency recommended continuing overnight service, but working with other agencies to redirect homeless riders to shelters.[8]
The service is funded by Regional Measure 2 (RM2), which voters approved in 2004.[9] The measure increased tolls by $1 on state-owned bridges in the Bay Area.
Overnight transit service throughout the Bay Area predated the All Nighter initiative. Overnight service has consistently operated within San Francisco, but service outside of San Francisco has been inconsistent, rising and falling with the financial fortunes of the various transit agencies.
24-hour service was one of the issues considered in the Metropolitan Transportation Commission's 2001 Lifeline Network study, which detailed the transportation needs of economically disadvantaged individuals.[13]
The All Nighter service initially included County Connection Route 820, which operated between downtown Oakland and central Contra Costa County.[14] This route was discontinued effective December 28, 2008 due to budgetary problems and low ridership.[15] [16] [17] [18] Route 820 operated between downtown Oakland and Concord BART.
WHEELS Route 810 was another initial service offering which operated between Bay Fair BART in San Leandro and Livermore via Dublin/Pleasanton BART. Route 810 was discontinued effective June 27, 2009 due to budgetary problems and low ridership.[19]
Additional service from Bay Fair BART to Castro Valley BART via AC Transit Route 880 was discontinued effective March 28, 2010 due to that agency's budgetary problems. Route 880 operated between Bay Fair BART and Castro Valley BART.
Weekend service to Pittsburg/Bay Point BART via AC Transit Line 822 was introduced as a one-year pilot program in December 2014;[20] it was discontinued one year later effective December 20, 2015 due to low ridership. Line 822 operated weekends from San Francisco to Pittsburg/Bay Point BART via Oakland, Pleasant Hill BART and Walnut Creek BART.
In April 2014, Supervisor Scott Wiener formed the Late Night Transportation Working Group to study options for improved public transportation in and around San Francisco.[21] In September, the Working Group announced that BART would test more frequent service for AC Transit route 800, cutting headways from 30 to 20 minutes, and introduce service from San Francisco to Pittsburg/Bay Point BART via a new AC Transit route 822.[22]
Service in Contra Costa and Alameda counties (including Alameda, Berkeley, Fremont, Hayward, Oakland, Richmond and San Leandro) is provided by AC Transit. AC Transit also operates Transbay service to and from San Francisco over the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge.
Service in San Francisco is provided by the San Francisco Municipal Railway. Service on the Peninsula is provided by SamTrans in San Mateo County with connections to San Francisco and Palo Alto. Service in the South Bay is provided by the VTA in Santa Clara County between Palo Alto and San Jose.
All Nighter service generally operates daily between midnight and 5 a.m. AC Transit's Transbay service operates until 6 a.m. on Saturdays and 8 a.m. on Sundays and designated holidays to correspond with the times BART is not operating.
The All Nighter network has two primary pulse transfer points where routes are coordinated to meet and provide direct transfers between agencies.[23]
Secondary timed transfer points are located at seven different locations in San Francisco. The transfer point between SamTrans and VTA is near the Transit Center, which connects SamTrans route 397 with VTA route 22; the routes are not coordinated.
The All-Nighter network operates primarily in dense areas centered on Oakland and San Francisco. No overnight service is provided to several parts of the Bay Area:
Among the major bridges crossing the Bay, only the San Francisco Bay Bridge has All Nighter service, connecting San Francisco and Oakland.
The All Nighter network officially consists of 20 bus routes.[24]
BART shadow service is provided by AC Transit routes 800 (between San Francisco and Richmond) and 801 (between Oakland and Fremont) in the East Bay, Muni route 14 in San Francisco (between Embarcadero and Daly City), and SamTrans route ECR on the Peninsula (between Daly City and San Francisco International Airport). Caltrain shadow service is provided by VTA route 22 (between Palo Alto and San Jose) and SamTrans route 397 (between San Francisco and Palo Alto, including stops at SFO).
AllNighter service to San Francisco International Airport is provided by both SamTrans route ECR (operating on a shortened route to Daly City, where it connects with Muni) and SamTrans route 397. Service to Oakland International Airport is provided by AC Transit routes 73 and 805.
| Route | Communities served | |
|---|---|---|
| — San Francisco | ||
| L Taraval Owl | Downtown, Civic Center, Castro, Twin Peaks, Forest Hill, West Portal, Parkside, Ocean Beach | |
| N Judah Owl | South of Market, South Beach, Downtown, Civic Center, Duboce Triangle, Haight, Inner Sunset, Outer Sunset, Ocean Beach | |
| 5 Fulton | Civic Center, Fillmore, NoPa, Inner Richmond, Outer Richmond, Ocean Beach | |
| 14 Mission | South of Market, Mission District, Bernal Heights, Excelsior, Daly City | |
| 22 Fillmore | Marina, Cow Hollow, Pacific Heights, Fillmore, Mission District, Potrero Hill, Dogpatch | |
| 24 Divisadero | Castro, Noe Valley, Bernal Heights | |
| 25 Treasure Island | Transbay Terminal, Treasure Island | |
| 38 Geary | Transbay Terminal, Downtown, Union Square, Tenderloin, Western Addition, Japantown, Laurel Heights, Inner Richmond, Outer Richmond | |
| 44 O'Shaughnessy | Bayview, Bernal Heights, Diamond Heights, Excelsior, Glen Park, Golden Gate Park, Inner Richmond, Inner Sunset, Outer Mission, Presidio, Presidio Heights, Twin Peaks, West of Twin Peaks | |
| 48 Quintara/24th Street | Dogpatch, Potrero Hill, Mission East, Southeast Mission, West Mission, Juri Commons, Fair Oaks, Central Noe Valley, Upper Noe | |
| 90 San Bruno Owl | Marina, Civic Center, South of Market, Mission District, Portola, Visitacion Valley | |
| 91 3rd Street/19th Avenue Owl | Parkmerced, Parkside, Sunset, Richmond, Marina, Fisherman's Wharf, North Beach, Chinatown, Downtown, SoMa, Dogpatch, Bayview, Visitacion Valley, Excelsior, Ingleside, St. Francis Wood, West Portal | |
| — East Bay | ||
| 1T | International (Oakland, San Leandro) | |
| 73 | 73rd/Hegenberger (Oakland, Oakland International Airport) | |
| 376 | El Cerrito, Richmond, San Pablo, Pinole | |
| 800 | San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Albany, El Cerrito, Richmond | |
| 801 | International/Mission (Oakland, San Leandro, Hayward, Union City, Fremont) | |
| 802 | San Pablo (Oakland, Emeryville, Berkeley, Berkeley Amtrak) | |
| 805 | MacArthur (Oakland, Oakland International Airport) | |
| 840 | Foothill (Oakland) | |
| 851 | Alameda, Oakland, Berkeley | |
| — Peninsula | ||
| 397 | San Francisco, Brisbane, South San Francisco, San Francisco International Airport, Millbrae, Burlingame, San Mateo, Belmont, San Carlos, Redwood City, East Palo Alto, Palo Alto | |
| ECR OWL | Daly City, Colma, South San Francisco, San Bruno, San Francisco International Airport | |
The initial service providers for the All Nighter service in 2006 were AC Transit, Muni, SamTrans, County Connection, and Wheels.[25] Most headways were 60 minutes, with the exception of Muni (30 minutes except 45 minutes on the 25-Treasure Island) and AC Transit (30 minutes on weekend routes 800 and 801).[26]
| Route | Communities served | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| — East Bay | |||
| 800 | San Francisco—Richmond via Oakland, Berkeley, Albany, El Cerrito | ||
| 801 | Oakland—Fremont via San Leandro, Hayward, Union City, Fremont | ||
| 802 | Oakland—Berkeley via Emeryville | ||
| 805 | Oakland—Oakland International Airport | ||
| 840 | Oakland—Eastmont | ||
| 851 | Alameda—Berkeley via Oakland | ||
| — San Francisco | |||
| L Taraval Owl | Downtown, Civic Center, Castro, Twin Peaks, Forest Hill, West Portal, Parkside, Ocean Beach | ||
| N Judah Owl | South of Market, South Beach, Downtown, Civic Center, Duboce Triangle, Haight, Inner Sunset, Outer Sunset, Ocean Beach | ||
| 5 Fulton | Civic Center, Fillmore, NoPa, Inner Richmond, Outer Richmond, Ocean Beach | ||
| 14 Mission | South of Market, Mission District, Bernal Heights, Excelsior, Daly City | ||
| 22 Fillmore | Marina, Cow Hollow, Pacific Heights, Fillmore, Mission District, Potrero Hill, Dogpatch | ||
| 24 Divisadero | Castro, Noe Valley, Bernal Heights | ||
| 25 Treasure Island | Transbay Terminal, Treasure Island | ||
| 38 Geary | Transbay Terminal, Downtown, Union Square, Tenderloin, Western Addition, Japantown, Laurel Heights, Inner Richmond, Outer Richmond | ||
| 90 San Bruno Owl | Marina, Civic Center, South of Market, Mission District, Portola, Visitacion Valley | ||
| 91 3rd Street/19th Avenue Owl | Parkmerced, Parkside, Sunset, Richmond, Marina, Fisherman's Wharf, North Beach, Chinatown, Downtown, SoMa, Dogpatch, Bayview, Visitacion Valley, Excelsior, Ingleside, St. Francis Wood, West Portal | ||
| — Peninsula | |||
| 397 | San Francisco—Palo Alto via Brisbane, South San Francisco, San Francisco International Airport, Millbrae, Burlingame, San Mateo, Belmont, San Carlos, Redwood City, East Palo Alto | ||
| — Contra Costa County | |||
| 820 | Oakland—Concord via Orinda, Lafayette, Walnut Creek, Pleasant Hill | ||
| — Alameda County | |||
| 810 | San Leandro—Livermore via Bay Fair, Dublin, Pleasanton | ||