Amdoparvovirus Explained

Amdoparvovirus is a genus of viruses in the family Parvoviridae[1] [2] in the subfamily Parvovirinae. Mustelids (minks, ferrets, and foxes), skunk, and raccoons serve as natural hosts. There are five species in this genus.[3] [4] Diseases associated with this genus include progressive disorder of immune system.[5] [6] [7] [8] [9]

Taxonomy

The following five species are assigned to the genus:[10]

Structure

Viruses in the genus Amdoparvovirus have non-enveloped protein particles with T=1 icosahedral symmetry.[2] They are around 18 to 26 nm in diameter and contain a single linear single-stranded DNA genome around 4.8 kb in length.

Genus Structure Symmetry !Capsid Genomic arrangement Genomic segmentation
AmdoparvovirusIcosahedralT=1Non-envelopedLinearNone

Life cycle

Viral replication is nuclear. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediate clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Replication follows the rolling-hairpin model.[2] DNA templated transcription, with some alternative splicing mechanism is the method of transcription. The virus may exit the host cell by vesicular trafficking following nuclear pore export or be released following cell lysis.Mustelids, skunk, and raccoons serve as the natural host.[11] Transmission routes are oral and respiratory.

Notes and References

  1. Cotmore SF, Agbandje-McKenna M, Canuti M, Chiorini JA, Eis-Hubinger AM, Hughes J, Mietzsch M, Modha S, Ogliastro M, Pénzes JJ, Pintel DJ, Qiu J, Soderlund-Venermo M, Tattersall P, Tijssen P . 6 . ICTV Report Consortium . ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile: Parvoviridae . The Journal of General Virology . 100 . 3 . 367–368 . March 2019 . 30672729 . 6537627 . 10.1099/jgv.0.001212 .
  2. Web site: Parvoviridae . 2018 . ICTV 10th Report . International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses .
  3. Canuti M, O'Leary KE, Hunter BD, Spearman G, Ojkic D, Whitney HG, Lang AS . Driving forces behind the evolution of the Aleutian mink disease parvovirus in the context of intensive farming . Virus Evolution . 2 . 1 . vew004 . January 2016 . 27774297 . 10.1093/ve/vew004 . 4989880 .
  4. Web site: Genus: Amdoparvovirus . ICTV 10th Report . 2018 . International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses .
  5. Web site: Amdoparvovirus . Viral Zone . ExPASy . 12 June 2015 .
  6. Web site: ICTV. Virus Taxonomy . ICTV 2017 Master Species List (MSL32) . International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20190315042822/https://talk.ictvonline.org/files/master-species-lists/m/msl/7185. dead. 15 March 2019. 16 August 2018.
  7. Cheng F, Chen AY, Best SM, Bloom ME, Pintel D, Qiu J . The capsid proteins of Aleutian mink disease virus activate caspases and are specifically cleaved during infection . Journal of Virology . 84 . 6 . 2687–96 . March 2010 . 20042496 . 2826067 . 10.1128/JVI.01917-09 .
  8. Li L, Pesavento PA, Woods L, Clifford DL, Luff J, Wang C, Delwart E . Novel amdovirus in gray foxes . Emerging Infectious Diseases . 17 . 10 . 1876–8 . October 2011 . 22000359 . 3310670 . 10.3201/eid1710.110233 .
  9. Canuti M, Whitney HG, Lang AS . Amdoparvoviruses in small mammals: expanding our understanding of parvovirus diversity, distribution, and pathology . Frontiers in Microbiology . 6 . 1119 . 2015-01-01 . 26528267 . 4600916 . 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01119 . free .
  10. Web site: Virus Taxonomy: 2020 Release . International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) . March 2021 . 10 May 2021.
  11. Canuti M, Doyle HE, P Britton A, Lang AS . Full genetic characterization and epidemiology of a novel amdoparvovirus in striped skunk (Mephitis mephitis) . Emerging Microbes & Infections . 6 . 5 . e30 . May 2017 . 28487558 . 5520478 . 10.1038/emi.2017.13 .

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