Alex Mooney Explained

Alex Mooney
State:West Virginia
Term Start:January 3, 2015
Predecessor:Shelley Moore Capito
Office1:Chair of the Maryland Republican Party
Term Start1:December 11, 2010
Term End1:March 1, 2013[1]
Preceded1:Audrey Scott[2]
Successor1:Diana Waterman[3]
State Senate2:Maryland
District2:3rd
Term Start2:January 13, 1999
Term End2:January 12, 2011
Predecessor2:John W. Derr
Successor2:Ronald N. Young
Birth Name:Alexander Xavier Mooney
Birth Date:7 June 1971
Birth Place:Washington, D.C., U.S.
Party:Republican
Children:3
Relatives:Xavier Suarez (uncle)
Francis Suarez (cousin)
Education:Dartmouth College (BA)

Alexander Xavier Mooney (born June 7, 1971) is an American politician serving since 2015 as the U.S. representative from . A member of the Republican Party, he represented the 3rd district in the Maryland State Senate from 1999 to 2011 and is a former chair of the Maryland Republican Party. He is the first Hispanic person elected to Congress from West Virginia.[4]

In November 2022, Mooney filed to run for U.S. Senate in 2024 for the West Virginia seat occupied by outgoing Democrat Joe Manchin.[5] Mooney was defeated in the Republican primary by Governor Jim Justice.

Early life, education, and early career

Mooney's mother, Lala, was a Cuban refugee who escaped political imprisonment at age 21, shortly after the Bay of Pigs Invasion.[6] Her older brother is former Miami mayor Xavier Suarez, and Mooney is the cousin of Miami's current mayor, Francis Suarez.[7] His great-grandparents on his father's side were Irish-born. His father, Vincent, grew up in Long Island, New York. Mooney was born in 1971 in Washington, D.C., and raised in Frederick, Maryland. He graduated from Frederick High School, where he was elected president of the student government.[6]

In 1993, Mooney received his B.A. in philosophy from Dartmouth College. While attending Dartmouth, he ran for the New Hampshire House of Representatives in Grafton County's 10th district. He finished in last place with 8% of the vote.[8] In 2007, Mooney was elected to the Dartmouth College Association of Alumni's executive committee.[9] In early 2008, he traveled to New Hampshire to testify in support of a state bill that would require legislative approval for amendments that the private Board of Trustees of Dartmouth College wished to make to its charter.[10]

After college, Mooney interned for U.S. Representative Ed Royce and then served as staff assistant to U.S. Representative Roscoe Bartlett. In 1995, he became a legislative analyst for the House Republican Conference.[11]

Maryland Senate

From 1999 to 2011, Mooney represented Maryland's 3rd district, which covers parts of Washington and Frederick counties, in the Maryland Senate. He served as the National Journalism Center's executive director from 2005 to 2012.

Elections

In 1998, Mooney defeated incumbent Republican John W. Derr in the primary election and Democrat Ronald S. Bird in the general election.[12] In 2002, he was reelected, defeating Democrat Sue Hecht with 55% of the vote.[13] In 2006, he won reelection with 52% of the vote against Candy Greenway.[14] In 2010, Democrat Ronald N. Young, Mayor of Frederick, defeated him 51%–49%.[15] [16]

Committee assignments

In the Maryland State Senate, Mooney was a member of the Judicial Proceedings Committee, the Joint Committee on Investigation, the Joint Committee on Federal Relations, and the Education, Health and Environmental Affairs Committee. He served on the Maryland Rural Caucus, the Taxpayers Protection Caucus, and the Maryland Veterans Caucus.

Post-Senate career

Chair of the Maryland GOP

On December 11, 2010, Mooney was elected chair of the Maryland Republican Party. He was chair until early 2013.

2012 congressional election

See main article: 2012 United States House of Representatives elections in Maryland. Maryland's redistricting based on the 2010 census significantly redrew the boundaries of incumbent Roscoe Bartlett's 6th district. The district lost all of heavily Republican Carroll County, as well as some Republican-leaning parts of Baltimore, Frederick and Harford counties, while gaining a heavily Democratic spur of Montgomery County.[17] In 2008, Barack Obama took 40% of the vote in the old 6th, but would have won 56% in the new 6th.[18] After creating an exploratory committee to challenge Bartlett in the Republican primary,[19] Mooney decided not to run against him.[20]

U.S. House of Representatives

Elections

2014

In March 2012, Mooney filed as a candidate in the 2014 Republican primary for Maryland's 6th congressional District. He subsequently had to withdraw his candidacy because he was still Bartlett's part-time outreach director at the time he filed to run. House ethics rules do not allow congressional staffers to remain employed in a congressional office while campaigning.[21] [22]

Mooney subsequently moved to Charles Town, West Virginia, a small town on the state's eastern tip, and declared his candidacy for .[23] The district includes most of the West Virginia portion of the Washington media market. Seven-term Republican incumbent Shelley Moore Capito was giving up the seat to run for the United States Senate.[24] During his campaign, some West Virginia Democrats accused Mooney of being a carpetbagger since he had recently moved to West Virginia.[25]

Mooney received the Republican nomination on May 13, 2014, beating six other candidates. He finished first in 15 of the 17 counties in the congressional district, with 36.02% of the vote.[26]

Mooney defeated Democrat Nick Casey in the 2014 general election,[27] 47% to 44%. He won Berkeley County, in the state's Eastern Panhandle, by 5,000 votes, which was more than his overall margin of 4,900 votes. Like Charles Town, Berkeley is part of the Washington media market.[28] Mooney was also helped by long coattails from Capito, who carried every county in the state.[29]

Mooney became the first Latino elected to West Virginia's congressional delegation in the state's history.[4]

2016

In 2016, Mooney defeated Republican primary challenger Marc Savitt, 72.9%-27.1%.[30] [31] In the general election, Mooney defeated Democratic state delegate Mark Hunt, 58.2%-41.8%.[32] [33]

2018

In 2018, Mooney defeated former U.S. State Department official Talley Sergent, 53.9%-43.0%.[34]

2020

In 2020, Mooney defeated Republican primary challenger Matt Hann, 71.7%-28.3%. In the general election, he defeated energy policy analyst Cathy Kunkel, 63.1%-36.9%.[35]

2022

West Virginia lost a congressional seat as a result of the 2020 United States Census. The legislature dismantled Mooney's old district and divided the state into northern and southern districts, and abandoned its longtime practice of starting the numbering in the north. Instead, most of the western portion of the old 2nd, including Charleston, was combined with the bulk of the old 3rd district to form a new 1st district. Meanwhile, most of the eastern portion of the old 2nd, including Mooney's home, was merged with the old 1st district, represented by six-term Republican David McKinley, to form the new 2nd district. Both McKinley and Mooney announced plans to run for reelection. Although the new 2nd was geographically more McKinley's district than Mooney's, Mooney won the Republican primary on May 10, 2022.[36]

Tenure

Mooney was sworn in on January 3, 2015. On March 26, 2015, he introduced H.R. 1644, the Supporting Transparent Regulatory and Environmental Actions in Mining Act (STREAM Act). The House passed the bill on January 19, 2016, by a vote of 235–188.[37]

Ethics investigations

In two May 2022 reports, the Office of Congressional Ethics determined that Mooney had "likely violated House rules and federal law" by accepting impermissible gifts and using official resources for personal purposes.[38] The reports found that Mooney and his family had accepted more than $10,800 from a company tied to Mooney on a vacation to Aruba; that Mooney had stayed at a Capitol Hill home owned by the same company's founders for free approximately 20 times from 2015 to 2021, using it for lodging, congressional business, and campaign events; that Mooney had regularly diverted official resources (including staff time) for personal and family matters, and sometimes for campaign activities; and that Mooney had "likely" provided false testimony and withheld evidence in the course of an OCE investigation against him.[38] The OCE transmitted the reports to the House Ethics Committee, which opened an investigation into Mooney's conduct.[38] [39] Mooney denied any misconduct.[38]

Committee assignments

Caucus memberships

2024 U.S. Senate election

See also: 2024 United States Senate election in West Virginia. On November 15, 2022, Mooney announced his candidacy for the U.S. Senate in 2024, seeking to challenge incumbent Democratic senator Joe Manchin.[43]

Political positions

Gold standard

Mooney supports a return to the gold standard.[44] [45] [46]

Foreign and military policy

Mooney was among 60 Republicans to oppose condemning Trump's action of withdrawing forces from Syria.[47] Along with Matt Gaetz and a handful of Republicans, Mooney broke with his party and voted to end assistance to Saudi Arabia in the War in Yemen.[48]

In 2021, Mooney was one of 14 Republican representatives to vote against a resolution condemning the Myanmar coup d'état. It was unclear why Mooney voted against the measure.[49]

In June 2021, Mooney was one of 49 House Republicans to vote to repeal the 2002 Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq.[50] [51]

In 2023, Mooney was among 47 Republicans to vote in favor of H.Con.Res. 21, which directed President Joe Biden to remove U.S. troops from Syria within 180 days.[52] [53]

Marijuana policy

Mooney has a "B" rating from NORML for his voting record on cannabis-related matters.[54]

Immigration

Mooney voted against the Consolidated Appropriations Act (H.R. 1158),[55] which effectively prohibits ICE from cooperating with Health and Human Services to detain or remove illegal alien sponsors of unaccompanied alien children (UACs).

In 2022, NumbersUSA, which seeks to reduce both legal and illegal immigration, gave him a 98% score; in 2019–20, the Federation for American Immigration Reform, which also supports immigration controls, gave him a 100% rating.[56]

Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election result

In December 2020, Mooney was one of 126 Republican members of the House of Representatives to sign an amicus brief in support of Texas v. Pennsylvania, a lawsuit filed at the United States Supreme Court contesting the results of the 2020 presidential election, in which Joe Biden defeated[57] incumbent Donald Trump. The Supreme Court declined to hear the case on the basis that Texas lacked standing under Article III of the Constitution to challenge the results of an election held by another state.[58] [59] [60]

In the days leading up to the 2021 United States Electoral College vote count, he said he had not decided whether he would vote to certify, choosing to decide on the House Floor after listening to debate.[61] Mooney did not support the objection to Arizona's electoral votes, which was sponsored by Senator Ted Cruz.[62] Mooney was in the House Chamber listening to the certification debate when Trump supporters attacked the United States Capitol. He hid in the gallery with other members of Congress before being removed to a safe place.[63]

After the Capitol was secure and Congress returned to certify the results, Mooney supported the objection to certifying Pennsylvania's electoral votes, as sponsored by Senator Josh Hawley. Mooney claimed that Pennsylvania violated election laws, ignored its constitution and that the "legislature was subverted." In response to his decision, the Charleston Gazette-Mail editorial board charged him with "subverting democracy" and said that he and Representative Carol Miller were complicit in the Capitol attack by their unwavering support of Trump.[64]

On January 11, 2021, the Democrats introduced a resolution to call on Vice President Mike Pence to invoke the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution to remove Trump in response to the attack on the Capitol. When the resolution was presented, Mooney objected, saying that Congress "should not adopt a resolution of this magnitude without any debate on the floor of the U.S. House of Representatives. It is wrong to have sent members of Congress home and then try to adopt without any debate a precedent-setting resolution that could imperil our Republic."[65]

Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023

Mooney was among the 71 Republicans who voted against final passage of the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2023 in the House.[66]

Electoral history

West Virginia

Year!!
RepublicanVotesPctDemocraticVotesPctThird partyPartyVotesPctThird partyPartyVotesPct
2014 rowspan=5 Alex Mooney align="right" 72,61947.1%Nick Casey align="right" 67,68743.9%Davy JonesLibertarian align="right" 7,6825.0%Ed RabelIndependent align="right" 6,2504.0%
2016 align="right" 140,80758.2%Mark Hunt align="right" 101,20741.8%
2018 align="right" 110,50453.9%Talley Sergent align="right" 88,01143.0%Daniel LutzMountain align="right" 6,2773.1%
2020 align="right" 172,19563.1%Cathy Kunkel align="right" 100,79936.9%
2022 align="right" 160,49365.6%Barry Wendell align="right" 84,27834.4%

Maryland

NameVotesPercentOutcome
Ronald N. Young, Dem.22,71051.1%Won
Alex X. Mooney, Rep.21,66648.7%Lost
Other Write-Ins750.2%Lost
NameVotesPercentOutcome
Alex X. Mooney, Rep.21,84451.9%Won
Candy O. Greenway, Dem.20,11147.8%Lost
Other Write-Ins1040.2%Lost
NameVotesPercentOutcome
Alex X. Mooney, Rep.21,61755.0%Won
C. Sue Hecht, Dem.17,65444.9%Lost
Other Write-Ins660.2%Lost
NameVotesPercentOutcome
Alex X. Mooney, Rep.18,39956%Won
Ronald S. Bird, Dem.14,21244%Lost

New Hampshire

NameVotesPercentOutcome
Sharon Nordgren, Dem.3,54018.96%Won
Marion L. Copenhaver, Dem.3,48418.66%Won
Elizabeth L. Crory, Dem.3,28617.60%Won
Robert Guest, Dem.3,21917.24%Won
Linde McNamara, Rep.1,8209.75%Lost
Fred Carleton, Rep.1,7429.33%Lost
Alex X. Mooney, Rep.1,5808.46%Lost

Personal life

Mooney and his wife, Grace Mooney, live in Charles Town, West Virginia, with their three children.[70] Mooney is Roman Catholic.[71]

See also

External links

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Notes and References

  1. Web site: Alex X. Mooney announces resignation as Maryland GOP chairman. John. Wagner. February 9, 2013. www.washingtonpost.com.
  2. Web site: Defeats lead to calls for Maryland Republican chief's ouster. Michael. Dresser. baltimoresun.com. November 24, 2012 .
  3. Web site: New Maryland GOP chairwoman Waterman seeks pickups in legislature. John. Wagner. April 21, 2013. www.washingtonpost.com.
  4. News: November 4, 2014 . West Virginia, the nation's least Hispanic state, elects its first Latino congressman . . . November 6, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141129212830/http://latino.foxnews.com/latino/politics/2014/11/04/west-virginia-nation-least-latino-state-elects-its-first-latino-congressman/ . November 29, 2014 . dead .
  5. Web site: West Virginia's GOP Rep. Mooney announces 2024 Senate run . 2022-11-15 . ABC News . en.
  6. Web site: Home. Mooney for Congress.
  7. Web site: Don't Throw Out Your Intern ID Badge. You May Want It When You're in Congress . Eleanor . Van Buren . October 29, 2020 . October 29, 2020 . Roll Call.
  8. Web site: Ourcampaigns.com . Ourcampaigns.com . July 16, 2014.
  9. Web site: Dartmouth Alumni. Trustees of Dartmouth College.
  10. News: College Charter Bill Advances. January 22, 2008. The Valley News. John. Gregg.
  11. News: Frederick Senate race has harsh tone; 'Dirty' maneuvering marks contentious contest between Hecht, Mooney. Stephanie . Desmon . . October 21, 2002.
  12. Web site: Gubernatorial Primary – September 15, 1998 . Washington County Board of Elections . 2014 . July 16, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20160403041333/http://www.washco-md.net/election/1998Pri.html . April 3, 2016 . dead .
  13. Web site: 2002 Gubernatorial General – Official Results . Maryland State Board of Elections . 2014 . July 16, 2014.
  14. Web site: Official 2006 Gubernatorial General Election results for State Senator . Maryland State Board of Elections . 2014 . July 16, 2014.
  15. Web site: 2010 General Election Official Results . Maryland Local Board of Elections . 2014 . July 16, 2014.
  16. Web site: Ourcampaigns.com . Ourcampaigns.com . July 16, 2014.
  17. News: Republicans Outnumber Dems Running for GOP Rep's Maryland Seat . Fox News . November 11, 2011.
  18. Web site: C. Benjamin . Ford . GOP candidates lining up to take on Bartlett . Gazette.Net . November 18, 2011 . July 16, 2014 . dead . https://web.archive.org/web/20111122201706/http://www.gazette.net/article/20111118/NEWS/711189645/1034/gop-candidates-lining-up-to-take-on-bartlett%26template%3Dgazette . November 22, 2011 .
  19. News: State GOP chair Alex Mooney to challenge Roscoe Bartlett in primary . The Washington Post . Ben . Pershing . December 1, 2011.
  20. News: State GOP Chair Alex Mooney won't challenge Bartlett in primary . The Washington Post . Ben . Pershing . January 10, 2012.
  21. News: Bartlett aide, state GOP head Alex Mooney drops candidacy to comply with ethics rules . The Washington Post . Ben . Pershing . September 20, 2012.
  22. News: Bartlett aide admits he erred by not disavowing his own candidacy . The Baltimore Sun . Steve . Kilar . September 22, 2012 . September 22, 2012 . June 6, 2013 . https://web.archive.org/web/20130606144639/http://www.baltimoresun.com/news/maryland/politics/blog/bs-md-mooney-campaign-20120922,0,4657671.story . dead .
  23. Web site: Mooney's West Virginia move surprises Maryland GOP. Ford. C. Benjamin. March 19, 2013. Gazette.Net. July 16, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20140726162608/http://www.gazette.net/article/20130319/NEWS/130319280/1016/mooney-x2019-s-west-virginia-move-surprises-maryland-gop%26template%3Dgazette. July 26, 2014. dead.
  24. News: Messina. Lawrence. 2014 field growing in W.Va. federal races. Sunday Gazette-Mail. July 14, 2013. August 13, 2013. August 13, 2013. https://archive.today/20130813131949/http://www.wvgazette.com/News/201307140045. dead.
  25. News: Livington. Abby. At the Races – Roll Call's Politics Blog West Virginia Newcomer Battles Carpetbagger Label. October 20, 2014. Roll Call. July 10, 2014. https://web.archive.org/web/20161108210325/https://rollcall.com/politics/newcomer-makes-case-for-capito-seat/. November 8, 2016. dead.
  26. Web site: Statewide Results: Primary Election – May 13, 2014 . West Virginia Secretary of State . 2014 . July 16, 2014.
  27. Web site: Shushannah . Walshe . Tea Party's Alex Mooney Wins West Virginia GOP House Primary . ABC News . May 13, 2014 . July 16, 2014.
  28. Web site: Brock . Vergaris . GOP's Mooney wins W.Va. 2nd congressional seat . . November 4, 2014 . November 9, 2014 . November 10, 2014 . https://web.archive.org/web/20141110040206/http://www.journal-news.net/page/content.detail/id/621428/GOP-s-Mooney-wins-W-Va--2nd-congressional-seat.html . dead .
  29. News: West Virginia Senate results -- 2014 Election Center -- Elections and Politics from CNN.com. CNN.
  30. News: April 23, 2016. Mooney faces 2nd District GOP challenger; 5 Dems square off. The Tampa Tribune. April 29, 2016. April 26, 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160426163205/http://www.tbo.com/mooney-faces-nd-district-gop-challenger--dems-square-off-ap_electionabf40a7b69d14ea7aa6c0d0dd53e4744. dead.
  31. News: NYT West Virginia Primary Results. The New York Times. May 11, 2016.
  32. News: West Virginia U.S. House 2nd District Results: Alex Mooney Wins. November 16, 2016. The New York Times. November 16, 2016.
  33. Web site: West Virginia Statewide Results General Election – November 8, 2016 Official Results . West Virginia Secretary of State . November 8, 2016 . December 3, 2016 . https://web.archive.org/web/20161225112543/http://services.sos.wv.gov/apps/elections/results/results.aspx?year=2016&eid=23&county=Statewide . December 25, 2016 . dead .
  34. Web site: Election Night Reporting. 2021-11-21. results.enr.clarityelections.com.
  35. Web site: Election Night Reporting. 2021-11-21. results.enr.clarityelections.com.
  36. Web site: Alex Mooney wins Republican nomination for 2nd Congressional District . WSAZ News Channel 3 . May 10, 2022.
  37. Web site: Mooney. Alexander X.. 2016-01-19. Actions - H.R.1644 - 114th Congress (2015-2016): Supporting Transparent Regulatory and Environmental Actions in Mining Act. 2021-06-01. www.congress.gov.
  38. Chris Marquette, Rep. Alex Mooney 'likely violated House rules and federal law,' ethics office concludes, Roll Call (May 23, 2022).
  39. Felicia Sonmez, Amy B Wang and Marianna Sotomayor, House Ethics Committee investigating Reps. Cawthorn, Jackson, Mooney, Washington Post (May 23, 2022).
  40. Web site: What is the House Freedom Caucus, and who's in it?. Pew research center. October 20, 2015. October 26, 2017.
  41. Web site: Members. Congressional Western Caucus. July 18, 2018.
  42. Web site: Member List. Republican Study Committee. January 2, 2018. January 1, 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190101195017/https://rsc-walker.house.gov/. dead.
  43. Web site: McElhinny. Brad. Mooney announces for Senate, revving up race to take on Manchin. West Virginia MetroNews. November 15, 2022. November 15, 2022.
  44. Web site: Steel and Aluminum? Let's Talk About Gold. Mooney. Alex. March 25, 2018. WSJ. March 26, 2018.
  45. Web site: Mooney. Alexander X.. 2021-05-25. H.R.3526 - 117th Congress (2021-2022): To provide for the first true audit of gold owned by the United States in more than 65 years, and subsequent audits every 5 years.. 2021-06-01. www.congress.gov.
  46. Web site: U.S. Congressman Seeks Full Audit of America's Gold Reserves. 2021-06-01. finance.yahoo.com. May 27, 2021 . en-US.
  47. Web site: Opposes Withdrawal of U.S. Forces in... - H.J.RES.77: Opposing the decision to end certain United.... Derek. Willis. ProPublica. August 12, 2015.
  48. Web site: The Small But Brave Cadre of Conservative Anti-War Republicans. The American Conservative. November 19, 2019 .
  49. News: 14 House Republicans vote against a measure condemning military coup in Myanmar. CNN. Diaz. Daniella. Wilson. Kristin. March 19, 2021. March 24, 2021.
  50. Web site: House votes to repeal 2002 Iraq War authorization. NBC News. June 17, 2021 .
  51. Web site: Final vote results for roll call 172. April 18, 2023. clerk.house.gov. 2021.
  52. Web site: H.Con.Res. 21: Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of … -- House Vote #136 -- Mar 8, 2023 . March 8, 2023.
  53. News: House Votes Down Bill Directing Removal of Troops From Syria . March 8, 2023 . Associated Press.
  54. Web site: Alex Mooney (R - WV). July 20, 2022. en-us.
  55. Web site: H.R. 1158: DHS Cyber Hunt and Incident Response Teams Act … -- House Vote #690 -- Dec 17, 2019.
  56. Web site: Alex Mooney's Ratings and Endorsements. July 20, 2022.
  57. Web site: Blood. Michael R.. Riccardi. Nicholas. December 5, 2020. Biden officially secures enough electors to become president. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201208201209/https://apnews.com/article/election-2020-joe-biden-donald-trump-elections-electoral-college-3e0b852c3cfadf853b08aecbfc3569fa. December 8, 2020. December 12, 2020. AP News.
  58. News: Liptak. Adam. Adam Liptak. 2020-12-11. Supreme Court Rejects Texas Suit Seeking to Subvert Election. en-US. The New York Times. live. 2020-12-12. https://web.archive.org/web/20201211234955/https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/11/us/politics/supreme-court-election-texas.html. December 11, 2020. 0362-4331.
  59. Web site: 2020-12-11. Order in Pending Case. live. https://web.archive.org/web/20201211234004/https://www.supremecourt.gov/orders/courtorders/121120zr_p860.pdf. December 11, 2020. December 11, 2020. Supreme Court of the United States.
  60. News: Diaz. Daniella. Brief from 126 Republicans supporting Texas lawsuit in Supreme Court. CNN. live. December 11, 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201212000435/https://www.cnn.com/2020/12/10/politics/read-house-republicans-texas-supreme-court/index.html. December 12, 2020.
  61. News: January 6, 2021. West Virginia congressional delegation weigh in on Electoral College count. WCHS. January 11, 2021.
  62. News: Patterson. Janelle. Adams. Steven Allen. January 8, 2021. Certification Vote Divides W.Va., Ohio Delegations. The Intelligencer. January 11, 2021.
  63. News: Morris. Jeff. Stowers. Shannon. January 6, 2021. W.Va. congressional representative says he was equipped with 'escape hood'. WCHS. January 11, 2021.
  64. News: January 8, 2021. Gazette-Mail editorial: Miller, Mooney wrong to try and thwart election. en. Charleston Gazette-Mail. January 11, 2021.
  65. News: January 11, 2021. Mooney objects to Pelosi bid to invoke 25th Amendment on Trump by unanimous consent. en. WV News. January 11, 2021.
  66. Web site: Republicans and Democrats who bucked party leaders by voting no. Jared. Gans. May 31, 2023. June 6, 2023. The Hill.
  67. Web site: State Senate Results . Maryland State Board of Elections . September 21, 2012 .
  68. Web site: State Senate Results . Maryland State Board of Elections . October 8, 2007 .
  69. Web site: Manual for the General Court . 1993 .
  70. Web site: About .
  71. Web site: Religious affiliation of members of 117th Congress. April 14, 2023. PEW Research Center. January 24, 2021.