Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016) explained

Conflict:Aleppo offensive (September–October 2016)
Width:350px
Partof:the Battle of Aleppo and the Syrian Civil War
Date:22 September 2016[1] – 16 October 2016
Place:Aleppo, Syria
Territory:Pro-government forces capture 15–20% of the rebel-held part of Aleppo
Result:Syrian Army and allies advances; Rebel counter-offensive
Combatant1: Syrian Arab Republic


Liwa al-Quds[2]
Hezbollah
Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba
Ba'ath Brigades[3]
Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq[4]
Combatant2: Fatah Halab
Jabhat Fateh al-Sham (Al-Nusra Front)
Ahrar al-Sham
Commander1: Maj. Gen. Zaid Saleh[5]
(Head of Aleppo security committee)
Maj. Gen. Adib Salameh[6]
(Head of Aleppo Air Force Intelligence Directorate branch, replaced)
Gen. Iyad Mindo
(Head of Aleppo Air Force Intelligence Directorate branch, replacement)
Maj. Gen. Qasem Soleimani[7]
(Quds Force chief commander)
Col. Mohammad-Reza Zarealvani[8]
(Saberin Unit commander)
Hatem Hamadeh[9]
(Radwan Forces deputy commander)
Mahmoud Ahmed Muzannar[10]
(Hezbollah senior commander, alleged)
Akram al-Kaabi[11]
(leader of Harakat Hezbollah al-Nujaba)
Mohammad-Bagher Soleimani
(Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq commander)
Commander2: Omar al-Sheikh[12]
(Harakat Nour al-Din al-Zenki commander)
Zakaria Malhifji
(Fastaqim Kama Umirt official)
1st Lt. Adham Al-Awad[13]
(Levant Front top commander)
Mohammad Idlibi
(Levant Front top commander)
Units1: Syrian Armed Forces

Russian Armed Forces

IRGC

Hezbollah units

  • Radwan Forces
Units2: Fatah Halab
Strength1:10,000+ pro-government fighters[24]
  • 3,250 soldiers[25]
  • 5,000 al-Nujaba fighters[26]

120+ Naval Infantry advisors[27]

Strength2: 8,000 fighters[28] [29]
Casualties1:98–141+ killed[30]
Casualties2:56–96+ killed[31]
Casualties3:573 civilians killed (per the SOHR; since 19 Sep.)[32]
497 civilians killed (per the UN)[33]

The Aleppo offensive of September–October 2016 was the military operation launched in Aleppo in late September 2016 by the Syrian Army and its allies aiming to capture all of the remaining rebel-held parts of the city of Aleppo. Rebel forces controlling East Aleppo at that time were primarily fighters of Fatah Halab[34] (which includes FSA units),[35] although a significant number of Jabhat Fateh al-Sham and Ahrar al-Sham fighters were also present.[36]

Offensive

Airstrikes and initial fighting

Early on 22 September 2016, the Syrian and Russian Air Forces started preparatory air-strikes for the upcoming offensive. Over 40 air-strikes were conducted against five districts throughout the day.[37] [38] Mobilization of ground units had also started[37] and by the evening of that day, the ground assault against the rebel-held eastern part of Aleppo city was about to begin.[39] At this time, the military officially announced the start of the offensive.[1] [40]

The strikes continued for a second day into 23 September,[38] and the explosions were described as "the fiercest the city had faced". Buildings were demolished, a main water station was damaged[41] and neighborhoods were engulfed in flames.[42] Since the start of the bombing campaign, 50 Russian air-strikes had been conducted on the city and 30 in the surrounding areas,[43] in addition to dozens carried out by the Syrian Air Force.[44] During the day, the first Army ground advances took place in the southern outskirts of Aleppo,[45] as the military secured the Ramousah-'Amiriyah highway and its intersection after gains around the Al-Badawi mosque.[46] [47] The government advances forced civilians from the area to migrate to other parts of eastern Aleppo. Later, pro-government Palestinian militias also captured parts of the Handarat Camp area of northeastern Aleppo, namely the Shaher district.[48] The Handarat Camp had been previously a Palestinian refugee camp.[49] By the end of the day, the Syrian Air Force had conducted more than 150 air-strikes against 30 neighbourhoods in Aleppo. Army artillery bombardment was also conducted.[50]

Early on 24 September, military preparations were being made for the Syrian Army to assault the southern Sheikh Sa'id district.[51] The attack started that morning, and within hours government troops had taken control of several building blocks.[52] [53] [54] Concurrently, pro-government militias continued to advance in the Handarat Camp area,[55] seizing the eastern entrance to the Camp and leaving only half of it still rebel-held.[48] Shortly after, the Palestinian militias captured the whole Handarat Camp.[56] [57] [58] In addition, government troops made advances on a third axis, taking control of two dozen building blocks near the historic Aleppo citadel in the city center. Meanwhile, a new wave of air-strikes were conducted throughout Aleppo, and a military official stated the strikes had been targeting an array of rebel fortifications, including tunnels, bunkers and command centers.[59] Following the capture of the Handarat Camp district, the Army shifted its focus to the nearby Kindi Cancer Hospital, which had been converted into a military base by the rebels.[60] Intense clashes took place at the hospital, as the Army also imposed fire control over the nearby Shuqeif Industrial Area.[61] Later that evening, an initial rebel counter-attack against the Handarat Camp was repelled.[62] However, pro-government militias withdrew from the district, while still maintaining control of the nearby Shaher sector and the Handarat Industrial District, east of the refugee camp.[63] [64]

On 25 September, after securing the Shaher district, the Palestinian militias launched a new assault on the Handarat Camp.[65] The camp was heavily hit by air-strikes. The bombing burned many rebel vehicles. Fighting also continued in the southern Sheikh Sa'id district,[66]

Syrian Army advances in northern and central Aleppo

On 27 September, the Army advanced in the Farafira district of Old Aleppo[67] [68] and captured it.[69] [70] [71] At the same time, the two largest hospitals in the rebel-held part of the city were hit by an air-strike and artillery fire.[71] The next day, the military slightly advanced in the al-Suweiqa area of Old Aleppo, although some saw the assault on Old Aleppo as a diversionary attack so the Army could take control of the Handarat Camp where fighting continued.[72]

On 29 September, pro-government forces broke through the last rebel defense line in the Handarat Camp[73] and once again took complete control of the district.[74] In order to secure Handarat Camp, government troops continued with their assault and attacked the nearby Shaqayf district,[75] as well as the Kindi Hospital.[76] The next morning, after heavy clashes, pro-government forces captured the Kindi Hospital, thus fortifying their positions at the Handarat Camp[77] [78] and coming within two kilometers of the Jandoul roundabout.[79] Soon after, the military started an operation against the rebel-held central district of Suleiman Al-Halabi[80] and advanced, seizing much of its western sector.[81] However, after advancing, government troops withdrew and the rebels recaptured their lost positions.[78] [82] During the fighting in Suleiman Al-Halabi, which was described as "back and forth", a water station was bombed, with both sides trading blame.[78] The Army was trying to reach the rebel-held station since it was the main water source for the government-held part of Aleppo.[83] Later in the day, the rebels reentered the Kindi hospital, reigniting fighting for the building,[84] while the Army reportedly captured the northwestern part of the Bustan Al-Basha district.[85] The rebels eventually managed to recapture the hospital.[86]

On 1 October, the Syrian Army continued to advance in the Bustan Al-Basha district,[87] while elsewhere government forces captured Tal Shuqayf hill and 16 nearby buildings, establishing fire control over the Aleppo Armament Base and the Shuqayf Industrial Area.[88] The next day, the Army seized the Shuqayf Industrial area,[89] the Jandoul beltway[90] and the Kindi Hospital.[91] [92] During the Army's gains at Shuqayf, the Kurdish YPG militia also advanced against the rebels at the Jandoul roundabout.[93] Meanwhile, Army advances in Bustan Al-Basha continued,[94] with government forces reaching the outskirts of the al-Heluk district,[95] while a new Army attack on the Suleiman Al-Halabi water station was again repelled.[96] Elsewhere, the largest hospital in the rebel part of the city, known as M10, was once again bombed.[97] At this point, the Army called on the rebels to withdraw from Aleppo, offering them safe passage and aid supplies.

Syrian Army push on three fronts

On 3 October, Syrian government forces attacked the Owaija district[98] and reportedly seized a quarter of the area before sundown, while the Army established fire control over the Jandoul roundabout.[99] The same day, the M10 hospital was bombed for the third time[100] and completely destroyed.[101] On 4 October, the rebels claimed that an Army assault on the southern Sheikh Sa'id district had been repelled,[102] while a government source stated they had reached a bridge in the northwestern part of the district.[103] Meanwhile, the military advanced in the city center, capturing several high-rise buildings,[104] as well as in the factories area of the northern Owaija district.[105] For the first time in four years, Syrian Army tanks crossed the frontline in Aleppo.[106]

On 5 October, Syrian Army advances continued in the northern district of Owaija and the southern district of Al-Amiriyah.[107] [108] As of 6 October, government forces were in control of 50–80% of the Bustan Al-Basha district[109] [110] and the northern Bakarah Quarries[111] that overlook the Kindi Hospital.[86] With the new advances in Bustan Al-Basha, the Army was closing in on the Suleiman Al-Halabi water station from two sides[112] and by dusk they had secured the Suleiman Al-Halabi district.[113] [114] Later that night, the Army made advances in the Salah al-Din district and the Bureij area,[115] while they had also reportedly taken control of half of the Sheikh Sa'id district.[116]

Early on 7 October, Syrian government forces continued to assault Sheikh Sa'id, seizing Tal Sheikh Sa'eed hill.[117] [118] Still, the rebels managed to recapture other territory in the district they had lost.[118] The next day, the rebels were able to reclaim large parts of Sheikh Sa'id and several points around the water station in Suleiman Al-Halabi, leaving them in control of 20% of that district.[118] [119] Still, despite this, government forces took complete control of the Owaija district and the Jandoul roundabout.[120] [121] [122] Subsequently, the Army took control of over 50% of the nearby Manashar Al-Breij district.[123] Army advances also continued in Bustan Al-Basha.[121]

On 9 October, back-and-forth fighting raged in Sheikh Sa'id and Bustan Al-Basha.[124] [125] [126] [127] By this point, government forces had seized 15–20% of the rebel-held part of Aleppo, with the rebels struggling to maintain a stable frontline due to a lack of sufficient resources, which had also been impacted by the heavy air campaign against their positions and ammo depots, to counter Army advances.

Syrian Army secures northern outskirts; Fourth line of attack started

Early on 10 October, Syrian government troops seized Tal Sifan hill, near Owaija,[128] and the following day consolidated their control of the Jandoul roundabout.[129] [130] Two days later, the Army seized four hills in the northeast of Aleppo, including one that overlooks the Hanano Youth Housing Complex.[131] Advances in the northeast of Aleppo continued into 14 October,[132] [133] [134] with the Syrian Army making its first push towards the Youth Housing Complex.[135] The military also made an effort to open a route between the north of Aleppo and the airport in the south,[136] managing to take control of most of the Al-Aradh Al-Hamra district in the southeast of Aleppo.[132] Meanwhile, the M10 hospital was once again hit with a bunker-buster bomb.[137]

On 15 October, Syrian government forces advanced near the Ba'idayn roundabout, in the north of Aleppo, amid heavy fighting; advanced on the Nayrab Bridge-al-Miysar district; and seized parts of the nearby Karm al-Trab neighborhood.[138] [139] They also advanced on the Nayrab Bridge-al-Miysar district axis from the direction of the airport, fully securing the Al-Aradh Al-Hamra district,[140] and seized parts of the nearby Karm al-Trab neighborhood.[141] In the evening, government troops penetrated rebel defense lines at the Ba'idayn roundabout, capturing the surrounding factories.[142]

Aftermath – Halt to air-strikes; Rebel counter-offensive

See main article: Aleppo offensive (October–November 2016).

On 17 October, Russia announced that it would temporarily halt airstrikes on eastern Aleppo for eight hours on 20 October, in order to allow some civilians and rebels to evacuate.[143] The strikes had been halted two days earlier than intended, on the morning of 18 October, and the suspension continued into the next day[144] when it was announced the truce scheduled to take place on 20 October, would be extended to three days until 22 October.[145] Rebel officials completely rejected the proposal on evacuating.[146]

Fighting reportedly resumed on 22 October.[147] However, Russia declared the ceasefire would continue.[148]

On 28 October, rebel forces outside Aleppo began a counter-offensive to break the siege.[149] [150]

Reactions and analysis

Syria's president Bashar al-Assad said that the conflict had become a proxy war between the Russian and US superpowers, who were still embroiled in a Cold War. According to him, the offensive was a necessary step towards pushing terrorists out of Syria and into Turkey.[151]

Reuters and the Los Angeles Times described the offensive as a possible turning point in the war.[152] [153]

At the United Nations, the U.S. Ambassador to the UN, Samantha Power, accused Russia of "barbarism" because of its air-strikes during the offensive,[154] while the United Kingdom and France accused Russia was involved in war crimes.[155] According to the Los Angeles Times and unnamed "longtime observers" of the Syrian conflict, the Syrian and Russian bombardments in the week of 22–28 September were "marked by unparalleled savagery and suffering".

See also

Notes and References

  1. News: Fierce air strikes on Aleppo after Syrian army declares offensive . Francis. Ellen . Perry. Tom. Reuters. 23 September 2016. 23 September 2016.
  2. Web site: Syrian Army advances in Handarat Camp, Aleppo. Izat. Charkatli. 23 September 2016. al-Masdar News. 24 September 2016. 27 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200427130746/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-advances-handarat-camp-aleppo/. dead.
  3. Web site: Syrian Army, Hezbollah launch massive assault in east Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 27 September 2016. al-Masdar News. 27 September 2016. 25 January 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20170125140501/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-launch-massive-assault-east-aleppo/. dead.
  4. Web site: Iraqi Shiite militia commander close to Qassem Soleimani killed in Aleppo. Amir. Toumaj. 27 September 2016. The Long War Journal. 27 September 2016.
  5. Web site: Aleppo will be secured "very soon": regime figure. Albin. Szakola. 22 September 2016. NOW.. 23 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160923173023/https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/567371-aleppo-will-be-secured-very-soon-regime-figure. 23 September 2016. dead. dmy-all.
  6. Web site: Notorious Aleppo intelligence chief moved from post. Albin. Szakola. 26 September 2016. NOW.. 27 September 2016. 3 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181003112743/https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/567381-notorious-aleppo-intelligence-chief-moved-from-post. dead.
  7. News: Die Völkerschlacht von Aleppo. Hermann. Rainer. Faz.net. Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. de. 15 October 2016. 15 October 2016.
  8. Web site: IRGC Special Forces officer's death highlights involvement in Syria. Amir Toumaj. The Long War Journal. 1 October 2016. 1 October 2016.
  9. Web site: High-ranking Hezbollah commander killed in Aleppo. Albin. Szakola. 17 October 2016. NOW.. 17 October 2016. 25 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161225172206/https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/567431-high-ranking-hezbollah-commander-killed-in-aleppo. dead.
  10. Web site: Senior commander of the Lebanese Hezbollah Killed. 14 October 2016. El-Dorar Al-Shamia. 15 October 2016.
  11. Web site: Iraqi militia chief claims Israel bombed group in Syria. Albin. Szakola. 27 September 2016. NOW.. 28 September 2016. 19 October 2017. https://web.archive.org/web/20171019121108/https://now.mmedia.me/lb/en/NewsReports/567389-iraqi-militia-chief-claims-israel-bombed-group-in-syria. dead.
  12. Web site: Nour al-Din al-Zenki Commander Killed in Aleppo Clashes. 16 October 2016. Al Manar News. 16 October 2016.
  13. Web site: Jihadist rebels mourn the death of two top commanders in northern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 3 October 2016. al-Masdar News. 3 October 2016. 19 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161019183419/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jihadist-rebels-mourn-death-two-top-commanders-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  14. Web site: Syrian Army reinforcements pour into Aleppo ahead of jihadist offensive. Leith Fadel. al-Masdar News. 22 October 2016. 22 October 2016. 6 November 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161106161226/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-reinforcements-pour-aleppo-ahead-jihadist-offensive/. dead.
  15. Web site: Syrian Army surrounds east Aleppo as zero hour approaches. Leith Fadel. al-Masdar News. 23 September 2016. 23 September 2016. 6 October 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201006045457/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-surrounds-east-aleppo-zero-hour-approaches/. dead.
  16. Web site: Syrian Army, Hezbollah attack strategic district in southern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 25 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 25 September 2016. 27 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160927083721/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-attack-strategic-district-southern-aleppo/. dead.
  17. Web site: Tiger Forces redeployed to east Aleppo for upcoming offensive. Leith Fadel. al-Masdar News. 27 September 2016. 27 September 2016. 27 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160927045444/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/tiger-forces-redeployed-east-aleppo-upcoming-offensive/. dead.
  18. Web site: Russian troops head to Aleppo City. Leith. Fadel. 29 August 2016. al-Masdar News. 30 August 2016. 9 October 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20181009120836/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-troops-head-aleppo-city/. dead.
  19. News: Syria conflict: Rebels 'filmed beheading boy' in Aleppo. BBC News. 19 July 2016. 19 July 2016.
  20. Web site: 30 Deaths from al-Assad's troops in #Aleppo and the later regains positions in #Lattakia. 11 October 2016. El-Dorar Al-Shamia. 15 October 2016.
  21. Web site: Assad Seizes Only Road Into Rebel-Held Aleppo As Siege Tightens. 17 July 2016. The Huffington Post. 21 July 2016.
  22. Web site: Jihadist rebels mourn the loss of 16 fighters as government forces advance in Aleppo City. Leith. Fadel. 18 July 2016. Al-Masdar News. 19 July 2016.
  23. News: Syria war: Aleppo tunnel bomb 'kills 38 government troops' . 22 July 2016 . BBC News . en-GB. 3 August 2016.
  24. News: Regime forces amass around Aleppo as diplomacy falters. Barbara Starr and Elise Labott. CNN. 3 October 2016.
  25. Web site: Massive convoy of Syrian Army reinforcements arrive in Aleppo. Leith Fadel. Al-Masdar News. 22 October 2016. 22 October 2016. 23 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161023195214/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/massive-convoy-syrian-army-reinforcements-arrive-aleppo-2/. dead.
  26. Web site: Iraqi militia fighters pour into Syria to support Assad. 6 October 2016. The Wall Street Journal. 6 October 2016.
  27. Web site: Russian Army convoy arrives in Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 30 August 2016. Al-Masdar News. 30 August 2016. 8 January 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210108152530/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/russian-army-convoy-arrives-aleppo/. dead.
  28. Web site: Aleppo city, one year after the final battle . Maria Nelson . Alaa Nassar . Waleed Khaled a-Noufal . SYRIA:direct . 21 December 2017 . 23 August 2018 .
  29. Web site: The Latest: Syrian gov't: rebel shelling of Aleppo kills 8.
  30. 2 killed (22 Sep.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/09/23/60-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-11-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 3 killed (23 Sep.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/09/24/132-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-12-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 2 killed (24 Sep.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/09/25/96-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-19-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 1 killed (25 Sep.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/09/26/102-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-15-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 2 killed (26 Sep.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/09/27/84-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-18-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 2 killed (27 Sep.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/09/28/141-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-24-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 3 killed (28 Sep.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/09/29/111-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-28-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 4 killed (29 Sep.),http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=51577 2 killed (30 Sep.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/01/117-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-13-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 3 killed (1 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=51713 5 killed (2 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/03/118-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-18-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 4 killed (3 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/04/151-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-21-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 5–10 killed (4 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/05/121-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-24-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-aleppo-idUSKCN1240WU 2 killed (5 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/06/104-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-23-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 3 killed (6 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/07/153-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-28-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 10 killed (7 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=51885 3–26 killed (8 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/09/95-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-26-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ http://www.insidesourcenews.com/single-post/2016/10/09/Syrian-Army-Tightens-Grip-on-East-Aleppo 2–17 killed (9 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/10/83-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-18-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ http://www.insidesourcenews.com/single-post/2016/10/10/Rebels-Fight-Back-In-Aleppo-City 4 killed (10 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=52102 2 killed (11 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/12/180-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-23-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 3 killed (11 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/13/118-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-18-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88-2/ 3 killed (12 Oct.),https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/786462495376486400 2 killed (13 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/14/90-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-24-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 2 killed (14 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/15/70-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-18-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 3 killed (15 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/16/82-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-25-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 3 killed (16 Oct.),https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/787761160502194176 2 killed (17 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=52644 3 killed (18 Oct.),https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/788346465219252226 2 killed (19 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/20/59-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-18-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88/ 1 killed(20 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/21/71-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-17-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88/ 2 killed (21 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/22/101-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-29-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88/ 1 killed (22 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/23/89-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-21-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88/ 4 killed (23 Oct.)http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/24/95-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-30-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%B5%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%8B-%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88/ 3 killed (24 0ct.),http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=53218 total of 98–141 reported killed
  31. 2 killed (28 Sep.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/09/29/111-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-28-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 8 killed (30 Sep.),https://www.reuters.com/article/us-mideast-crisis-syria-aleppo-idUSKCN1200Q9 1 killed (2 Oct.),https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jihadist-rebels-mourn-death-two-top-commanders-northern-aleppo/ 4 killed (3 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/04/151-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-21-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 1 killed (4 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/05/121-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-24-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 6 killed (6 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/07/153-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-28-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 7 killed (7 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/08/113-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-29-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 9 killed (9 Oct.),http://www.insidesourcenews.com/single-post/2016/10/10/Rebels-Fight-Back-In-Aleppo-City 2 killed (11 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/13/118-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-18-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88-2/ 1 killed (13 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/14/90-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-24-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ 2–42 killed (15 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/16/82-%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%88%D8%A7-%D8%A3%D9%85%D8%B3-%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%87%D9%85-25-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1-%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D9%88%D8%A7/ https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/battle-aleppo-rages-syrian-army-advances-map-update/ 11 killed (16 Oct.),https://twitter.com/InsideSourceInt/status/787763132298952704 2 killed (17 Oct.),http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=52644 total of 56–96 reported killed
  32. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=52683 After More than 2700 civilian casualties and injuries in Aleppo Province, 30 hours of no-bombing over the eastern neighborhoods
  33. Web site: Aleppo rebels outgunned but confident as siege bites. 14 October 2016. Reuters. 14 October 2016.
  34. News: Syrian Troops Clash With Rebels as Bombs Fall on Aleppo. Saad. Hwaida . 27 September 2016. The New York Times. 0362-4331. 30 September 2016.
  35. News: Syrian Troops Clash With Rebels as Bombs Fall on Aleppo. Saad. Hwaida . 27 September 2016. The New York Times. 0362-4331. 7 November 2016.
  36. Web site: UN Syria envoy's offer could hand Aleppo to Assad. Middle East Eye. 11 October 2016. If we agreed on evacuating Jabhat Fateh al-Sham from Aleppo today, the regime will demand the evacuation of Ahrar al-Sham tomorrow and the rest of the groups later on.
  37. Web site: Syrian jets pound east Aleppo ahead of upcoming offensive. News Desk. Al-Masdar News. 22 September 2016. 23 September 2016. 17 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180617110042/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-jets-pound-east-aleppo-ahead-upcoming-offensive/. dead.
  38. News: Aleppo enters second day of bombing in new Syrian army offensive . The Guardian . 23 September 2016 . 23 September 2016. Borger . Julian . Shaheen . Kareem .
  39. Web site: Syrian Army to begin important east Aleppo offensive. Al-Masdar News. Leith Fadel. 22 September 2016. 23 September 2016. 15 May 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190515002731/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-begin-important-east-aleppo-offensive/. dead.
  40. Web site: Syria launches Aleppo offensive as diplomats fail to revive truce . France 24. 23 September 2016. 23 September 2016.
  41. Web site: Bombing campaign in Syria kills dozens, demolishes buildings. 23 September 2016. AP News. 24 September 2016.
  42. News: Doomsday today in Aleppo. Bangkok Post. 24 September 2016.
  43. Web site: Russian planes bomb Aleppo as Syrian army begins assault. USA Today. 23 September 2016.
  44. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=51030 Heavy Russian aerial bombardment continue targeting rebels controlled areas of Aleppo
  45. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=51049 27 casualties in massacres carried out by Russian warplanes and helicopters in Aleppo city
  46. Web site: Syrian Army advances in Aleppo after launch of offensive. Izat Charkatli. Al-Masdar News. 23 September 2016. 27 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200427130839/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-advances-aleppo-launch-offensive/. dead.
  47. http://www.syriahr.com/2016/09/24/%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D9%85%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B1-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9-%D8%AD%D9%84%D8%A8-%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%87%D8%A7-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8/ عدة محاور في مدينة حلب وأطرافها الجنوبية والشمالية تشهد اشتباكات وقصف وقذائف يستهدفان المدينة
  48. Web site: Liwaa Al-Quds, Syrian Army seize large parts of Handarat Camp in northern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 24 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 26 September 2016. 2 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190202225535/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/liwaa-al-quds-syrian-army-seize-large-parts-handarat-camp-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  49. Web site: The Latest: Government Forces Gain Ground Near Aleppo. 24 September 2016. Fox News. 26 September 2016.
  50. Web site: Scores killed as Syrian jets pound rebel-held Aleppo . Al Jazeera. 24 September 2016.
  51. Web site: Syrian Army, Hezbollah storm southern Aleppo districts. Leith. Fadel. 24 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 24 September 2016. 7 November 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20201107091414/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-storm-southern-aleppo-districts/. dead.
  52. Web site: SAA Begins Storming East Aleppo!. The Inside Source. 24 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160926063150/http://www.insidesourcenews.com/single-post/2016/09/24/SAA-Begins-Storming-East-Aleppo. 26 September 2016. dead. dmy-all.
  53. Web site: Syrian Army attacks key district in southern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 24 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 26 September 2016. 27 April 2020. https://web.archive.org/web/20200427130829/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-attacks-key-district-southern-aleppo/. dead.
  54. Web site: Syrian Observatory for Human Rights – Timeline – Facebook. . 26 September 2016.
  55. Web site: Aerial bombardment kills 7 in Aleppo. . 24 September 2016.
  56. Web site: U.S., Russia trade blows over Syria as warplanes pound Aleppo. Michelle Nichols and Suleiman. Al-Khalidi. Reuters. 26 September 2016.
  57. Web site: Third day of 'horrific' Aleppo air strikes kills dozens of civilians. https://web.archive.org/web/20160924142236/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/syrian-civil-war-aleppo-bombing-civilians-killed-water-crisis-third-day-advance-assad-putin-russia-a7327351.html . 2016-09-24 . limited . live. 24 September 2016. The Independent. 26 September 2016.
  58. Web site: [Official] Liwaa Al-Quds, Syrian Army capture Handarat Camp in northern Aleppo]. Leith. Fadel. 24 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 26 September 2016. 25 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160925142056/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/official-liwaa-al-quds-syrian-army-capture-handarat-camp-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  59. Web site: Warplanes press attack on rebel-held eastern Aleppo. 24 September 2016 . Reuters. 24 September 2016.
  60. Web site: Syrian Army, Palestinian committees attack Kindi Hospital in northern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 24 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 26 September 2016. 25 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160925142406/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-palestinian-committees-attack-kindi-hospital-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  61. Web site: [Map] Syrian Army makes significant progress in northern Aleppo]. Leith. Fadel. 24 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 26 September 2016. 25 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160925134424/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/map-syrian-army-makes-significant-progress-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  62. Web site: Syrian Army, Quds Brigade repel jihadist assault on Handarat Camp. Al-Masdar. 24 September 2016. 25 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160925142336/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-quds-brigade-repel-jihadist-assault-handarat-camp/. dead.
  63. Web site: Syrian Army, Quds Brigade withdraw from Handarat Camp. Izat. Charkatli. 24 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 26 September 2016. 17 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180617133314/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-quds-brigade-withdraw-handarat-camp/. dead.
  64. Web site: At Least 23 Civilians Killed In Aleppo As Un Holds Emergency Meeting Over Syria. 25 September 2016. Fox News . 26 September 2016.
  65. Web site: Liwaa Al-Quds, Syrian Army storm Handarat Camp in northern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 25 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 26 September 2016. 3 February 2019. https://web.archive.org/web/20190203055313/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/liwaa-al-quds-syrian-army-storm-handarat-camp-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  66. Web site: Syrian Army, Hezbollah attack strategic district in southern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 25 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 26 September 2016. 27 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160927083721/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-attack-strategic-district-southern-aleppo/. dead.
  67. News: Syrian army troops advance on Aleppo as Nato calls air strikes 'blatant violation of international law'. https://web.archive.org/web/20160927123500/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/syria-war-aleppo-attack-assad-army-ground-troops-in-city-nato-air-strikes-a7332591.html . 2016-09-27 . limited . live. 27 September 2016. The Independent. 27 September 2016.
  68. Web site: After post-cease-fire onslaught, Assad's forces vow to finish job. 27 September 2016 . BCS News. 27 September 2016.
  69. Web site: Syrian army takes rebel neighbourhood in Aleppo, military says . 27 September 2016. France 24. 27 September 2016.
  70. Web site: Syrian Army, Hezbollah capture the Farafira District in east Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 27 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 27 September 2016. 27 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160927123308/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-capture-farafira-district-east-aleppo/. dead.
  71. Web site: Two largest hospitals in rebel-held Aleppo bombed. 28 September 2016.
  72. Web site: Warplanes knock out Aleppo hospitals as Russian-backed assault intensifies. 29 September 2016. Reuters.
  73. Web site: Syrian Army, Liwaa Al-Quds capture most of Handarat Camp in northern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 29 September 2016. 29 September 2016. 17 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180617143503/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-liwaa-al-quds-capture-handarat-camp-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  74. Web site: Pro-Syrian government forces control Aleppo's Handarat camp-rebel. Reuters. 25 August 2023 .
  75. Web site: Latest battlefield map of Aleppo City. Leith. Fadel. 29 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 30 September 2016. 17 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180617121709/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/latest-battlefield-map-aleppo-city/. dead.
  76. Web site: Syrian Army advances to Kindi Hospital in northern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 29 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 30 September 2016. 17 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180617145016/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-advances-kindi-hospital-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  77. Web site: Syrian Army captures strategic Kindi Hospital in northern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 30 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 30 September 2016. 1 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161001150213/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-strategic-kindi-hospital-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  78. Web site: Syrian army, rebels wage fierce battles in Aleppo. 30 September 2016. Reuters. 30 September 2016.
  79. Web site: Updated: Syrian troops capture hospital north of Aleppo. Associated Press. 30 September 2016.
  80. Web site: Syrian Army begins new military operation in east Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 30 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 30 September 2016. 1 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161001152034/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-begins-new-military-operation-east-aleppo/. dead.
  81. Web site: Syrian Army advances in east Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 30 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 30 September 2016. 1 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161001141219/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-advances-east-aleppo/. dead.
  82. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=51568 Violent clashes in Suleiman al-Halabi area and about 15 were killed and injured at the eastern and western neighborhoods of Aleppo
  83. Web site: Syria regime advances in Aleppo, MSF decries 'bloodbath' . AFP. 30 September 2016.
  84. Web site: Fatah Halab reenters Kindi Hospital amid massive counter-assault in northern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 30 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 30 September 2016. 30 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160930144846/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/fatah-halab-reenters-kindi-hospital-amid-massive-counter-assault-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  85. Web site: Syrian Army captures several sites in key northern Aleppo district. Leith. Fadel. 30 September 2016. Al-Masdar News. 30 September 2016. 30 September 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20160930155501/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-several-sites-key-northern-aleppo-district/. dead.
  86. Web site: Syrian Army captures more territory in northern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 1 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 3 October 2016. 2 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161002201336/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-territory-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  87. Web site: Syrian Army on the verge of capturing key Aleppo district. Izat. Charkatli. 1 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 3 October 2016. 2 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161002144632/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-verge-capturing-key-aleppo-district/. dead.
  88. Web site: Syrian Army makes huge gains in northern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 1 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 3 October 2016. 2 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161002201612/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-makes-huge-gains-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  89. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=51698 The regime forces advance north of Aleppo city and tens of airstrikes target the eastern neighborhoods of the city and casualties in the countryside
  90. Web site: Regime forces seize over Shaqif factories and Jandoul beltway in north of Aleppo. Qasion News Agency. 3 October 2016. 27 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161227005358/http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/38473/Regime_forces_seize_over_Shaqif_factories_and_Jandoul_beltway_in_north_of_Aleppo. dead.
  91. Web site: Syria presses Aleppo advance, tells rebels to leave. 2 October 2016. Reuters. 3 October 2016.
  92. Web site: Field Report: Syrian Army makes fresh gains in northern Aleppo. Map Update. Zen. Adra. 2 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 3 October 2016. 3 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161003055915/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/field-report-syrian-army-makes-fresh-gains-northern-aleppo-map-update/. dead.
  93. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=51723 The regime forces reach al-Jandoul roundabout area and the violent clashes continue in Aleppo city
  94. Web site: Syrian Army continue massive Aleppo offensive. Leith. Fadel. 2 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 3 October 2016. 2 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161002215526/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-continue-massive-aleppo-offensive/. dead.
  95. Web site: Syrian army advances as 'Aleppo carnage' sparks fury. Al Jazeera . 3 October 2016.
  96. Web site: Opposition repels regime's attack in Aleppo. Qasion News Agency. 3 October 2016. 27 December 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161227004816/http://www.qasioun.net/en/news/show/38477/Opposition_repels_regime%E2%80%99s_attack_in_Aleppo. dead.
  97. Web site: Syria's war: Aleppo hospital bombed again. Al Jazeera. 3 October 2016.
  98. Web site: Syrian Army cotninues massive advance in northern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 3 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 3 October 2016. 4 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161004152813/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-cotninues-massive-advance-northern-aleppo/. dead.
  99. Web site: Fierce clashes reported all over northern Aleppo as the Syrian Army attempts to advance. Leith. Fadel. 3 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 3 October 2016. 4 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161004155352/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/fierce-clashes-reported-northern-aleppo-syrian-army-attempts-advance/. dead.
  100. Web site: Major Aleppo Hospital Bombed for Third Time in Days. 3 October 2016. ABC News. 3 October 2016.
  101. Web site: Air raids destroy largest hospital in rebel-held parts of Aleppo: NGO. AFP. 3 October 2016.
  102. Web site: Rebels fend off Aleppo assault as nations seek to rebuild peace process. 4 October 2016. Reuters.
  103. Web site: Syrian Army, Hezbollah advance at key southern Aleppo district. Leith. Fadel. 4 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 5 October 2016. 17 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180617114702/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-advance-key-southern-aleppo-district/. dead.
  104. Web site: Syria army advances in Aleppo after US drops Russia talks. .
  105. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=51796 60 killed or wounded by shells targeted Aleppo neighborhoods.
  106. Web site: Syrian government forces advance on rebel-held Aleppo. Al Jazeera.
  107. http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/05/شهداء-وجرحى-في-قصف-صاروخي-على-أحياء-بمد/ شهداء وجرحى في قصف صاروخي على أحياء بمدينة حلب وقوات النظام تتقدم في جنوب وشمال هذه الأحياء
  108. Web site: Field Report: Syrian Army gains more territories in north Aleppo. Map Update. Zen. Adra. 5 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 5 October 2016. 17 June 2018. https://web.archive.org/web/20180617131847/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/field-report-syrian-army-gains-territories-north-aleppo-map-update/. dead.
  109. Web site: Syria army seizes rebel territory in heart of Aleppo. 6 October 2016. 7 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161007193408/http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/world/syria-army-seizes-rebel-territory-in-heart-of-aleppo/3185186.html. dead.
  110. Web site: Point of no return as Islamist rebels lose more ground in Aleppo city - Map update. Chris. Tomson. 6 October 2016. 6 October 2016. 9 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161009135620/https://test.almasdarnews.com/article/point-no-return-islamist-rebels-lose-ground-aleppo-city-map-update/. dead.
  111. Web site: In Video: Syrian War Update. October 6–8. Syrian Army continues to advance in Eastern Aleppo. Zen. Adra. 9 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 16 October 2016. 10 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161010130709/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/video-syrian-war-update-october-6-8-syrian-army-continues-advance-eastern-aleppo/. dead.
  112. http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/06/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%82%D9%8A%D9%82-%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF/ قوات النظام تتمكن من تحقيق أول تقدم هاد لها وسط مدينة حلب منذ أكثر من 3 سنوات
  113. Web site: Syrian Army captures strategic district in east Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 6 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 9 October 2016. 7 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161007180513/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-strategic-district-east-aleppo/. dead.
  114. http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/06/%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%AA%D8%AA%D9%85%D9%83%D9%86-%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86-%D8%A7/ قوات النظام تتمكن من التقدم في سليمان الحلبي وسط مدينة حلب
  115. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=51880 More than 75 casualties and injuries in Jamelaiah neighborhood at Aleppo city, the regime forces advance within the city again
  116. Web site: Syrian Army, Hezbollah advance in southern Aleppo amid the crumbling jihadist defenses. Leith. Fadel. 7 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 9 October 2016. 8 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161008155113/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-hezbollah-advance-southern-aleppo-amid-crumbling-jihadist-defenses/. dead.
  117. Web site: Syrian Army captures key hilltop in southern Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 7 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 9 October 2016. 8 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161008160108/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-key-hilltop-southern-aleppo/. dead.
  118. Web site: France, Britain at UN call for end to Aleppo 'bloodbath'. AFP.
  119. Web site: Jihadist rebels strike back in Aleppo City. Leith. Fadel. 8 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 9 October 2016. 9 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161009144408/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/jihadist-rebels-strike-back-aleppo-city/. dead.
  120. Web site: Syrian Army seizes key district in east Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 8 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 9 October 2016. 9 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161009154927/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-seizes-key-district-east-aleppo/. dead.
  121. Web site: Battle for Aleppo rages ahead of East-West showdown at UN. AFP.
  122. Web site: Syria regime keeps up Aleppo assault after UN fails on truce. AFP. 9 October 2016.
  123. Web site: Syrian Army Tightens Grip on East Aleppo. The Inside Source. 9 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161010125648/http://www.insidesourcenews.com/single-post/2016/10/09/Syrian-Army-Tightens-Grip-on-East-Aleppo. 10 October 2016. dead. dmy-all.
  124. Web site: Violent clashes in Sheikh Saeed after regime forces' advancement in the area and aerial bombardment north of Aleppo. 9 October 2016 . Syrian Observatory for Human Rights. 9 October 2016.
  125. http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/09/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84-%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%85-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81-%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%A7/ الفصائل تعاود التقدم في ريف حماة الشمالي الشرقي ومعارك مستمرة بعنف في الشيخ سعيد ومناطق أخرى بمدينة حلب
  126. Web site: Syrian Army advances inside eastern Aleppo district. Leith. Fadel. 9 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 9 October 2016. 10 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161010180432/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-advances-inside-eastern-aleppo-district/. dead.
  127. Web site: The Inside Source. 16 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161011055223/http://www.insidesourcenews.com/single-post/2016/10/10/Rebels-Fight-Back-In-Aleppo-City. 11 October 2016. dead.
  128. Web site: Syrian Army captures more territory in east Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 10 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 16 October 2016. 11 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161011163535/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-more-territory-in-east-aleppo/. dead.
  129. Web site: Rebels, monitor: Russian jets resume heavy bombing of eastern.... Jamestown Sun. 16 October 2016.
  130. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=52084 Regime forces advance over rebels in Aleppo
  131. Web site: Syrian Army seizes more territory in northeast Aleppo as rebel defenses collapse. Leith. Fadel. 13 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 16 October 2016. 13 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161013223248/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-seizes-territory-northeast-aleppo-rebel-defenses-collapse/. dead.
  132. Web site: Syrian Army captures more territory in northeast Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 14 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 16 October 2016. 18 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161018105552/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-territory-northeast-aleppo/. dead.
  133. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=52358 The regime forces advance north of Aleppo city, and shelling target several areas at the eastern neighborhoods of the city leaving casualties
  134. http://www.syriahr.com/2016/10/14/8-%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A1-%D8%AD%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%81-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%88%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85-%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89-%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86/ 8 شهداء حصيلة القصف الجوي اليوم على مدينة حلب ومعارك عنيفة شمال المدينة
  135. Web site: Syrian Army continues advance in northeast Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 14 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 16 October 2016. 18 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161018084329/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-continues-advance-northeast-aleppo/. dead.
  136. Web site: Pro-govt gains in Aleppo ahead of key Syria talks . AFP. 16 October 2016.
  137. Web site: Aleppo hospital bombed again as Assad vows to 'clean' city. Kareem. Shaheen. 14 October 2016. 16 October 2016. The Guardian.
  138. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=52433 The regime forces advance and control blocks in the eastern neighborhoods of Aleppo
  139. Web site: Battle for Aleppo rages on as Syrian Army advances: Map Update. Izat. Charkatli. 15 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 16 October 2016. 18 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161018065751/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/battle-aleppo-rages-syrian-army-advances-map-update/. dead.
  140. Web site: Syrian Army liberate number of areas in east Aleppo. Paul. Antonopoulos. 15 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 16 October 2016. 18 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161018044518/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-liberate-number-areas-east-aleppo/. dead.
  141. http://www.syriahr.com/en/?p=52433 The regime forces advance and control blocks in the eastern neighborhoods of Aleppo
  142. Web site: Syrian Army captures several sites in northeast Aleppo. Leith. Fadel. 16 October 2016. Al-Masdar News. 21 October 2016. 18 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161018214143/https://www.almasdarnews.com/article/syrian-army-captures-several-sites-northeast-aleppo/. dead.
  143. Web site: Russia and Syria announce eight-hour Aleppo ceasefire. Financial Times. 17 October 2016.
  144. News: Syria: Aleppo residents say airstrikes have halted. Schams Elwazer, Eyad Kourdi and Laura Smith-Spark. CNN. 21 October 2016.
  145. Web site: Syrian Army says Aleppo truce will last three days. 20 October 2016. 21 October 2016.
  146. Web site: Rebels reject withdrawal from Aleppo after Russia halts bombing. Middle East Eye. 18 October 2016.
  147. Web site: Air strikes, fighting mark end of Aleppo ceasefire. Al Jazeera. 30 October 2016.
  148. Web site: Russia says it extends moratorium on Aleppo air strikes. 25 October 2016. 30 October 2016. Reuters.
  149. Web site: Syrian rebels 'start Aleppo offensive'. BBC News. 28 October 2016.
  150. News: Syria monitor group says rebel shelling kills more than 15 in west Aleppo. Reuters. 28 October 2016.
  151. News: Syria's Assad says taking Aleppo from rebels key to pushing 'terrorists' back to Turkey. 14 October 2016. 16 October 2016. Reuters.
  152. Web site: Warplanes knock out Aleppo hospitals as Russian-backed assault intensifies. 28 September 2016. Ellen Francis, Tom Perry. Reuters. 11 October 2016. 12 October 2016. https://web.archive.org/web/20161012151010/http://in.reuters.com/article/mideast-crisis-syria-idINKCN11Y1QM. dead.
  153. http://www.latimes.com/world/middleeast/la-fg-syria-aleppo-20160928-snap-story.html Why the fight for Aleppo is a turning point in the Syrian war
  154. Web site: Syria conflict: US accuses Russia of 'barbarism' in Aleppo. 25 September 2016 . BBC News. 3 October 2016.
  155. Web site: Russia accused of war crimes in Syria at UN security council session. Julian Borger Kareem Shaheen . 26 September 2016. 3 October 2016. The Guardian.

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