| Alexander Mikhaylovich Butlerov | |
| Birth Date: | 15 September 1828 |
| Birth Place: | Chistopol, Kazan Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Nationality: | Russian |
| Death Place: | Butlerovka, Kazan Governorate, Russian Empire |
| Field: | Chemistry |
| Work Institution: | University of St. Petersburg, Kazan State University |
| Alma Mater: | Kazan State University |
| Doctoral Advisor: | Nikolay Zinin |
| Doctoral Students: | Alexey Yevgrafovich Favorsky, Vladimir Markovnikov, Alexander Mikhaylovich Zaytsev, Alexander Nikiforovich Popov |
| Known For: | discovery of formaldehyde and hexamine |
Alexander Mikhaylovich Butlerov (Russian: Алекса́ндр Миха́йлович Бу́тлеров; 15 September 1828 - 17 August 1886) was a Russian chemist, one of the principal creators of the theory of chemical structure (1857 - 1861), the first to incorporate double bonds into structural formulas, the discoverer of hexamine (1859), the discoverer of formaldehyde (1859) and the discoverer of the formose reaction (1861). He first proposed the idea of possible tetrahedral arrangement of valence bonds in carbon compounds in 1862.
Butlerov was born into a landowning family.
The crater Butlerov on the Moon is named after him.