Alessandro Panizzardi was an Italian military officer of Lieutenant colonel rank.[1] Panizzardi was associated with Maximilian von Schwartzkoppen's role in the Dreyfus affair.[2] Later research suggests that von Schwartzkoppen and Panizzardi were involved in an intimate relationship.[3] A book of the name Le dossier secret de l'affaire Dreyfus was published in 2007 by three French journalists.[4] In a review of the book in Italian newspaper La Stampa, it was noted that case against Dreyfus was explicitly linked to anti-Semitism, but also to Schwartzkoppen and Panizzardis' homosexuality.[5]