All-source intelligence explained

All-source intelligence is a term used to describe intelligence organizations, intelligence analysts, or intelligence products that are based on all available sources of intelligence collection information.^{[1] [2]}

History

The definition of all-source intelligence has changed over time. The distinction between intelligence that is single source and that which uses multiple sources has become outmoded. Intelligence analysts that produced intelligence primarily from SIGINT or IMINT, for instance, were considered single-INT producers. Because of the need to incorporate all-relevant information in reporting, IMINT analysts became GEOINT analysts that include not only IMINT but relevant information from other intelligence sources. This was especially important in the aftermath of the 9/11 intelligence failures. In the aftermath of these events, collaborative tools such as A-Space and Intellipedia are used for collaboration amongst all members of the Intelligence Community.^[3]

Sources

Sources considered for use in all-source intelligence analysis include the following:

• HUMINT
• MASINT
• SIGINT
• IMINT or more broadly Geospatial intelligence
• OSINT
• TECHINT

Organizations

The following organizational components of the U.S. Intelligence Community employ analysts that produce all-source intelligence:^[4]

• Central Intelligence Agency Directorate of Analysis^[5]
• Defense Intelligence Agency Directorate for Analysis^[6]
• United States Army Intelligence and Security Command's National Ground Intelligence Center
• Office of Naval Intelligence's Farragut Technical Analysis Center^[7]
• U.S. Air Force's National Air and Space Intelligence Center^[8]
• U.S Marine Corps Intelligence's Marine Corps Intelligence Activity^[9]
• United States Department of State's Bureau of Intelligence and Research
• National Security Agency (select components)
  • National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency Federal Bureau of Investigation's Intelligence Branch
• United States Coast Guard's Coast Guard Intelligence
• DHS Office of Intelligence and Analysis
• United States Department of Treasury's Office of Terrorism and Financial Intelligence
• Drug Enforcement Administration's DEA Office of National Security Intelligence
• United States Department of Energy's Office of Intelligence and Counterintelligence
• Office of the Director of National Intelligence

National Counterproliferation Center (NCPC), National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), National Intelligence Council (NIC), Office of the National Counterintelligence Executive (ONCIX)

References

• Book: Boris Giannetto. 2020. All-Source Intelligence: Reshaping an old Tool for Future Challenges. Security Affairs.
• Book: Lowenthal, Mark M.. Intelligence: From Secrets to Policy. Washington, DC: CQ Press. 2009. 38, 125, 139.
• Book: Russell, Richard L.. Achieving AllSource Fusion in the Intelligence Community. Loch K. Johnson . Handbook of Intelligence (New York: Routledge, 2009). 189–198.

Notes and References

1. Web site: All-source intelligence. September 1, 2019. USLegal.com.
2. Book: Joint Publication 1-02, Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. U.S. Department of Defense. February 15, 2013. September 1, 2019. February 9, 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170209184834/http://usacac.army.mil/sites/default/files/misc/doctrine/CDG/cdg_resources/manuals/jps/jp1_02.pdf. dead.
3. Book: A Guide to All-source Analysis. Fingar, Thomas. September 1, 2019. 19. 1. 2012. Journal of Intelligence Studies.
4. See individual articles for detailed references about all-source missions
5. Web site: CIA Directorate of Analysis. September 1, 2019. CIA. May 27, 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100527090150/https://www.cia.gov/offices-of-cia/intelligence-analysis/index.html. dead.
6. Web site: DIA Analysis and Counterintelligence. September 1, 2019. DIA.
7. Web site: Farragut Technical Analysis Center. ONI. September 1, 2019.
8. Providing Invaluable Intelligence – A Brief History of the National Air and Space Intelligence Center. NASIC_history.pdf.
9. Web site: A Brief History of Headquarters Marine Corps Organization. 1970. United States Marine Corps. 1 December 2016.