| Alice Kitchin | |
| Birth Date: | 19 February 1873 |
| Birth Place: | Amherst, Victoria, Australia |
| Death Place: | Chelsea, Victoria, Australia |
| Placeofburial: | Melbourne Cemetery |
| Allegiance: | Australia |
| Branch: | Australian Imperial Force |
| Serviceyears: | 1914–1919 |
| Rank: | Sister |
| Unit: | Australian Army Nursing Service |
| Battles: | First World War |
Alice Elizabeth Barrett Kitchin (19 February 1873 – 17 June 1950)[1] was an Australian nurse who served in the First World War with the Australian Army Nursing Service.
Kitchin was born in Amherst, Victoria, near Ballarat on 19 February 1873 to parents Barret Kitchin and Mary Ann (Conway). Kitchin had five siblings – William (1872–1872), Albert Henry (1874–5), Mary Ann (1876–1946), Louisa (1879–1898) and Margaret (1878–1966). After William died in 1879, Mary Ann with her surviving children moved to Melbourne. Kitchin's mother was unwell, and largely cared for by Alice, along with her nursing study and duties.[2] By 1905 Kitchin, her mother and sisters Mary Ann and Margaret were living at 337 Sydney Road Brunswick, the sisters’ dressmakers’ shop.[3] The sisters participated in the social activities of the Shamrock Club, Alice and 5 other early enlistees being farewelled from there in 1914.[4] Mary Ann died in 1929, and the three sisters had moved to Alençon, Point Nepean Road, Edithvale by 1936,[5] with Margaret and Mary Ann continuing as dressmakers. Alice died at Chelsea in June 1950 and is buried in Melbourne Cemetery.[6]
Kitchin studied nursing at the Royal Melbourne Hospital, gaining her certificate in 1899 and registration in 1901. She studied for a further qualification on infectious diseases in 1906.[7] The Australian Army Nursing Service Reserve was formed in 1902 to provide volunteer civilian nurses in the event of a national emergency, and Kitchin joined them in 1907.
Enlisting as a nursing sister with the Australian Imperial Force on 26 September 1914, and was posted to No. 1 Australian General Hospital.[8] She sailed with five other nurses: Mary Finlay, Evelyn Conyers, Jane Lempriere, Hilda Ridderwold Samsing, and Jessie McHardy White.[9]
The nurses sailed with the 8th Battalion aboard HMAT Benalla on 19 October 1914, arriving in Egypt on 4 December. Kitchin ended up nursing many men of the 8th as the battalion fought at Gallipoli and later in France.
Kitchin's first role was at No. 2 Australian General Hospital at Mena, 12 miles east of Cairo at the foot of the pyramids, under the direction of Sister Nellie Gould. Moving to No. 1 Australian General Hospital at the Palace Hotel Heliopolis in February 1915, under Matron Jane Bell, a colleague from Kitchin's days at Melbourne Hospital. At the end of April, after the Gallipoli offensive, wounded soldiers began to arrive in Alexandria. Kitchin wrote of her experience:
In May 1915, Matron Bell offered Kitchin and Hilda Samsing the opportunity to travel back to Australia with convalescent patients. They declined the offer and requested instead a posting to a hospital ship, transporting wounded soldiers away from the front.[10] On 7 June the pair heard that they were to join the medical crew on HS Gascon. Gascon ferried wounded soldiers between the Gallipoli Peninsula, field hospitals and permanent hospitals. Kitchin wrote at this time: After the evacuation from Gallipoli in December 1915, Kitchin returned to nursing in Cairo at Heliopolis.
Kitchin was transferred to Boulogne, France, in April 1916 to No. 2 Australian General Hospital, and later to Rouen and casualty clearing stations. After living through the heat of a Mediterranean summer – a bitterly cold European winter meant the thick woollen uniforms so oppressive in Egypt – and the source of conflict with the hierarchy[11] were welcome in France. Kitchin was admitted with bronchitis to hospital in Rouen in December 1916, and was then evacuated to England on HMHS Aberdonian in January 1917.
Once recovered, Kitchin served at Harefield and Dartford with No. 1 Australian Auxiliary Hospital. Harefield was a hospital for soldiers who had been permanently incapacitated by their injuries. A persistent cough saw her spend further time at St Alban's Convalescent Home for Australian Nurses in February 1918.[12]
Kitchin noted in her diary on 19 October 1917 – "3 years since we left home – it sometimes seems like 3 centuries ago."[13] On 21 March 1918 the German army launched the Spring Offensive, designed to drive a wedge between the French and British armies on the Western Front, before American troops entered the war. Of this time, Kitchen wrote:
After the armistice, Kitchin successfully applied for education leave to attend a course at the Royal Sanitary Institute in Buckingham Palace Road. To return home, Kitchin joined the nursing staff aboard HS Kanowna, arriving back in Melbourne on 23 October 1919.