| Aleksandr (Oleksandr) Akhiezer | |
| Native Name: | Олександр Ілліч Ахієзер |
| Native Name Lang: | uk |
| Birth Date: | 31 October 1911 |
| Birth Place: | Cherykaw, now in Belarus |
| Death Place: | Kharkiv, Ukraine |
| Education: | Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute |
| Doctoral Advisor: | Lev Landau |
| Occupation: | Theoretical physicist, university lecturer, nuclear physicist |
| Doctoral Students: | Dmytro Volvov |
| Known For: | Akhiezer mechanism |
Aleksandr (Oleksandr) Ilyich Akhiezer (uk|Олекса́ндр Іллі́ч Ахіє́зер, ru|Алекса́ндр Ильи́ч Ахие́зер; 18 (31) October 1911 – May 4, 2000) was a Soviet and Ukrainian theoretical physicist, known for contributions to numerous branches of theoretical physics, including quantum electrodynamics, nuclear physics, solid state physics, quantum field theory, and the theory of plasma.[1] [2] He was the brother of the mathematician Naum Akhiezer.
Akhiezer was born in Cherykaw, Russian Empire in what is now Mogilev Region, Belarus. He studied radio engineering at Kyiv Polytechnic Institute in 1929–34. From 1934, he worked at the Ukrainian Institute of Physics and Technology in Kharkiv. With Isaak Pomeranchuk and under the supervision of Lev Landau, he studied light-light scattering and was awarded a Ph.D. in 1936.
When Landau left Kharkiv in 1938, Akhiezer became head of the department of Theoretical Physics. A treatise on wave absorption in modulated quasiparticles gave him a habilitation degree in 1941, since when he was full professor at the same place until his death at the age of 89.
With Cyril Sinelnikov and Anton K. Valter he founded the faculty of physics and technology at University of Kharkiv. With Pomeranchuk he studied neutron scattering and plasma physics at the Kurchatov nuclear physics institute in Moscow (1944–52).