| Alexey Razumovsky | |
| Native Name: | instead.--> |
| Term Start: | 1810 |
| Term End: | 1816 |
| Birth Date: | September 23, 1748[1] |
| Death Date: | April 4, 1822 (aged 73) |
| Spouse: | Varvara Sheremeteva (1750–1824) |
| Children: | Antony Pogorelsky,[2] Anna Perovskaya, Olga Perovskaya, Nikolay Perovsky, Varvara Repnina–Volkonskaya, Lev Perovsky, Ekaterina Razumovskaya |
Count Alexey Kirillovich Razumovsky (September 23, 1748 – April 4, 1822) was a Russian[3] statesman from the Razumovsky Family. Son of Count Kirill Razumovsky from a marriage with Yekaterina Naryshkina, brother of Andrey Razumovsky; son–in–law of Count Peter Sheremetev (from 1774), father–in–law of Sergey Uvarov (from 1811).[3]
Acting Chamberlain (1775), Senator (1776–1807), Minister of Public Education (1810–1816). Active Privy Councillor (1807). The builder of the Gorenki Estate near Moscow and the Palace on the Yauza. The ancestor of the Perovsky nobles: father of Antony Pogorelsky, grandfather of Alexey Tolstoy, great–grandfather of Sophia Perovskaya.
The eldest son of Count Kirill Razumovsky, the last Hetman of the Zaporozhye Army. He received a thorough education: a special "institute" was set up for him with his brothers, in which Schlözer first introduced the teaching of statistics, under the name "Knowledge of Own Fatherland"; later he attended lectures at the University of Strasbourg. At first, he carried out only court service, in 1775, he was awarded the rank of acting chamberlain.
On June 27, 1786, he was appointed senator with the promotion to privy councillors. In 1795, due to a disagreement to approve the law proposed by the empress, Razumovsky resigned.
He re–entered service only in 1807. On November 2, 1807, Razumovsky was appointed a trustee of Moscow University, which, with the advice of his advice, entrusted him with the guardianship of the Moscow Educational District, and was promoted to Active Privy Councillors. In this position, he held a decree on the election of a rector for three years (instead of one year) and patronized the Society of Nature Experts, on whose behalf he formed an expedition to study the Moscow Governorate.
On January 1, 1810, Razumovsky was appointed Minister of Public Education and a member of the State Council. In the first two years of his activity, 72 parish schools, 24 district schools, several gymnasiums and other educational institutions were opened in this position; improved teaching; increased supervision over foreign educators; several scientific societies were opened; the first Department of Slavic Literature was established at Moscow University. With the personal assistance of Razumovsky, the charter of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum was developed and on October 19, 1811, it was opened.
Honorary Member of Moscow University (1812).[4]
After 1812, he considerably cooled down to the service and for the last two years did not do business at all.
Being, before his appointment as minister, a member of the Masonic lodge and follower of Osip Pozdeev, with whom he had a long correspondence (it was published by Alexander Vasilchikov in his book "The Razumovsky Family"), since 1814, Razumovsky fell under the influence of the Jesuits and, mainly, the famous Count Joseph de Maistre. The latter "literally disposed of him, dictated what should be taught to Russians and what not to be taught"; at his direction, the Greek language, archaeology, natural history, astronomy, chemistry and the history of philosophical systems were thrown out of the original program of the Lyceum, as "not illuminating the mind with useful truths, but darkening with delusions and bewilderments". Introduced theology as the main discipline in all educational institutions. Under the influence of the same de Maistre, Razumovsky introduced new censorship restrictions and began a struggle with the Vilna Trustee Adam Czartoryski for the Russification of the Western Region of Russia, of which de Maistre was a supporter. The failure in the fight against Czartoryski and the government's mistrust of the Jesuits forced Razumovsky to ask for resignation from the post of Minister and member of the State Council, which was given to him on August 10, 1816.
For the first two years after that, Razumovsky lived in Moscow and at his estate near Moscow, Gorenki, where he had a botanical garden, which until the 1830s was considered one of the wonders of Moscow. From 1816, he lived in Little Russia, in the town of Pochep, Mglinsky District, where he died. He was buried in the ancestral crypt, but then reburied in the Transfiguration Church of Novgorod–Seversky. According to Vigel, all the sons of Hetman Kirill Razumovsky "were stuffed with French literature, clothed in foreign forms, considered themselves Russian Montmorency, were amiable at court and intolerable outside of it aristocrats". To this, Prince Alexander Vasilchikov adds that the eldest of them, Alexey, was "an exorbitant pride ... and stern in the circle of his family".
Razumovsky was married on February 23, 1774, to one of the richest brides in Russia, Varvara Sheremeteva (January 2, 1750 – May 27, 1824), the second daughter of General–in–Chief Count Pyotr Sheremetev. Around 1784, at the request of her husband, Varvara Petrovna left her family and lived alone in her own house in Moscow – in 1796 a house on Maroseyka (No. 2) was completed. In marriage they had three daughters and two sons.
Having got rid of his legal wife, Aleksey Kirillovich settled in his bourgeois woman Marya Sobolevskaya.[6] He had ten illegitimate children, delicately called "pupils" (five sons and five daughters) – Perovskys.[7]