| Aleksandra Artyukhina | |
| Birth Date: | 6 November 1889 |
| Birth Place: | Vyshny Volochyok, Russian Empire |
| Death Date: | 7 April 1969 (79 years) |
| Death Place: | Moscow, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union |
| Office: | Head of the Workers and Peasants Department of the Central Committee |
| Term Start: | 1925 |
| Term End: | 1930 |
| Predecessor: | Klavdiya Nikolayeva |
| Successor: | Post abolished |
| Office4: | Candidate member of the 14th, 15th Secretariat |
| Term Start4: | 1 January 1926 |
| Term End4: | 13 July 1930 |
| Office5: | Member of the 14th, 15th Orgburo |
| Term Start5: | 1 January 1926 |
| Term End5: | 13 July 1930 |
| Party: | RSDLP (Bolsheviks) (1909–1918) Russian Communist Party (1918–1938) |
| Native Name Lang: | ru |
Alexandra Vasilevna Artyukhina (Russian: Александра Васильевна Артюхина; 6 November 1889 – 7 April 1969) was an early Russian Bolshevik and revolutionary. She was the third woman elected to the Bolshevik Secretariat (15th term), serving as a Candidate Member.
The child of textile workers, Artyukhina was born at Vyshny Volochyok. She became a dressmaker's apprentice at age ten and a mill worker by 17. She joined the Communist labor movement in Russia, and was forced into exile at age 20 - probably in 1909. After three years, she returned to Russia and resumed her work, both in textiles and in union organizing.
She was active during the Revolution and rose through the ranks to sit as an alternate member on the Secretariat of the CPSU Central Committee from 1926 to 1930. She was also the last head of Zhenotdel. On March 1, 1931, international journalists noticed Artukhina as the first woman to sit on the Soviet Supreme Court.
She assumed leadership of the Cotton Textile Workers Union when a Commissar of light industry, Isadore Lubimoff, was removed. A collective farm was named for her.
Her industry fell 11% short of its production goal for the first quarter of 1938. After this, she was dismissed from that post and started directing various textile factories in Moscow until her retirement in 1951.
She was named a Hero of Socialist Labor in 1960, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of International Women's Day, and lies buried in the Novodevichy Cemetery.
The information in this article came from New York Times articles dated March 2, 1931 and May 23, 1938. The latter refers to the Soviet workers' newspaper Trud as its source.