| Alexey Chernyshyov | |
| Native Name Lang: | ru |
| Office: | Senator from Orenburg Oblast |
| Term Start: | 2010 |
| Term End: | 2014 |
| Office1: | 2nd Governor of Orenburg Oblast |
| Predecessor1: | Vladimir Yelagin |
| Successor1: | Yury Berg |
| Term Start1: | 29 December 1999 |
| Term End1: | 15 June 2010 |
| Office2: | Member of the State Duma |
| Constituency2: | Buzuluk |
| Term Start2: | January 1994 |
| Term End2: | December 1999 |
| Birth Date: | 29 March 1939 |
| Birth Place: | Rybkino, Novosergiyevsky District, Chkalov Oblast, RSFSR, Soviet Union |
| Party: | Agrarian Party of Russia Communist Party United Russia |
| Nationality: | Russian |
Alexey Andreyevich Chernyshyov (Russian: Алексе́й Андре́евич Чернышёв; born 29 March 1939) is a Russian politician who served as the 2nd Governor of Orenburg Oblast, Russia. He is a member of the Agrarian Party of Russia. He became the head of the oblast government in 1999. Chernyshyov is active in promoting Russia-Kazakhstan trade as Orenburg Oblast shares a long border with Kazakhstan.