| Alexander Wallace Matheson | |
| Order: | 21st |
| Office: | Premier of Prince Edward Island |
| Predecessor: | J. Walter Jones |
| Successor: | Walter R. Shaw |
| Lieutenant Governor: | T. William L. Prowse Frederick W. Hyndman |
| Term Start: | May 25, 1953 |
| Term End: | September 16, 1959 |
| Office1: | Leader of the Prince Edward Island Liberal Party |
| Predecessor1: | J. Walter Jones |
| Successor1: | Alex Campbell |
| Term Start1: | May 25, 1953 |
| Term End1: | December 11, 1965 |
| Office2: | MLA (Assemblyman) for 2nd Queens |
| Predecessor2: | Bradford W. LePage |
| Successor2: | Reginald Bell |
| Term Start2: | November 7, 1940 |
| Term End2: | September 15, 1943 |
| Office3: | MLA (Councillor) for 4th Kings |
| Predecessor3: | Murdock McGowan |
| Successor3: | Keir Clark |
| Term Start3: | December 11, 1947 |
| Term End3: | May 30, 1966 |
| Birth Date: | 10 June 1903 |
| Birth Place: | Bellevue, Prince Edward Island |
| Death Place: | Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island |
| Nationality: | Canadian |
| Party: | Liberal |
| Children: | 5 |
| Residence: | Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island |
| Alma Mater: | Prince of Wales College |
| Occupation: | teacher, lawyer, and judge |
| Profession: | Politician |
| Cabinet: | Minister of Health and Welfare (1948–1953) |
Alexander Wallace Matheson (June 11, 1903 - March 3, 1976) was a Prince Edward Island politician.
He was born in Bellevue, Prince Edward Island. He was first elected to the provincial legislature in 1940 as a Liberal, representing the district of 2nd Queens. Not reelected in the provincial election of 1943, he was reelected in 1947 in the district of 4th Kings.
Matheson became minister of health and welfare in the government of Premier J. Walter Jones in 1948 and succeeded Jones as premier and attorney-general in 1953. His government was defeated in the 1959 election but remained Liberal Party leader until 1965 when he retired from politics. In 1967 he was appointed a County Court Judge.